The Psychological Expectation of New Project Income Under the Influence of the Entrepreneur's Sentiment From the Perspective of Information Asymmetry.

The phenomenon of high first-day income and high break-up rate in China's capital market has long attracted the attention of investors. Based on the disagreement model, in combination with the information asymmetry theory and behavioral finance, a mathematical model was put forward to analyze the reasons and mechanisms for the excess return of the initial public offering (IPO) on the first-day under the influence of investors' sentiments. The analysis shows that the IPO first-day income is a function of the disagreement between investors, which generally presents an asymmetric U shape. Information asymmetry affects the degree of valuation deviation. The sentiment of investors reflects the psychological state of the investor at the time, which makes the income increase or decrease under the influence of investor sentiment and market sentiment. In turn, it leads to the emergence of excess returns or break-up rates on the first-day. The research results help deepen the understanding of the IPO pricing mechanism and explore the impact of investor psychology on its pricing, putting forward suggestions for the issue pricing mechanism of the Sci-Tech Innovation Board.

The Application of Flipped Classroom Combined With Locus of Control Analysis in Lean Entrepreneurship Education for College Students.

This paper aims to explore the status quo and basic laws of entrepreneurship education at the stage of social development in China, thereby providing a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the cultivation of innovative and entrepreneurial talents in colleges. First, a college entrepreneurship education model based on lean entrepreneurship theory and flipped classroom was established to provide the development of entrepreneurship education with a theoretical framework while improving the students' autonomous learning ability. Based on the theoretical basis of the influence of the locus of control on entrepreneurial motivation in the entrepreneurial process of college students, the students who participated in the basic education of entrepreneurship among the sophomores in the first semester of the 2018-2019 academic year of a college in Shanghai were selected as the research object. Then, the effect of lean entrepreneurship education under the flipped classroom mode was analyzed. Before the start of the entrepreneurial basic education course, there was no difference between the pretest scores of the research group and the control group students (P > 0.05). After the course, there was no difference between the posttest scores of the two groups of students (P > 0.05). It can be confirmed that, based on the flipped classroom education mode of halving the actual number of lectures by teachers, the effect of basic education on entrepreneurship for students is not different from the traditional teaching effect. Based on the flipped classroom mode, the number of people who have reached the level of "understanding" of the text target task is the highest, and the number of people who can reach the "comprehensive application" level of the high-order target is almost 0. It means that the realization of the high-order target still needs to be strengthened. Lean entrepreneurship education mode is based on lean iteration, which is conducive to promoting the development of entrepreneurship education in China. Therefore, the application of flipped classroom combined with locus of control analysis in lean entrepreneurship education for college students can ideally achieve the goal of deep learning, which is greatly significant for improving the effectiveness of entrepreneurship education.

Ultrathin 2D Graphitic Carbon Nitride on Metal Films: Underpotential Sodium Deposition in Adlayers for Sodium-Ion Batteries.

Efficient and low-cost anode materials for the sodium-ion battery are highly desired to enable more economic energy storage. Effects on an ultrathin carbon nitride film deposited on a copper metal electrode are presented. The combination of effects show an unusually high capacity to store sodium metal. The g-C3 N4 film is as thin as 10 nm and can be fabricated by an efficient, facile, and general chemical-vapor deposition method. A high reversible capacity of formally up to 51 Ah g-1 indicates that the Na is not only stored in the carbon nitride as such, but that carbon nitride activates also the metal for reversible Na-deposition, while forming at the same time an solid electrolyte interface layer avoiding direct contact of the metallic phase with the liquid electrolyte.

Challenges and Perspectives in Designing Artificial Photosynthetic Systems.

The development of artificial photosynthetic systems for water splitting and CO2 reduction on a large scale for practical applications is the ultimate goal towards worldwide sustainability. This Concept highlights the state-of-the-art research trends of artificial photosynthesis concepts and designs from some new perspectives. Particularly, it is focused on five important aspects for the design of promising artificial photosynthetic systems: 1) catalyst development, 2) architecture design, 3) device buildup 4) mechanism exploration, and 5) theoretical investigations. Some typical progress and challenges, the most significant milestones achieved to date, as well as possible future directions are illustrated and discussed. This Concept article presents a selection of new developments to highlight new trends and possibilities, main barriers, or challenges; with this, we hope to inspire more advances in the field of artificial photosynthesis.

Bio-inspired Plasmonic Nanoarchitectured Hybrid System Towards Enhanced Far Red-to-Near Infrared Solar Photocatalysis.

Solar conversion to fuels or to electricity in semiconductors using far red-to-near infrared (NIR) light, which accounts for about 40% of solar energy, is highly significant. One main challenge is the development of novel strategies for activity promotion and new basic mechanisms for NIR response. Mother Nature has evolved to smartly capture far red-to-NIR light via their intelligent systems due to unique micro/nanoarchitectures, thus motivating us for biomimetic design. Here we report the first demonstration of a new strategy, based on adopting nature's far red-to-NIR responsive architectures for an efficient bio-inspired photocatalytic system. The system is constructed by controlled assembly of light-harvesting plasmonic nanoantennas onto a typical photocatalytic unit with butterfly wings' 3D micro/nanoarchitectures. Experiments and finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations demonstrate the structural effects on obvious far red-to-NIR photocatalysis enhancement, which originates from (1) Enhancing far red-to-NIR (700~1200 nm) harvesting, up to 25%. (2) Enhancing electric-field amplitude of localized surface plasmon (LSPs) to more than 3.5 times than that of the non-structured one, which promotes the rate of electron-hole pair formation, thus substantially reinforcing photocatalysis. This proof-of-concept study provides a new methodology for NIR photocatalysis and would potentially guide future conceptually new NIR responsive system designs.

Artificial photosynthesis on tree trunk derived alkaline tantalates with hierarchical anatomy: towards CO2 photo-fixation into CO and CH4.

Artificial photosynthesis, the photochemical fixation and recycling of CO2 back to hydrocarbon fuels using sunlight and water, is both a significant challenge and an opportunity that, if realized, could have a revolutionary impact on our energy system. Herein, we demonstrate one of the first examples using biomass derived hierarchical porous photocatalysts for CO2 photo-fixation into sustainable hydrocarbon fuels. A generic method is proposed to build a series of alkaline tantalates MTaO3 (M = Li, Na, K) with hierarchical anatomy from macro- to nanoscales using activated carbonized tree trunks as templates. Artificial photosynthesis is carried out on MTaO3 series using only artificial sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide as inputs to produce carbon monoxide and methane as the main outputs. The CO2 photo-fixation performance can be enhanced by introducing a macropore network, which mainly enhances light transfer and accelerates gas diffusion. The research provides prototype models that integrate individual nanoscale components into higher level macroscopic artificial photosynthetic systems for better solar-to-fuel conversion efficiencies. This work would have potential significance for the ultimate construction of "artificial trees" and provide envisions creating "forests" of these CO2-capturing artificial trees to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and convert it into sustainable fuels.