Prevalence, risk factors and recognition rates of depressive disorders among inpatients of tertiary general hospitals in Shanghai, China.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence, risk factors and recognition rates of depressive disorders among inpatients of tertiary general hospitals in Shanghai, China. METHODS: A total of 784 inpatients were randomly selected from three tertiary general hospitals and evaluated with a Chinese version of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview 5.0 by ten trained psychiatrists. A questionnaire, containing socio-demographic and clinical data, and a social support scale were also administered to subjects during the course of the clinical interview. Logistic regression was used to identify factors that were associated with depression. RESULTS: The current prevalence rates (95% confidence intervals) of any depressive disorder and major depressive disorder (MDD) were found to be 13.1% (10.7%-15.5%) and 6.9% (5.1%-8.7%), respectively. The risk factors for depression included poor marital status, living alone or with others, lack of medical insurance, poor or very poor self-rated physical health, hospitalization in the internal medicine department, and a subjective support score ≤23. Only 18.5% of the patients with current MDD were detected. CONCLUSION: Depression, especially MDD, has been a major mental health problem for Chinese tertiary general hospitals. There is an urgent need for the development of efficacious hospital-based consultation-liaison psychiatry programs aimed at improving Chinese physicians' recognition and ability to manage inpatient depression.

[Effects of nutritional education on improvement of nutritional knowledge of infant's mothers in rural area in China].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of young children's mothers on infant feeding and to evaluate the effects of nutritional education in the rural areas. METHODS: A cluster sampling method was used to select the local health station. Five hundred and fifteen mothers, who had infants with age of 4 - 6 months, were recruited for the questionnaire survey on the nutritional knowledge in rural areas of Tianjin municipality. The mothers were randomly divided into intervention group I (160), intervention group II (180) and control group (175). The mothers in the intervention group I were educated with feeding guideline on infants and young children and had had Group lectures and advisory from experts about maternal and child nutrition for teaching them how to feed their children; while, the mothers in the intervention group II were trained with feeding guideline on infants and young children by themselves; and the mothers in the control group received routine guidance at the local health station. The follow-up evaluation on nutritional knowledge of the mothers in each group was carried out after 3 and 6 months intervention, respectively. RESULTS: The educational background had significant effect on KAP scores: KAP scores of the mothers with primary education or less (8.3 +/- 2.2) were significantly lower than that of the mothers educated with high school (9.4 +/- 1.6) and university (9.6 +/- 1.8) (LSD t = 3.70, P < 0.001). After being educated with feeding guideline on infants and young children, the knowledge of infant's mothers was greatly improved and KAP scores of the mothers after intervention were higher than that of the baseline (F = 183.556, P = 0.006); the percentage of correct answer on nutrition knowledge in the intervention groups was significantly higher than that of the control group. At six months of intervention, the KAP scores of intervention group I (12.0) and intervention group II (11.6) were higher than that of the control group (10.5) (LSD t = 5.96, P < 0.001; LSD t = 4.25, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Providing nutritional and health education to the infant's mothers should be helpful for improving infant's feeding pattern and ensuring the adequate growth and development of infants.