Pathogenesis and surgical outcomes of different types of myopic traction maculopathy / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To explore the pathogenesis and surgical outcomes of different types of myopic traction maculopathy(MTM)using optical coherence tomography(OCT).METHODS: A total of 193 patients(210 eyes)with MTM were retrospectively included, of which 74 eyes(35.2%)underwent vitrectomy combined with internal limiting membrane(ILM)peeling. The patients were categorized into three groups: foveal detachment(FD), foveoschisis(FS)and lamellar macular hole(LMH). Based on the central foveal thickness(CFT)at baseline(M0), eyes with FD were classified into two subgroups: extensive FD and limited FD. Outcomes included best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA), CFT, posterior staphyloma height(PSH), the presence of epiretinal membrane(ERM)and ILM detachment. Risk factors for BCVA at 6mo after vitrectomy(M6)were analyzed using linear regression.RESULTS: At M0, ERM was highly present in eyes with LMH(rs=0.28, P<0.001). Eyes with FD and FS were characterized by higher incidence of ILM detachment(rs=-0.25, P<0.001). After vitrectomy, CFT and BCVA significantly improved in all eyes(P<0.001). Eyes with extensive FD were characterized by a thicker CFT(rs=0.56, P<0.001), a lower incidence of ILM detachment(rs=-0.25, P=0.034)and a thicker nasal PSH(rs=0.27, P=0.024)than eyes with limited FD. Eyes with extensive FD were associated with a worse BCVA at M0(P=0.013)and M6(P=0.030)than eyes with limited FD. Extensive FD(β=-0.295, P=0.042)and BCVA at M0(β=0.669, P<0.001)were risk factors for a worse BCVA at M6.CONCLUSION: There are several pathogenetic mechanisms in MTM. ILM detachment may exert a dominant role in the development of FD and FS, while ERM may have a role in LMH. Vitrectomy combined with ILM peeling improved functional and anatomical outcomes in MTM patients. Eyes with extensive FD may carry a poor prognosis.

Long non-coding RNA UCA1 regulates the expression of Snail2 by miR-203 to promote hepatocellular carcinoma progression.

PURPOSE: Long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) urothelial carcinoma-associated 1 (UCA1) is reported to be dysregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression. However, the functions of UCA1 in HCC still need further study. The aim is to detect the role of UCA1 involving in HCC cells proliferation and invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). METHODS: The quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect the UCA1 and miR-203 expression levels in 60 cases' HCC tissues and adjacent normal tissues. Western blotting analysis was performed to detect the EMT markers E-cadherin, Vimentin and transcription factor Snail1, Snail2 expression. Luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and pull-down assays were used to evaluate whether miR-203 was a target of UCA1. RESULTS: Our results showed that UCA1 was markedly upregulated in HCC tissues and higher UCA1 expression in HCC was positively associated with tumor size, vascular invasion and American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage (P < 0.05). Furthermore, gain-of-function and loss-of-function analysis showed that UCA1 knockdown inhibited HCC cells proliferation and invasion in vitro and xenograft tumour growth in vivo. Moreover, UCA1 overexpression promoted cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in HCC via effectively sponging to miR-203 and thereby activating the expression of transcription factor Snail2. CONCLUSIONS: Our results identified that UCA1/miR-203/Snail2 pathway might involve in HCC progression. Inhibition of UCA1 acted as a promising therapeutic target for HCC patients.

Prognostic significance of long non-coding RNA PCAT-1 expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play widespread roles in gene regulation and cellular processes. However, the functional roles of lncRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are not yet well elucidated. The aim of the present study was to measure the levels of lncRNA PCAT-1 expression in HCC and evaluate its clinical significance in the development and progression of HCC. METHODS: We examined the expression of PCAT-1 in 117 HCC tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues using quantitative real-time-PCR and analyzed its correlation with the clinical parameters. RESULTS: Our data showed that PCAT-1 expression in HCC tissues was significantly increased compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues (P<0.05). Up-regulated expression of PCAT-1 was significantly associated with TNM stage and metastasis (P<0.05), but not other clinical parameters. Moreover, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that a high expression level of PCAT-1 resulted in a significantly poor overall survival of HCC patients. The multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that PCAT-1 expression level was an independent prognostic factor for the overall survival rate of HCC patients. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggested that the increased expression of PCAT-1 was associated with advanced clinical parameters and poor overall survival of HCC patients, indicating that PCAT-1 up-regulation may serve as a novel biomarker of poor prognosis in HCC patients.

Matrix Metalloproteinase 14 Overexpression Is Correlated with the Progression and Poor Prognosis of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Matrix metalloproteinase 14 (MMP14) has been identified to play a significant role in several types of cancers, but little is known about the significance of MMP14 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients. The aim of this study was to explore the association of MMP14 expression with clinicopathologic features and prognosis in NPC. METHODS: MMP14 mRNA and protein expressions were examined in NPC and nasopharyngeal tissues through real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. Meanwhile, the relationship of MMP14 expression levels with clinical features and prognosis of NPC patients was analyzed. RESULTS: MMP14 mRNA expression was markedly higher in NPC tissues than in nasopharyngeal epithelium tissues (p = 0.002). Using immunohistochemistry, staining for MMP14 protein was found in the normal nasopharyngeal epithelial cells and malignant epithelial cells, but increased expression of MMP14 was observed in NPC samples compared with normal nasopharyngeal epithelium samples (p = 0.027). In addition, high levels of MMP14 protein were positively correlated with the status of clinical stage (p = 0.009), N classification (p = 0.006), and distant metastasis (p = 0.005) of NPC patients. Patients with higher MMP14 expression had a significantly shorter overall survival time than did patients with low MMP14 expression. Multivariate analysis indicated that the level of MMP14 expression was an independent prognostic indicator (p < 0.001) for the survival of patients with NPC. CONCLUSIONS: MMP14 overexpression is a potentially unfavorable prognostic factor for NPC patients.

Upregulation of the long noncoding RNA HOTAIR predicts recurrence in stage Ta/T1 bladder cancer.

Stage Ta/T1 urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (Ta/T1 BC) has a marked tendency to recurrence. Long noncoding RNA HOTAIR has been reported to be expressed in some human cancers such as breast cancer, and it may be positively correlated with patient's prognosis. The aim of our study was to evaluate the prognostic value of HOTAIR in Ta/T1 BC. HOTAIR expression in Ta/T1 BC tissues and adjacent normal tissues was collected from 110 patients and measured by real-time quantitative PCR. The relationships between HOTAIR and the clinical pathological characteristics of Ta/T1 BC patients were analyzed. Immunohistochemistry was done to detect the protein of Wnt inhibitory factor 1 (WIF-1) as well. Ninety out of 110 specimens were detected in HOTAIR high expression. Histological grade and expression levels of HOTAIR were positively correlated with the recurrence rate. HOTAIR expression (hazard ratio 4.712; 95 % CI 2.894-8.714; P < 0.001) was an independent predictor of recurrence rate in multivariate Cox regression analysis. HOTAIR expression is correlated with patients' poor prognosis. A significant inverse correlation between HOTAIR and WIF-1 expression was demonstrated in Ta/T1 BC tissues. The expression levels of HOTAIR are an independent prognostic factor of recurrence in Ta/T1 BC patients.