ABSTRACT
This article describes the use of tooth transplantation and orthodontic tooth alignment in patients with cleft lip and palate. Due to bone defects in the maxilla, the congenital absence of teeth, especially lateral incisors, is frequently observed in patients with cleft lip and palate. As compared with orthodontic space closure or prosthodontic treatment, tooth transplantation has several advantages, including induction of alveolar growth potential during adolescence. In this study, two cleft lip and palate patients with congenitally missing teeth were treated successfully by tooth transplantation followed by orthodontic treatment. Our results show that tooth transplantation is a viable alternative to other treatments for patients with cleft lip and palate accompanied by congenitally missing teeth.
Subject(s)
Autografts/transplantation , Cleft Lip/surgery , Cleft Palate/surgery , Orthodontics, Corrective/methods , Tooth/transplantation , Alveolar Process/growth & development , Anodontia/surgery , Bicuspid/transplantation , Bone Transplantation/methods , Child , Child, Preschool , Dental Prosthesis , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Malocclusion, Angle Class I/therapy , Orthodontic Space Closure , Palatal Expansion Technique/instrumentation , Tooth Movement Techniques/methodsABSTRACT
This case report describes an adolescent patient with an open bite and severely narrowed maxillary dentition and hypertrophic palatine tonsils, treated efficiently with rapid maxillary expansion (RME) and subsequent orthodontic tooth alignment using fixed appliances. The treatment demonstrates that RME can be effective for the correction of a severely narrowed maxillary arch, as well as, in this case, the correction of an anterior open bite in an adolescent patient where no substantial vertical skeletal discrepancy existed.
Subject(s)
Dental Arch/pathology , Maxilla/pathology , Open Bite/therapy , Palatine Tonsil/pathology , Adolescent , Cephalometry , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Hypertrophy , Malocclusion, Angle Class II/therapy , Orthodontic Appliance Design , Palatal Expansion Technique/instrumentation , Patient Care Planning , Tooth Movement Techniques/instrumentation , Tooth Movement Techniques/methodsABSTRACT
Hyaluronan (HA) exists in various living tissues as one of the major matrix macromolecules, and is well known to play an integral role in cell differentiation and proliferation. The present study was conducted to elucidate whether or not the proliferation of periodontal ligament (PDL) cells are affected specifically by the degradation of HA by hyaluronidasze (HAase). Human PDL fibroblasts were isolated and cultured with and without 15-150U/ml bovine testicular HAase from 1 to 11 days after seeding. The cells were also cultured with anti-CD44 antibody of 2 microg/ml. For the control against the anti-CD44 antibody treatment, 2 microg/ml IgG was used. The HA-dependent pericellular matrix was visualized by particle-exclusion assay. The number of cells was counted by MTT assay during the proliferation. The mRNA levels of HA synthases (HASs), HAases (HYALs) and CD44s were examined by a quantitative real-time PCR analysis. The cell proliferation was inhibited by the treatment with HAase and anti-CD44 antibody in cultured PDL fibroblasts. HASs mRNAs were down-regulated, whereas HYALs mRNAs were up-regulated significantly by the treatment with HAase and anti-CD44 antibody. The CD44s mRNA level exhibited no significant changes. These results suggest that HA may contribute to modulate the proliferation of cultured human PDL cells through a CD44-mediated mechanism.
Subject(s)
Hyaluronoglucosaminidase/pharmacology , Periodontal Ligament/drug effects , Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism , Binding, Competitive , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Cells, Cultured , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Fibroblasts/cytology , Fibroblasts/drug effects , Fibroblasts/metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects , Glucuronosyltransferase/biosynthesis , Glucuronosyltransferase/genetics , Humans , Hyaluronan Receptors/biosynthesis , Hyaluronan Receptors/genetics , Hyaluronan Receptors/immunology , Hyaluronan Synthases , Hyaluronoglucosaminidase/biosynthesis , Hyaluronoglucosaminidase/genetics , Periodontal Ligament/cytology , Periodontal Ligament/metabolism , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , RNA, Messenger/geneticsABSTRACT
Hyaluronan (HA) is a major component of the extracellular matrix of cartilage, contributes to its structural and functional integrity, and has various important roles in the differentiation of chondrocytes. HA metabolism is regulated by both anabolic and catabolic processes; however, the details have not yet been clarified. The purpose of this study was to clarify the expression patterns of hyaluronidase (HAase) mRNAs (from the relevant HAase genes: the HYALs) and HAase activity during chondrocyte differentiation. Cartilage tissue and growth plate chondrocytes were isolated from the ribs of 4-week-old male Japanese rabbits. The expression of HYAL mRNAs in cartilage was analyzed by in situ hybridization. The expression levels of HYAL mRNAs in the culture were analyzed for each of the chondrocyte differentiation stages by means of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Enzymatic activity in the conditioned medium from the cultures was examined by using HA zymography and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent-like assay. The expression levels of HYAL1 and HYAL2 mRNAs were enhanced about 2.8-fold and 3.2-fold at the maximum during the early matrix forming stage, respectively, and by about 3.2-fold and 2.0-fold at the maximum in the hypertrophic stage, respectively. HYAL3 mRNA was not detected throughout the experimental period. HAase activity was enhanced at the early matrix forming and hypertrophic stages. These results suggest that selective expression of HYALs is essential for extracellular HA metabolism during chondrocyte differentiation.
