Distribution of bacteria infected by metagenomic sequencing technology in maxillofacial space / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#This study aimed to compare and analyze the consistency and difference between metageno-mic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) and conventional bacterial culture in the detection of pathogenic microorganisms in maxillofacial space infection, as well as to provide a new detection method for the early clinical identification of pathogenic bacteria in maxillofacial space infection.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 16 patients with oral and maxillofacial space infections in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from March 2020 to June 2020 were collected. mNGS and conventional bacterial culture methods were used to detect pus. We then analyzed and compared the test results of the two methods, including the test cycle, positive detection rate, anaerobic bacteria, facultative anaerobes and aerobic bacteria detection rates, distribution of pathogenic bacteria, relative species abundance, and resistance genes.@*RESULTS@#The average inspection period of mNGS was (18.81±3.73) h, and the average inspection period of bacterial culture was (83.25±11.64) h, the former was shorter than the latter (@*CONCLUSIONS@#Compared with conventional bacterial culture, mNGS has the characteristics of short test time, high sensitivity, and high accuracy. Thus, it is a new detection method for the early identification of pathogenic bacteria in maxillofacial space infection and is beneficial to the early clinical diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

Effects of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor on Opsonin Receptor Expression and Neutrophil Antibacterial Activity in a Mouse Model of Severe Acute Pancreatitis.

The antimicrobial function of neutrophils, which is dependent on opsonin receptors, deteriorates in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) putatively enhanced levels of the opsonin receptors CD11b and CD32/16 in healthy human subjects, and provided protection against infection in animal models of SAP. A statistically convincing study of the effect of G-CSF on CD32/16 expression in an SAP model is lacking. We used a mouse model of SAP to investigate the association between G-CSF administration and CD32/16 levels on neutrophils and bacterial translocation. G-CSF or saline was subcutaneously injected into SAP-induced mice. The pancreases were histologically examined, and leukocytes were stained to count neutrophils. The expression of CD11b and CD32/16 on neutrophils was measured by flow cytometry, and bacterial translocation was observed by bacterial culture. The numbers of CD11b and CD32/16-positive neutrophils were significantly elevated in the SAP mice treated with G-CSF, and the mean fluorescence intensities of these receptors on neutrophils were significantly elevated. Bacterial translocations to cavity organs were suppressed from 17% to 6% by G-CSF treatment. Our results indicated that the number of neutrophils significantly increased with increasing expression of CD11b and CD32/16 and their mean fluorescence intensities (MFIs). This inhibited bacterial translocation to other organs. These results are in accord with other studies in SAP dogs and SAP mice. Our findings suggest that G-CSF was effective in protecting against bacterial infection in SAP mice.

Effects of diallyl disulfide on apoptosis of human leukemia K562 cells and expression of Fas, FasL and caspase-8 / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of diallyl disulfide (DADS) on apoptosis of human leukemia K562 cells and possible mechanisms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The morphologic changes of leukemia K562 cells after DADS treatment were observed by Hoechst 33258 staining. Cell apoptosis rates after different concentrations and different durations of DADS treatment were determined by flow cytometry. Fas, FasL and caspase-8 mRNA expression was estimated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) 48 hrs after DADS treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The characteristics of apoptosis in K562 cells induced by DADS were observed. After 24 hrs of DADS treatment, the apoptosis rate of K562 cells increased from (11.60 ± 0.83)% at the concentration of 10 mg/L to (37.94 ± 0.87)% at the concentration of 40 mg/L. The apoptosis rate of K562 cells increased after 40 mg/L DADS with the increasing time from (37.94 ± 0.87)% (24 hrs) to (47.02 ± 0.66)% (72 hrs). Expression of Fas and caspase-8 mRNA increased, while FasL mRNA expression decreased significantly 48 hrs after DADS treatment compared with the control group (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>DADS can induce apoptosis of human leukemia K562 cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, possibly through increasing Fas and caspase-8 expression and decreasing FasL expression.</p>

Mechanism of Fas/FasL signal transduction pathway in K562 cell apoptosis induced by diallyl disulfide / 中国实验血液学杂志

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of diallyl disulfide (DADS) on the apoptosis of K562 cells and to explore the mechanism of K562 apoptosis induced by DADS. The K562 cells were treated with different concentrations of DADS for 24, 48 and 72 hours. The concentrations of DADS were as follows: 0 (control group), 10, 20, 40 and 80 mg/L. The morphologic changes of leukemia K562 cells treated with DADS were observed by Hoechst33 258 staining. The apoptosis of K562 cells treated with different concentrations of DADS for 24, 48 and 72 hours was analyzed by flow cytometry. The mRNA expression changes of Fas and FasL were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) after K562 cells were treated with different concentrations of DADS for 48 hours. The results indicated that the characteristics of apoptosis in K562 cells induced by DADS were as follows: reduction of nucleus, chromatin condensation and nuclear membrane rupture. The flow cytometry with PI straining showed that after 24 hours of DADS treatment the apoptosis rate of K562 cells increased from 11.60 ± 0.83% at the concentration of 10 mg/L to 37.94 ± 0.87% at the concentration of 40 mg/L. The apoptosis rate of K562 cells increased from 37.94 ± 0.87% (24 hours) to 47.02 ± 0.66% (72 hours) after treatment with DADS of 10 mg/L increasing to 40 mg/L DADS. The Fas mRNA expression levels of the related apoptotic genes increased after K562 cells were treated with different concentrations of DADS for 48 hours, while FasL mRNA expression decreased significantly after DADS treatment for 48 hours, compared with those in the control group (p < 0.05). It is concluded that DADS can induce the apoptosis of human leukemia K562 cells in a time-and concentration-dependent manners. The activation of Fas/FasL pathway may play an important role in the K562 cell apoptosis induced by DADS, which is associated with increasing Fas gene expression and decreasing FasL gene expression.