LINC317.5 as a novel biomarker for hypertriglyceridemia in normal glucose metabolism.

The global rise in prediabetes and diabetes, with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) being predominant, highlights the association between T2DM and hypertriglyceridemia (HTG). Patients with both abnormal glucose levels and HTG require increased attention due to higher risks of complications and mortality. Therefore, this study aimed to find the key long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) of HTG in the abnormal glucose metabolism patients. We collected blood samples for RNA sequencing experiments and blood samples for validation in population. We have conducted RNA sequencing, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in a 82-vs-82-sample-size population and insulin induced HepG2, RNA- Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). We also explored lipid metabolism related transcription factor and the related protein expression and processed key lncRNA by both interference expression and overexpression, and the related consequences were rescued by its target mRNA. ENST00000540317.5 (LINC317.5) was lower in HTG with abnormal glucose metabolism and was found in both cytoplasm and nucleus in HepG2, inversely regulating the accumulation of TG and its target mRNA TKFC. Relative expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) were decreasing, and SREBP-1c (sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c) was increasing of the interference expression of LINC317.5. Interference expression of LINC317.5 significantly decreased the protein expression of ACADM and CPT1A, whereas increased the protein expression of FAS and ACC1. TKFC partly reduced the triglyceride (TG) accumulation of LINC317.5. In conclusion, we suggested LINC317.5-TKFC as a key for TG accumulation in the HepG2-insulin resistant (IR). These might provide information of non-invasive biomarkers for the HTG with abnormal glucose.

The association between vitamin K intake and dyslipidemia in US adults: the mediating effect of insulin resistance.

Background: Dyslipidemia is one of the most common chronic diseases, and is associated with insulin resistance (IR) and inadequate vitamin K intake. We aimed to explore the association between IR, vitamin K intake, and dyslipidemia, and further to explore the mediating role of IR. Materials and methods: 12 860 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2001 to 2018 were included in this study. Insulin resistance was determined by using the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Weighted multiple logistic regression and mediation analyses were conducted to analyze the associations between IR, vitamin K intake, and dyslipidemia. Results: We found that both vitamin K intake-met Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) and non-IR were protective factors of high triglycerides (with ORs (95% CI) of 0.71 (0.57, 0.87) and 0.36 (0.29, 0.45), respectively) and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (with ORs (95% CI) of 0.72 (0.62, 0.82) and 0.39 (0.34, 0.41), respectively). IR-related indicators (HOMA-IR and insulin) partly mediated these effects, and the proportion ranged from 16.36% to 18.52%. Conclusion: Vitamin K intake-met DRI and non-IR were associated with lower risk of dyslipidemia including high TG and low HDL-C. IR partly mediated the association of vitamin K intake with high TG and low HDL-C.

The relationship between vitamin K and T2DM: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Previous studies have shown the potential role of vitamin K supplementation in the prevention and treatment of many diseases. However, the effect of vitamin K supplementation on blood glucose remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of vitamin K supplementation on glycemia-related indicators, including Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), Fasting Insulin (FINS) and Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). The potential association between vitamin K and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk was also evaluated. Methods: Up to April 2023, Cochrane, PubMed, Web of Science, Medline and EMBASE databases were searched to assess the effects of vitamin K on blood glucose and the risk of developing T2DM. Results: A meta-analysis of seven studies (813 participants) found vitamin K supplementation significantly reduced FBS (SMD = -0.150 mg dl-1, 95% CI = -0.290, -0.010 mg dl-1) and HOMA-IR (SMD = -0.200, 95% CI = -0.330, -0.060), but not FINS. Five studies with a total of 105 798 participants were included in the meta-analysis of the association between vitamin K and T2DM. The results showed that vitamin K was associated with the reduced risk of developing T2DM (HR = 0.79, 95% CI [0.71-0.88], P < 0.001). Conclusion: The meta-analysis demonstrated that vitamin K supplementation had a significant effect on the regulation of FBS and HOMA-IR in the population. Moreover, vitamin K was associated with the reduced risk of developing T2DM. Considering some limitations found in this study, additional data from large clinical trials are needed.

Effects of non-pharmacological interventions on depressive symptoms and risk of major depressive disorder in adults with subthreshold depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Subthreshold depression (StD) is a condition that significantly reduces the quality of life and increases the risk of developing major depressive disorder (MDD). In order to investigate the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs) in preventing the onset of MDD and improving depressive symptoms in adults with StD (AStDs), we conducted a systematic search of nine databases and included a total of 15 studies. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) were calculated using random effects models. RoB2 tool and GRADEpro software were used to assess the methodological quality and evidence. Funnel plots, Egger's, and Begg's tests were used to analyze publication bias. Sensitivity, subgroup and meta-regression analyses were performed to explore potential sources of heterogeneity. The results showed that NPIs had a significant effect in preventing the onset of MDD and improving depressive symptoms. Subgroup analysis revealed that NPIs were particularly effective in general adult populations, during short-term follow-up (FU) periods, among pregnant women, and in universal prevention programs. The results were found to be robust and credible, as they were less sensitive to changes in the analysis method. Timely detection and treatment of StD is feasible and important, as it can effectively delay or prevent the onset of MDD.

Does vitamin D have a potential role in precocious puberty? A meta-analysis.

Background: Precocious puberty, one of the common pediatric endocrine system diseases, has been related to reduced adult height, adverse psychological outcomes and long-term health consequences. Previous findings have found that low levels of vitamin D appear to be associated with the characteristics of precocious puberty such as early menarche. However, the effect of vitamin D on precocious puberty remains controversial. Methods: The published literature was searched from PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CNKI, Wan Fang and VIP databases up to October 2022. A randomized effect model was used to perform a meta-analysis to evaluate differences in vitamin D concentration between precocious puberty subjects and normal subjects, the risk of precocious puberty in subjects with low vitamin D levels, and the effect of supplementation of vitamin D on subjects with precocious puberty on medication. Results: Our study found that precocious puberty subjects had lower serum vitamin D levels than the normal population (standardized mean difference (SMD) = -1.16 ng ml-1 and 95% confidence interval (CI) = -1.41 and -0.91 ng ml-1). Meanwhile, the lower level of vitamin D was associated with the risk of precocious puberty (odd ratio (OR) = 2.25 and 95% CI = 1.66 and 3.04). Moreover, compared with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue (GnRHa) intervention alone, subjects receiving GnRHa + vitamin D intervention had significantly lower luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and estradiol levels and bone age, and higher predicted adult height (PAH). Conclusions: Vitamin D may have a potential role in precocious puberty and more data from large clinical trials are needed to confirm the findings.

The Association between the Differential Expression of lncRNA and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in People with Hypertriglyceridemia.

Compared with diabetic patients with normal blood lipid, diabetic patients with dyslipidemia such as high triglycerides have a higher risk of clinical complications, and the disease is also more serious. For the subjects with hypertriglyceridemia, the lncRNAs affecting type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the specific mechanisms remain unclear. Transcriptome sequencing was performed on peripheral blood samples of new-onset T2DM (six subjects) and normal blood control (six subjects) in hypertriglyceridemia patients using gene chip technology, and differentially expressed lncRNA profiles were constructed. Validated by the GEO database and RT-qPCR, lncRNA ENST00000462455.1 was selected. Subsequently, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to observe the effect of ENST00000462455.1 on MIN6. When silencing the ENST00000462455.1 for MIN6 in high glucose and high fat, the relative cell survival rate and insulin secretion decreased, the apoptosis rate increased, and the expression of the transcription factors Ins1, Pdx-1, Glut2, FoxO1, and ETS1 that maintained the function and activity of pancreatic ß cells decreased (p < 0.05). In addition, we found that ENST00000462455.1/miR-204-3p/CACNA1C could be the core regulatory axis by using bioinformatics methods. Therefore, ENST00000462455.1 was a potential biomarker for hypertriglyceridemia patients with T2DM.

Effects of vitamin D supplementation on the regulation of blood lipid levels in prediabetic subjects: A meta-analysis.

This meta-analysis aimed to systematically investigate whether vitamin D supplementation reduces blood lipid-total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglyceride (TG)-levels in prediabetic individuals. Pubmed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, CNKI, and WANFANG databases were searched for studies published before 13 February 2022 (including 13 February 2022). Five articles were included. The results showed that vitamin D intervention led to a significant reduction in TG compared with control or placebo treatment (-0.42 [-0.59, -0.25], P < 0.001). Subgroup analyses showed that this effect was particularly significant among the studies that included obese subjects (-0.46 [-0.65, -0.28], P < 0.001), the studies that also included men (not only women) (-0.56 [-0.78, -0.34], P < 0.001), and the studies with intervention durations longer than 1 year (-0.46 [-0.65, -0.28], P < 0.001). Both relatively low doses of 2,857 IU/day (-0.65 [-0.92, -0.38], P < 0.001) and relatively high doses of 8,571 IU/day (-0.28 [-0.54, -0.02] P = 0.04) of vitamin D supplementation reduced TG levels, and the effect was observed both in Northern Europe (-0.65 [-0.92, -0.38], P < 0.001) and Asian (-0.25 [-0.48, -0.03], P = 0.03) country subgroups. No significant effects on TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C were shown. In conclusion, vitamin D supplementation might beneficially affect TG levels in individuals with prediabetes. Particularly longer durations of treatment, more than 1 year, with doses that correct vitamin deficiency/insufficiency, can have a beneficial effect. This meta-analysis was registered at www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero (CRD42020160780).

The Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of the Triglyceride-Glucose Index in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has been related to a series of harmful health consequences. The triglyceride-glucose index (TyG index) appears to be associated with MAFLD. However, no consistent conclusions about the TyG index and incident MAFLD have been reached. PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library were searched. Sensitivities, specificities and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) with a random-effects model were used to assess the diagnostic performance of the TyG index in NAFLD/MAFLD participants. Potential threshold effects and publication bias were evaluated by Spearman's correlation and Deeks' asymmetry test, respectively. A total of 20 studies with 165725 MAFLD participants were included. The summary receiver operator characteristic (SROC) curve showed that the sensitivity, specificity and AUC were 0.73 (0.69−0.76), 0.67 (0.65, 0.70) and 0.75 (0.71−0.79), respectively. Threshold effects (r = 0.490, p < 0.05) were confirmed to exist. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression showed that some factors including country, number of samples, age and disease situation were the sources of heterogeneity (p < 0.05). Our meta-analysis suggests that the TyG index can diagnose and predict MAFLD patients with good accuracy. The number of studies remains limited, and prospective studies are needed.

Cognitive Impairment Mediates the Association between Dietary Inflammation and Depressive Symptoms in the Elderly.

The underlying mechanism in both cognitive impairment and depression was chronic inflammation, which could be reflected by the dietary inflammatory index (DII). However, the effect of cognitive impairment on the association between DII and depression was not clear. Therefore, in this study, we hypothesized that cognitive impairment could mediate the association between dietary inflammation and depressive symptoms. A total of 2550 participants aged ≥60 from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in 2011-2014 were involved in the serial, cross-sectional study. Proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory diets were measured by DII. Cognitive impairment was measured by four dimensions, CERAD-immediate, CERAN-delayed, animal fluency test, and DSST. Depressive symptoms were measured by PHQ-9 scores. We found that a proinflammatory diet and cognitive impairment were both risk factors for depressive symptoms. An interaction between an inflammatory diet and cognitive impairment was detected (P-interaction = 0.060). In addition, all four dimensions of cognition mediated the association between DII and depressive symptom scores. Part of the association between DII and depressive symptoms scores could be explained by different dimensions of cognitive function, and the proportion of mediation ranged from 10.0% to 36.7%. In conclusion, cognitive impairment levels partly mediated the association between DII and depressive symptoms.

Association between triglyceride glucose index and risk of cerebrovascular disease: systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The triglyceride glucose (TyG) index, which is a new surrogate indicator of insulin resistance (IR), is thought to be associated with many diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, but its relationship with cerebrovascular disease is still controversial. METHODS: The PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Medline databases were searched until March 2022 to evaluate the association between the TyG index and cerebrovascular disease risk. A random‒effects model was used to calculate the effect estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: A total of 19 cohort studies and 10 case‒control/cross‒sectional studies were included in our study, which included 11,944,688 participants. Compared with a low TyG index, a higher TyG index increased the risk of cerebrovascular disease (RR/HR = 1.22, 95% CI [1.14, 1.30], P< 0.001; OR = 1.15, 95% CI [1.07, 1.23], P< 0.001). Furthermore, the results of the dose-response analysis of the cohort study demonstrated that the risk of cerebrovascular disease increased by 1.19 times per 1 mg/dl increment of the TyG index (relative risk = 1.19, 95% CI [1.13,1.25], P< 0.001). CONCLUSION: TyG index is related to cerebrovascular disease. More data and basic research are needed to confirm the association.

Can Artificial Sweeteners Increase the Risk of Cancer Incidence and Mortality: Evidence from Prospective Studies.

Cancer has become a major challenge in the global disease burden. Artificial sweeteners are a class of chemical compounds that are used as food and beverage addition agent to replace sugar. However, the health effects of consuming artificial sweeteners are still unclear. This meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the role of artificial sweeteners on cancer. The databases PubMed, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Web of Science and EMBASE were searched up until July 2022. A Newcastle−Ottawa scale (NOS) was used to estimate the study quality. A total of 25 observational studies were included with a total of 3,739,775 subjects. The intake of artificial sweeteners had no apparent association with overall cancer incidence and mortality. However, in Europe, artificial sweeteners' intake could increase the risk of cancer incidence (HR/RR = 1.07, 95% CI = [1.02, 1.12], I2 = 25.8%, P = 0.223), which appears to be related to a shift in nutritional behaviors in the countries. Significant results were also observed in subgroups with aspartame and a mixed intake of artificial sweeteners. Moreover, higher risk was observed for artificial sweeteners intake in all-cause mortality (HR/RR =1.13, 95% CI = [1.03, 1.25], I2 = 79.7%, p < 0.001) and a J-shaped association between them was found. More data from well-conducted studies and clinical trials are required.

A panel regression analysis for the COVID-19 epidemic in the United States.

This study explored the roles of epidemic-spread-related behaviors, vaccination status and weather factors during the COVID-19 epidemic in 50 U.S. states since March 2020. Data from March 1, 2020 to February 5, 2022 were incorporated into panel model. The states were clustered by the k-means method. In addition to discussing the whole time period, we also took multiple events nodes into account and analyzed the data in different time periods respectively by panel linear regression method. In addition, influence of cluster grouping and different incubation periods were been discussed. Non-segmented analysis showed the rate of people staying at home and the vaccination dose per capita were significantly negatively correlated with the daily incidence rate, while the number of long-distance trips was positively correlated. Weather indicators also had a negative effect to a certain extent. Most segmental results support the above view. The vaccination dose per capita was unsurprisingly proved to be the most significant factor especially for epidemic dominated by Omicron strains. 7-day was a more robust incubation period with the best model fit while weather had different effects on the epidemic spread in different time period. The implementation of prevention behaviors and the promotion of vaccination may have a successful control effect on COVID-19, including variants' epidemic such as Omicron. The spread of COVID-19 also might be associated with weather, albeit to a lesser extent.

The Association Among Inflammatory Diet, Glycohemoglobin, and Cognitive Function Impairment in the Elderly: Based on the NHANES 2011-2014.

BACKGROUND: Dietary inflammatory index (DII) was associated with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and cognitive function impairment (CFI). OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore whether the associations among DII, glycohemoglobin (HbA1c), and CFI were similar in the participants with or without diabetes. METHODS: A total of 1,198 participants aged 60 and over from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in 2011-2014 were involved in this study, dividing into subgroups as diabetes and non-diabetes for further analysis. RESULTS: We found that participants with pro-inflammatory diet had higher proportion of CFI patients (p < 0.05). Pro-inflammatory diet and HbA1c were positively associated with the risk of CFI; participants with pro-inflammatory diet was 1.479 times on occurrence of CFI compared with anti-inflammatory diet group. The interaction between inflammatory diet and HbA1c was positive on the risk of CFI and was negative on the CERAD-immediate and CERAD-delayed, respectively. Among the participants without diabetes, the associations of Energy-adjusted DII (E-DII) with Animal Fluency test and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) were partially mediated by HbA1c, and the mediated proportion was 5.8% and 6.6%, respectively. However, there was no such mediation effect in the diabetes patients. CONCLUSION: In elderly participants without diabetes, there was an interaction between inflammatory diet and HbA1c on the association with CFI, especially for the dimension of CERAD-immediate and CERAD-delayed. Besides, the associations of E-DII with Animal Fluency test and DSST were partially mediated by HbA1c. For diabetic patients, HbA1c, rather than the inflammatory diet has a positive effect on the CFI risk.

Identified lncRNAs functional modules and genes in prediabetes with hypertriglyceridemia by weighted gene co-expression network analysis.

BACKGROUND: Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is one of the most important comorbidities in abnormal glucose patients. The aim of this study was to identify lncRNAs functional modules and hub genes related to triglyceride (TG) in prediabetes. METHODS: The study included 12 prediabetic patients: 6 participants with HTG and 6 participants with normal triglyceride (NTG). Whole peripheral blood RNA sequencing was performed for these samples to establish a lncRNA library. WGCNA, KEGG pathways analysis and the PPI network were used to construct co-expression network, to obtain modules related to blood glucose, and to detect key lncRNAs. Meanwhile, GEO database and qRT-PCR were used to validate above key lncRNAs. RESULTS: We found out that the TCONS_00334653 and PVT1, whose target mRNA are MYC and HIST1H2BM, were downregulating in the prediabetes with HTG. Moreover, both of TCONS_00334653 and PVT1 were validated in the GEO database and qRT-PCR. CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, the TCONS_00334653 and PVT1 were detected the key lncRNAs for the prediabetes with HTG, which might be a potential therapeutic or diagnostic target for the treatment of prediabetes with HTG according to the results of validation in the GEO database, qRT-PCR and ROC curves.

Predictive Effect of Triglyceride Glucose-Related Parameters, Obesity Indices, and Lipid Ratios for Diabetes in a Chinese Population: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between triglyceride glucose (TyG) index and new-onset diabetes under different glycemic states and to compare the predictive value of TyG-related parameters, obesity indices, and lipid ratios for new-onset diabetes. Methods: Data were collected from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), consisting of 6,258 participants aged ≥45 years. Participants were grouped according to their glycemic states. Cox proportional hazards models and restricted cubic spline regression were used to explore the association between TyG index and diabetes. Cox proportional hazard models were applied to confirm the predictive value of the optimal marker. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to compare the predictive value. Results: TyG index was positively correlated with the risk of diabetes (hazard ratio (HR), 1.75; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.56-1.97), and the linear association existed (p < 0.001). The highest correlation with diabetes was visceral adiposity index (VAI) (HR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.44-2.90) in normal fasting glucose (NFG) group and TyG-body mass index (TyG-BMI) (HR, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.97-3.26) in impaired fasting glucose (IFG) group. The largest area under curve (AUC) was observed in TyG-waist-to-height ratio (TyG-WHtR) in the NFG group (AUC, 0.613; 95% CI, 0.527-0.700), and TyG-BMI had the highest AUC in the IFG group (AUC, 0.643; 95% CI, 0.601-0.685). Conclusion: The association between TyG index and new-onset diabetes was positive and linear. TyG-WHtR was a clinically effective marker for identifying the risks of diabetes in the NFG group and TyG-BMI was an effective marker to predict diabetes in the IFG group.

The Role of Dietary Inflammatory Index on the Association Between Sleep Quality and Long-Term Cardiovascular Risk: A Mediation Analysis Based on NHANES (2005-2008).

Objective: People with poor sleep quality have higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and one potential mechanism of CVD is chronic inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of dietary inflammation in the relationship between sleep quality and CVD risk. Methods: This study involved 5594 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in 2005-2008. Sleep quality, dietary inflammation, and 10-year CVD risk were evaluated via the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII), and the Framingham Risk Score (FRS), respectively. We used generalized additive model (GAM) and mediation analysis to investigate the relationship among sleep quality, 10-year CVD risk, and E-DII. Results: PSQI had a non-linear relationship with 10-year CVD risk (P < 0.001). Meanwhile, among the participants with poor sleep quality, PSQI was positively associated with increased 10-year CVD risk (P < 0.001) and E-DII (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the association between sleep quality and CVD risk was partially mediated by E-DII, and the mediated proportion was 14.6%, and the mediating effect of E-DII varied in different gender and age groups. However, in the subjects with good sleep quality, the association among PSQI, E-DII, and 10-year CVD risk was not existed. Conclusion: Ten-year CVD risk could be reduced by controlling the intake of inflammatory food, especially for whom with sleep disorders. In general, the reduction of inflammatory diet could weaken the effect of sleep disorders on the CVD risk.

Efficacy and Safety of Four Different Endoscopic Treatments for Early Esophageal Cancer: a Network Meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: Cap-assisted endoscopic mucosal resection (EMRC), ligation-assisted endoscopic mucosal resection (EMRL), endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), and multiband mucosectomy (MBM) are used for treating early esophageal cancer patients. Our aim was to compare the efficacy and safety of four different endoscopic treatments. METHODS: Electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and Web of Science) were systematically searched to include relevant studies published from database inception until February 15, 2021. There were no date or language restrictions. Data related to study such as characteristics, methods, outcomes, and risks of bias were extracted by two reviewers. RESULTS: A total of 11 articles with 1880 patients were included. The results of the network meta-analysis showed that ESD was a better choice considering the efficacy of en bloc resection rate (surface under the cumulative ranking curves (SUCRA) = ESD: 99.5%, EMRC: 26.5%, MBM: 24.1%) and local recurrence rate (SUCRA = EMRC: 95.6%, MBM: 42.9%, ESD: 11.6%). MBM had a lower rate of side effects compared to the other treatments: perforation rate (SUCRA = ESD: 100%, EMRC: 48.1%, MBM: 1.9%), stricture rate (SUCRA = ESD: 99.8%, MBM: 40.8%, EMRC: 9.4%), and bleeding rate (SUCRA = EMRC: 69.4%, ESD: 62.2%, EMRL: 61.6%, MBM: 6.8%). MBM also had the shortest operation time and smallest diameter of the specimens. CONCLUSION: The MBM endoscopic treatment was recommended for early esophageal cancer patients, but considering the increase in lesion size, ESD would be better.

Reply to the 'Comment on "The association between carotenoids and subjects with overweight or obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis"' by N. Shokri-mashhadi and S. Saadat, Food Funct., 2021, 12, DOI: 10.1039/D1FO01617B.

Here, we re-emphasize the purpose of our meta-analysis of the associations between carotenoids and subjects with excess body weight (Yao et al., 2021) and address some of the points raised in the commentary by Nafiseh Shokri-mashhadi and Saeed Saadat. The commentary focused on the methodological faults of our published meta-analysis research-but the research was rigorously conducted and scientifically sound, following strictly the relevant requirements of the Cochrane guidelines. Therefore, in the current reply, we included an elaboration and thorough discussion of the search strategy, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and tests of heterogeneity for the discussed meta-analysis in light of the comments made in the commentary. In conclusion, we believe that our study has made an essential contribution to the investigation of the significance of carotenoids in people with excess body weight.

Association between dietary inflammatory index and cognitive impairment: A meta-analysis.

Aims: Cognitive impairment is an increasingly urgent global public health challenge. Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) is a literature-derived score that links diet to inflammation. The relationship between DII and cognitive impairment remains controversial. Therefore, our study aimed to analysis the role of DII on the risk of cognitive impairment by meta-analysis. Methods: PubMed, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Web of Science and EMBASE databases were searched up to July 2022. Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) and Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Checklist were performed to estimate the quality of studies. Results: Nine observational studies with 19,379 subjects were included. Our study found that higher DII could elevate the risk of cognitive impairment (OR = 1.46, 95%CI = 1.26, 1.69). Meanwhile, the OR of cognitive impairment was 1.49 (95%CI = 1.21, 1.83) for cross-sectional studies and 1.42 (95%CI = 1.12, 1.79) for cohort studies, respectively. Conclusion: Our meta-analysis indicated that higher DII (indicating a more pro-inflammatory diet) is related to increased risk of cognitive impairment.