Effect of kinesio-taping on the acute phase of the post-operative reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament: A randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES: Evaluate the Kinesio taping (KT) effects on reducing pain and edema on postoperative (PO) after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. DESIGN: Controlled and randomized clinical study. SETTINGS: Individuals of both sexes, aged 18-45, underwent ACL reconstruction were randomized into intervention (IG; n = 19) and control (CG; n = 19) groups. METHODS: Intervention consisted of KT bandage applications at hospital discharge for seven days, and on the 7th PO day, which was removed on the 14th PO. CG received specific instructions from the physiotherapy service. All volunteers were evaluations before and immediately after surgery, on the 7th and 14th PO day. Pain threshold (KgF), evaluated by algometer; edema (cm), evaluated by the perimetry measurements and volume of the lower limbs and the truncated cone test (ml) were the evaluated variables. The Student's t-test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to evaluate intergroup, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Dunnett's test to evaluate intragroup. RESULTS: Edema reduction and increased nociceptive threshold were significant in the 7th (p < 0.001; p = 0.003) and 14th (p < 0.001; p = 0.006) PO day in IG when compared to CG patients. IG perimetry levels, on the 7th and 14th PO were similar to preoperative period (p = 0.229; p = 1.000). IG nociceptive threshold value was similar on the 14th PO to before the surgery (p = 0.987). The same pattern did not occur in CG. CONCLUSION: KT treatment reduced edema and increased nociceptive threshold in the 7th and 14th PO ACL reconstruction.

Effects of latex membrane on guided regeneration of long bones.

Natural latex extracted from Hevea brasiliensis is one of the materials pointed out as potential tissue regenerators. The use of latex-based membranes in bone regeneration might be an alternative to stimulate bone formation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of latex membranes in guided bone regeneration of defects produced in long bones of rats. Sixty rats were equally divided into latex and control groups, and each group was subdivided into two subgroups according to treatment duration of 1 and 4 weeks. Bone defects with 2.5 mm in diameter were surgically made in the left tibia. In the animals of the latex group, a latex membrane was placed over the bone defect. The samples underwent quantitative histological analysis of bone formation and collagen matrix, immunohistochemical analysis of osteogenic protein markers, assessment of bone mechanical properties and bone densitometry, and radiological assessment. The osteocalcin immunostaining data were submitted to the generalized linear model test with two independent factors. For the other data, the multivariate ANOVA with two independent factors was performed. The use of the latex membrane significantly improved (p < 0.005) the volume of newly formed bone, collagen type I matrix, expression of osteopontin, and bone stiffness, both in the early and late stages of regeneration. In conclusion, the latex membrane was able to promote bone regeneration in long bones.

Effects of simvastatin associated with exercise on the mechanical resistance of muscle and bone in rats.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of simvastatin on mechanical properties of muscle and bone in hypercholesterolemic rats submitted to physical exercise. METHODS: Ten male Wistar rats were submitted to a high-fat diet rich in cholesterol for 90 days. The animals were then divided into two groups: animals treated with physical exercise (EG) and animals treated with physical exercise and simvastatin (ESG). Protocols for physical exercise in water and simvastatin administration were performed for eight weeks. After this period, the animals were euthanized; the left tibia and right gastrocnemius muscle were dissected for mechanical analysis, and the right tibia for densitometry. The data were analyzed using Student's t-test, considering a level of significance of 5%. RESULTS: The comparison of maximum load and stiffness revealed no significant differences between the groups for both the tibia (p = 0.851 and p = 0.259) and the gastrocnemius (p = 0.911 and p = 0.083). The tibia BMD also showed no significant difference between the groups (p = 0.803). CONCLUSION: Simvastatin had no negative effects on mechanical properties in tibia and gastrocnemius of hypercholesterolemic rats submitted to physical exercise.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a influência da sinvastatina nas propriedades mecânicas de ossos e músculos de ratos hipercolesterolêmicos submetidos a exercício físico. MÉTODOS: Foram usados dez ratos machos da raça Wistar, submetidos a dieta hiperlipídica rica em colesterol por 90 dias. Os animais foram então distribuídos em dois grupos: submetidos a tratamento com exercício físico (GE) e submetidos a tratamento com exercício físico e sinvastatina (GE + S). Foi aplicado um protocolo de exercício físico na água e administração de sinvastatina por oito semanas. Após esse período, os animais foram eutanasiados e dissecados a tíbia esquerda e o músculo gastrocnêmio direito de cada animal para análise mecânica e a tíbia direita para densitometria. Para análise dos dados foi aplicado o teste t de Student, considerou-se nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: A comparação da força máxima e rigidez não revelou diferença significativa entre os grupos tanto para a tíbia (p = 0,851 e p = 0,259) quanto para o músculo gastrocnêmio (p = 0,911 e p = 0,083). A DMO das tíbias também não apresentou diferença significativa entre os grupos (p = 0,803). CONCLUSÃO: A sinvastatina não teve efeitos deletérios nas propriedades mecânicas da tíbia e do músculo gastrocnêmio de ratos hipercolesterolêmicos submetidos a exercício físico aeróbio.

Effects of simvastatin associated with exercise on the mechanical resistance of muscle and bone in rats / Efeitos da sinvastatina associada ao exercício físico na resistência mecânica de músculos e ossos de ratos

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of simvastatin on mechanical properties of muscle and bone in hypercholesterolemic rats submitted to physical exercise. Methods: Ten male Wistar rats were submitted to a high-fat diet rich in cholesterol for 90 days. The animals were then divided into two groups: animals treated with physical exercise (EG) and animals treated with physical exercise and simvastatin (ESG). Protocols for physical exercise in water and simvastatin administration were performed for eight weeks. After this period, the animals were euthanized; the left tibia and right gastrocnemius muscle were dissected for mechanical analysis, and the right tibia for densitometry. The data were analyzed using Student's t-test, considering a level of significance of 5%. Results: The comparison of maximum load and stiffness revealed no significant differences between the groups for both the tibia (p = 0.851 and p = 0.259) and the gastrocnemius (p = 0.911 and p = 0.083). The tibia BMD also showed no significant difference between the groups (p = 0.803). Conclusion: Simvastatin had no negative effects on mechanical properties in tibia and gastrocnemius of hypercholesterolemic rats submitted to physical exercise.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a influência da sinvastatina nas propriedades mecânicas de ossos e músculos de ratos hipercolesterolêmicos submetidos a exercício físico. Métodos: Foram usados dez ratos machos da raça Wistar, submetidos a dieta hiperlipídica rica em colesterol por 90 dias. Os animais foram então distribuídos em dois grupos: submetidos a tratamento com exercício físico (GE) e submetidos a tratamento com exercício físico e sinvastatina (GE+S). Foi aplicado um protocolo de exercício físico na água e administração de sinvastatina por oito semanas. Após esse período, os animais foram eutanasiados e dissecados a tíbia esquerda e o músculo gastrocnêmio direito de cada animal para análise mecânica e a tíbia direita para densitometria. Para análise dos dados foi aplicado o teste t de Student, considerou-se nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: A comparação da força máxima e rigidez não revelou diferença significativa entre os grupos tanto para a tíbia (p = 0,851 e p = 0,259) quanto para o músculo gastrocnêmio (p = 0,911 e p = 0,083). A DMO das tíbias também não apresentou diferença significativa entre os grupos (p = 0,803). Conclusão: A sinvastatina não teve efeitos deletérios nas propriedades mecânicas da tíbia e do músculo gastrocnêmio de ratos hipercolesterolêmicos submetidos a exercício físico aeróbio.

A high-fat diet can affect bone healing in growing rats.

A high-fat diet (HFD) can have a negative effect on bone quality in young and old people. Although bone healing in children is normally efficient, there is no evidence that children who have a diet rich in fat have compromised bone fracture regeneration compared with children with recommended dietary fat levels. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of an HFD on bone healing in growing female rats. Twenty-six postweaning female Wistar rats were divided into two groups (13 animals per group): a standard diet (SD) group and an HFD (with 60% of energy from fat) group. The rats received the assigned diets for 5 weeks, and in the third week they were submitted to an osteotomy procedure of the left tibia. Body mass and feed intake were recorded during the experiment. One day before euthanasia, an insulin tolerance test was performed. After euthanasia, the tibiae were removed and analyzed by densitometry, mechanical testing, histomorphometry, stereology and immunohistochemistry. An HFD caused an adaptive response to maintain energetic balance by decreasing feed intake and causing insulin insensitivity. There was no change in bone mineral density, collagen amount and immunostaining for bone formation, but maximal load and stiffness were decreased in the HFD group. In addition, bone volume had a tendency to be higher in the SD group than in the HFD group. Compared with rats receiving an SD, growing rats receiving an HFD for 5 weeks had similar bone mineral density but altered mechanical properties at the osteotomy defect site.

Effect of treatment with simvastatin on bone microarchitecture of the femoral head in an osteoporosis animal model.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the microarchitecture and trabecular bone strength at the distal region of the femur, and its biomechanical properties with simvastatin administration with two different doses in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Ninety rats were divided into six groups to evaluate treatment with the simvastatin drug (n = 15): SH (Sham surgery), SH-5 (5 mg simvastatin), SH-20 (20 mg simvastatin), OVX, OVX-5, and OVX-20. Euthanasia was performed at three different times, five animals per period: 7, 14, and 28 days. The effectiveness of the treatments was evaluated by mechanical testing and histomorphometric analysis of the femurs. The results of analysis by the linear model of mixed effects showed 20 mg of simvastatin results in increased trabecular bone after 14 days (P = 0.039) of ingestion in ovariectomized animals. However, ingestion of 5 mg of simvastatin is able to sensitize the trabecular bone only at 28 days (P = 0.005) of ingestion. In the mechanical tests stiffness improves within 28 days (P = 0.003). Regarding maximum strength, no statistical differences were observed. According to these results, it can be concluded that for a decrease in oral intake, longer treatment times are required. Microsc. Res. Tech. 79:684-690, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Effects of long-term administration of omeprazole on bone mineral density and the mechanical properties of the bone.

OBJECTIVES: Epidemiological studies have shown a relationship between long-term use of proton pump inhibitors and bone metabolism. However, this relationship has not yet become established. The aim of the present study was to analyze the mechanical properties and bone mineral density (BMD) of rats that were subjected to long-term omeprazole use. METHODS: Fifty Wistar rats weighing between 200 and 240 g were divided equally into five groups: OMP300 (omeprazole intake at a dose of 300 µmoL/kg/day); OMP200 (200 µmoL/kg/day); OMP40 (40 µmoL/kg/day); OMP10 (10 µmoL/kg/day); and Cont (control group; intake of dilution vehicle). The solutions were administered for 90 consecutive days. After the rats had been sacrificed, their BMD, the mechanical properties of the dissected femurs and their serum Ca++ levels were analyzed. RESULTS: The BMD of the OMP300 group was lower than that of the controls (p = 0.006). There was no difference on comparing the OMP200, OMP40 and OMP10 groups with the controls. The maximum strength and rigidity of the femur did not differ in the experimental groups in comparison with the controls. The OMP300 group had a statistically lower serum Ca++ concentration than that of the controls (p = 0.049), but the other groups did not show any difference in relation to the controls. CONCLUSION: Daily intake of 300 µmoL/kg/day of omeprazole decreased the BMD of the femur, but without changes to the rigidity and strength of the femur in adult rats.

OBJETIVOS: Estudos epidemiológicos mostram uma relação entre o uso em longo prazo de inibidores de bomba de prótons e o metabolismo ósseo, porém essa relação ainda não está estabelecida. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as propriedade mecânicas e a densidade mineral óssea (DMO) de ratos submetidos ao uso de omeprazol em longo prazo. MÉTODOS: Cinquenta ratos Wistar, entre 200 e 240 g, foram divididos igualmente em cinco grupos: OMP300 (ingestão de omeprazol na dose de 300 µmoL/Kg/dia), OMP200 (200 µmoL/Kg/dia), OMP40 (40 µmoL/Kg/dia), OMP10 (10 µmoL/Kg/dia) e Cont (grupo controle; ingestão do veículo de diluição). A administração das soluções ocorreu durante 90 dias seguidos. Após a eutanásia, foram analisadas a DMO, as propriedades mecânicas dos fêmures dissecados e a dosagem de Ca++ sérico. RESULTADOS: A DMO do grupo OMP300 foi menor do que a do Cont (p = 0,006). Não houve diferença na comparação entre os grupos OMP200, OMP40 e OMP10 em relação ao Cont. A força máxima e rigidez do fêmur não foram diferentes nos grupos experimentais quando comparados ao Cont. O grupo OMP300 teve concentrações séricas de Ca++ estatisticamente menores do que o grupo Cont (p = 0,049) sem diferença entre os demais grupos em relação ao Cont. CONCLUSÃO: A ingestão diária de 300 µmoL/Kg/dia de omeprazol diminuiu a DMO do fêmur, porém sem alterações na rigidez e na força do fêmur de ratos adultos.

Effects of long-term administration of omeprazole on bone mineral density and the mechanical properties of the bone / Efeitos da administração em longo prazo do omeprazol sobre a densidade mineral óssea e as propriedades mecânicas do osso

OBJECTIVES: Epidemiological studies have shown a relationship between long-term use of proton pump inhibitors and bone metabolism. However, this relationship has not yet become established. The aim of the present study was to analyze the mechanical properties and bone mineral density (BMD) of rats that were subjected to long-term omeprazole use. METHODS: Fifty Wistar rats weighing between 200 and 240 g were divided equally into five groups: OMP300 (omeprazole intake at a dose of 300 µmoL/kg/day); OMP200 (200 µmoL/kg/day); OMP40 (40 µmoL/kg/day); OMP10 (10 µmoL/kg/day); and Cont (control group; intake of dilution vehicle). The solutions were administered for 90 consecutive days. After the rats had been sacrificed, their BMD, the mechanical properties of the dissected femurs and their serum Ca++ levels were analyzed. RESULTS: The BMD of the OMP300 group was lower than that of the controls (p = 0.006). There was no difference on comparing the OMP200, OMP40 and OMP10 groups with the controls. The maximum strength and rigidity of the femur did not differ in the experimental groups in comparison with the controls. The OMP300 group had a statistically lower serum Ca++ concentration than that of the controls (p = 0.049), but the other groups did not show any difference in relation to the controls. CONCLUSION: Daily intake of 300 µmoL/kg/day of omeprazole decreased the BMD of the femur, but without changes to the rigidity and strength of the femur in adult rats. .

OBJETIVOS: Estudos epidemiológicos mostram uma relação entre o uso em longo prazo de inibidores de bomba de prótons e o metabolismo ósseo, porém essa relação ainda não está estabelecida. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as propriedade mecânicas e a densidade mineral óssea (DMO) de ratos submetidos ao uso de omeprazol em longo prazo. MÉTODOS: Cinquenta ratos Wistar, entre 200 e 240 g, foram divididos igualmente em cinco grupos: OMP300 (ingestão de omeprazol na dose de 300 µmoL/Kg/dia), OMP200 (200 µmoL/Kg/dia), OMP40 (40 µmoL/Kg/dia), OMP10 (10 µmoL/Kg/dia) e Cont (grupo controle; ingestão do veículo de diluição). A administração das soluções ocorreu durante 90 dias seguidos. Após a eutanásia, foram analisadas a DMO, as propriedades mecânicas dos fêmures dissecados e a dosagem de Ca++ sérico. RESULTADOS: A DMO do grupo OMP300 foi menor do que a do Cont (p = 0,006). Não houve diferença na comparação entre os grupos OMP200, OMP40 e OMP10 em relação ao Cont. A força máxima e rigidez do fêmur não foram diferentes nos grupos experimentais quando comparados ao Cont. O grupo OMP300 teve concentrações séricas de Ca++ estatisticamente menores do que o grupo Cont (p = 0,049) sem diferença entre os demais grupos em relação ao Cont. CONCLUSÃO: A ingestão diária de 300 µmoL/Kg/dia de omeprazol diminuiu a DMO do fêmur, porém sem alterações na rigidez e na força do fêmur de ratos adultos. .