ABSTRACT
Microbe-enhanced phytoremediation has been considered as a promising measure for the remediation of metal-contaminated soils. In this study, two bacterial strains JYX7 and JYX10 were isolated from rhizosphere soils of Polygonum pubescens grown in metal-polluted soil and identified as of Enterobacter sp. and Klebsiella sp. based on 16S rDNA sequences, respectively. JYX7 and JYX10 showed high Cd, Pb and Zn tolerance and increased water-soluble Cd, Pb and Zn concentrations in culture solution and metal-added soils. Two isolates produced plant growth-promoting substances such as indole acetic acid, siderophore, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic deaminase, and solubilized inorganic phosphate. Based upon their ability in metal tolerance and solubilization, two isolates were further studied for their effects on growth and accumulation of Cd, Pb, and Zn in Brassica napus (rape) by pot experiments. Rapes inoculated with JYX7 and JYX10 had significantly higher dry weights, concentrations and uptakes of Cd, Pb, Zn in both above-ground and root tissues than those without inoculation grown in soils amended with Cd (25 mg kg(-1)), Pb (200 mg kg(-1)) or Zn (200 mg kg(-1)). The present results demonstrated that JYX7 and JYX10 are valuable microorganism, which can improve the efficiency of phytoremediation in soils polluted by Cd, Pb, and Zn.
Subject(s)
Bacteria/growth & development , Bacteria/isolation & purification , Brassica/metabolism , Metals, Heavy/metabolism , Polygonum/microbiology , Soil Microbiology , Base Sequence , Biodegradation, Environmental , Brassica/growth & development , Brassica/microbiology , Cadmium/analysis , Cadmium/metabolism , Lead/analysis , Lead/metabolism , Metals, Heavy/analysis , Molecular Sequence Data , Phosphates/metabolism , Plant Roots/growth & development , Plant Roots/metabolism , Plant Roots/microbiology , Rhizosphere , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Soil/chemistry , Soil Pollutants/analysis , Soil Pollutants/metabolism , Zinc/analysis , Zinc/metabolismABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To study the three-dimensional structure of ventricular myocardial fiber in human heart. METHODS: Eight human heart were obtained from male donors aged 81.9-/+7.2 years with a heart weight of 455.6-/+65.7 g. Each sample was immersed in water and scanned by diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT-MRI) using a 3 Tesla Exicte HD by an eight-channel head coils. The duration was 18.6-/+5.2 h from heart arresting to the scanning. The data were obtained using the protocol of single shot echo planar imaging (sshEPI) and sensitivity encoding (SENSE). The SENSE-sshEPI-scans (TE/TRZ86.4/2000 ms) of the whole heart were carried out (b=1000 s/mm(2), voxels 128x128, resolution 1.1 mmx1.1 mmx(3) mm, and FOV 14 cmx14 cm). Fiber tracking and reconstruction were performed using GE Advantage Windows Workstation. The three-dimensional structure of the ventricular myocardial fiber was observed. RESULTS: The left ventricular myocardial fibers showed two layers with different directions of alignment in such regions as the anterior, septum, and posterior walls and the free left ventricular wall. The subendocardial layer ran obliquely from the base to the apex, and the middle layer ran obliquely upward from the base to the apex. The two layers were linked together and aligned in the pattern of helical coils near the apex. CONCLUSIONS: The three-dimensional structure of the myocardial fibers in human heart conforms to Torrent's hypothesis of helical ventricular myocardial band (HVMB).
