[Simple nucleus pulposus removal for the treatment of prolapsed and displaced lumbar disc herniation].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical effect of the simple nucleus pulposus removal and small incision interlaminar window in the treatment of prolapsed and displaced lumbar disc herniation. METHODS: From February 2016 to February 2018, 35 patients with single-segment prolapse and displaced lumbar disc herniation were treated by the simple nucleus pulposus removal and small incision interlaminar window under general anesthesia. Among them, there were 21 males and 14 females;aged (42±17) years;27 cases of L4,5 segment, 6 cases of L5S1 segment, 2 cases of L3,4 segment;20 cases on the left side, 13 cases on the right side. Modified Macnab standard was used to evaluate postoperative symptoms and functional recovery. RESULTS: All the operations were successful and the operation time was 30 to 60 min with an average of 40 min, the intraoperative blood loss was 10 to 30 ml with an average of 20 ml. All the patients were followed up for 1 to 3 years with an average of 1.2 years. Thirty-five patients with low back pain and lower limb symptoms were significantly relieved or disappeared. According to modified Macnab standard, 29 cases obtained excellent results, 5 good, and 1 fair. CONCLUSION: Applying the concept of minimally invasive operation, small incision interlaminar window and simple nucleus pulposus removal for the treatment of prolapsed and displaced lumbar disc herniation has the advantages of short operation time, definite curative effect, and less trauma. And it is a safe and effective surgical method under the premise of strict control of the indications.

Selection of reference genes for gene expression studies in PBMC from Bama miniature pig under heat stress.

Heat stress decreases immune function and increases disease susceptibility in stressed animals, which are important factors for industry and public health. We investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying heat stress by profiling the expression of target genes involved in the cellular response in the blood of Bama miniature pigs (Sus scrofa domestica) over 21 days with the use of quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). Reliable standards were established for the normalization of qRT-PCR. Six potential reference genes were ranked by their stability using the geNorm and NormFinder programs. Ribosomal protein L4 (RPL4) and TATA-box-binding protein (TBP) ranked as the two most stably expressed genes, except on day 21 when beta-2-microglobulin (B2M) was the most stable. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and ribosomal RNA 18S (18SRNA) were discarded as reference genes due to their unstable expression patterns. When B2M and TBP genes were selected as standards in combination, rather than GAPDH, a significant upregulation in Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) expression was observed after 21 consecutive days of heat stress. These findings suggest that selection of an ideal reference gene is a key step in comparison of transcription profiles in Bama miniature pigs.