Regional effects of the renewable energy components on CO2 emissions of Asia-Pacific countries.

This paper utilizes spatial econometric reenactments to examine the geographic effects of different types of environmentally friendly power on corban discharges. The example covers 31 nations in the Asia-Pacific district during the time frame 2000 to 2018. The spatial connection in the model was affirmed by symptomatic testing, and the spatial Durbin model was picked as the last model. Results show that Gross domestic product per capita, receptiveness to business sectors, unfamiliar direct venture, energy force, and urbanization critically affect CO2 emanations. In correlation, just wind and sunlight-based energy have added to a generous abatement in ozone harming substance emanations in nations over the long run. In contrast, hydropower, bioenergy, and geothermal energy discoveries have been irrelevant. A cross-sectional examination worldview delineated that nations with more elevated sunlight-based energy yield have higher CO2 outflows, while nations with lower levels have lower CO2 emanations. The presence of spatial impacts in the model gave off an impression of the negative consequences for homegrown CO2 outflows of Gross domestic product per capita and exchange transparency of adjoining nations. Furthermore, energy power and higher creation of sustainable power in adjoining nations will prompt lower homegrown CO2 outflows.

Numerical study for blood rheology inside an artery: The effects of stenosis and radius on the flow behavior.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In this work, using Sisko model, blood flow is simulated inside an artery which have cone shape of stenosis with different angles of φ = 0.25, φ = 0.5, φ = 0.75, φ = 1 and φ = 1.25 degree, respectively. METHODS: In the first step, an artery radius of 0.002 m is fixed to study the effects of cone shape of arterial stenosis on the flow behavior. Then, stenosis angle of φ = 0.5 degree is fixed to study the effects of different Artery radii of 0.002 m, 0.0025 m, 0.003m, and 0.0035 m orderly on the flow behavior. For simulation the blood flow, Sisko model is used. Afterward, stenosis angle of φ = 0.5 degrees with a radius of 0.002m is fixed for investigating the influences of different behavior of blood fluid by manipulation of constant parameters of the Sisko model. RESULTS: It is reported that with increasing arterial stenosis angle, maximum blood flow velocity is sharply increased in central region of artery from 0.12 m/s to 0.16 m/s, 0.25 m/s, 0.36 m/s and 0.56 m/s in order of increasing stenosis angles from φ = 0.25 to φ = 0.5, φ = 0.75, φ = 1 and φ = 1.25 degree, respectively. Also, maximum shear stress of artery wall are as much as 64 Pa, 42 Pa, 24 Pa, 18 Pa and 16Pa respectively in order of stenosis angles of φ = 0.25, φ = 0.5, φ = 0.75, φ = 1 and φ = 1.25 degree. On the other side, the effect of increasing artery radius is against the influences of stenosis angle, and contradiction of these parameters is affected by the stress tension and viscosity of blood. CONCLUSIONS: Variations of blood behavior from non-Newtonian to Newtonian shows that shear stress in blood stream in the stenosis artery with non-Newtonian blood is higher than that of Newtonian blood due to differences in their viscous behaviors and reactions in exposure of stenosis and artery wall effects.

A review: Recent advances in ultrasensitive and highly specific recognition aptasensors with various detection strategies.

One of the most studied topics in analytical chemistry and physics is to develop bio-sensors. Aptamers are small single-stranded RNA or DNA oligonucleotides (5-25 kDa), which have advantages in comparison to their antibodies such as physicochemical stability and high binding specificity. They are able to integrate with proteins or small molecules, including intact viral particles, plant lectins, gene-regulation factor, growth factors, antibodies and enzymes. The aptamers have reportedly shown some unique characteristics, including long shelf-life, simple modification to provide covalent bonds to material surfaces, minor batch variation, cost-effectiveness and slight denaturation susceptibility. These features led important efforts toward the development of aptamer-based sensors, known as apta-sensors classified into optical, electrical and mass-sensitive based on the signal transduction mode. This review provided a number of current advancements in selecting, development criteria, and aptamers application with the focus on the effect of apta-sensors, specifically for disease-associated analyses. The review concentrated on the current reports of apta-sensors that are used for evaluating different food and environmental pollutants.

Numerical investigation of non-Newtonian blood flow within an artery with cone shape of stenosis in various stenosis angles.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In this work, a numerical study is done on the blood flow inside an artery with a cone shape of stenosis. An artery has different stenosis angles. Also, blood flow is energized by constant heat flux which is applied on the wall. The finite volume method is employed to determine blood properties on the basis of a Sisko fluid model with different constant parameters. METHODS: Firstly, the effects of applying constant heat flux of q'' = 4 W/m2 are studied on the velocity profile of blood flow inside an artery with stenosis angles of φ = 0.5°. Afterward, effects of different stenosis angles of φ = 0.25, φ = 0.5, φ = 0.75, φ = 1 and φ = 1.25 is studied on blood flow temperature profile. Then, different values of the Sisko model are employed to investigate influences of Newtonian and non-Newtonian behaviors of blood fluid on the temperature profiles of blood flow inside an artery with stenosis angle of φ = 0.5°. RESULTS: It is reported that with increasing stenosis angles, blood flow temperature is decreased due to velocity enhancement. This phenomenon is convinced by non-slip condition and sticking non-Newtonian blood fluid to the internal surface of artery wall which reduce velocity from wall surface region to central region of vessel. Also, it is concluded that changing behavior of blood fluid from non-Newtonian to Newtonian behaviors can empower the capability of blood in thermal energy transfer inside human body vessels. CONCLUSIONS: Any treatment by balloon angioplasty, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, and serum injection, which changes the behavior of blood flow inside body veins, can be effective on blood flow temperature.

Analysis and manegement of laminar blood flow inside a cerebral blood vessel using a finite volume software program for biomedical engineering.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Hemodynamic blood flow analysis in the cerebrovascular is has become one of the important research topics in the bio-mechanic in recent decades. The primary duty of the cerebral blood vessel is supplying Glucose and oxygen for the brain. METHODS: In this investigation, the non-Newtonian blood flow in the cerebral blood vessels studied. For modeling the geometry of this problem, we used Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) approach to take Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) images and using an open-source software package to construct the geometry, which is a complicated one. The power-law indexes, heat flux, and Reynolds number range in the investigation are 0.6 ≤ n ≤ 0.8, 5 ≤ q ≤ 15Wm-2 and 160≤Re≤310. Effects of Reynolds number, power-law indexes and heat fluxes are investigated. RESULTS: We found that the pressure drop increase with increasing the Reynolds number and power-law index. The maximum Nusselt number in the cerebral blood vessels accrued in the running position of the body in n = 0.8. Also, the highest average wall shear stress occurs in maximum power-law indexes and Reynolds number. CONCLUSION: By increasing the power-law index and Reynolds number, the wall shear stress increases.

[Rapid determination of fatty acids in soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] by FT-near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy].

Current breeding programs dealing with fatty acid (FA) concentrations in soybean [Glycine max (L. ) Merr.] require large numbers for gas chromatographic analyses, thus it is important to develop a method for rapid determination of fatty acid by Near-Infrared Reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) in soybeans. The objective of this work was to study the potential of fourier-transform near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (FT-NIRS) to estimate the fatty acid concentrations in Chinese soybean varieties. One hundred and eight of soybean cultivars or lines (the calibration set: 64; the external validation set: 44) were scanned within 4000-12500 cm(-1) of wavenumbers using a standard sample cup by NIRS machinery, and analyzed the fatty acids by gas chromatograph (GC) methods. Equations were developed using partial least squares (PLS) regression and cross validation for multivariate calibration in this study. The optimal spectral region was selected from 6101.9 to 5446.5 cm(-1) based on the OPUS 5.0 software. Cross validation results showed that major FA components such as oleic acid (R2(CV) = 0.94), linoleic acid (R2(CV) = 0.87), linolenic acid (R2(CV) = 0.85), and total saturates (R2(CV) = 0.88) were accurately determined by the proposed equations as compared with the reference data obtained by the GC method. External validation results also demonstrated that equation for oleic acid had the highest predictive ability R(2)val = 0.91), root mean square error of predication (RMSEP) value was 2.47 g x kg(-1) dry weight, the ratios of RMSEP to the standard deviation (SD) was 0.29, which was usable for quality assurance application. Moreover, equations for palmitic acid, stearic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and total saturates were predicted with the determination coefficients ranging from 0.66 to 0.76, RMSEP values from 0.37 to 2.74 g x kg(-1) dry weight, and RMSEP/SD values from 0.47 to 0.53, which could be used for sample screening. Therefore, we confirmed that a reliable estimation of the major fatty acid components is possible by using NIRS technique in soybeans.