Ki67 and p53 in gastrointestinal stromal tumors--GIST.

CONTEXT: Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common mesenchymal tumor. Cellular proliferation and apoptosis is gaining importance for predicting prognosis in several cancers. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the Ki67 and p53 immunostaining in GISTs. METHODS: Specimens from 40 patients with GIST were assessed for immunohistochemical expression of Ki67 and p53. The tumors were divided according the risk of recurrence in two groups: I with high or intermediate risk and; II with low or very low risk. RESULTS: Among the 40 patients, 21 were men, the mean age was 56 years, 16 occurred in the small intestine and 13 in the stomach, 5 in the retroperitonium, 4 in the colon or rectum and 2 in the mesenterium. Thirty two tumors were from group I and 8 from group II. Half of the patients developed recurrence, being 90% of the group I (P = 0.114). The tumor Ki67 labelling index ranged from 0.02 to 0.35 (mean level 0.12). This index was marginally higher in the group I patients with recurrence (P = 0.09) compared to the patients of the same group without recurrence. p53 staining was expressed in 65% of the GISTs. A higher frequency of p53 and Ki67 had been found in the group I tumors when compared to the other group (P = 0.022; OR = 8.00 - IC 95%: 1.32-48.65). CONCLUSION: The most common site was the small intestine and 80% had a malignant potential justifying the high recurrence observed. No significant correlation was found between p53 and overall outcome of the patients. In group I patients, the evaluation Ki67LI may be a marker of prognosis. The positivity of both markers is higher among the patients with worst prognosis than in the others.

Ki67 and p53 in gastrointestinal stromal tumors - GIST / Ki67 and p53 em tumores estromais gastrointestinais - GIST

CONTEXT: Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common mesenchymal tumor. Cellular proliferation and apoptosis is gaining importance for predicting prognosis in several cancers. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the Ki67 and p53 immunostaining in GISTs. METHODS: Specimens from 40 patients with GIST were assessed for immunohistochemical expression of Ki67 and p53. The tumors were divided according the risk of recurrence in two groups: I with high or intermediate risk and; II with low or very low risk. RESULTS: Among the 40 patients, 21 were men, the mean age was 56 years, 16 occurred in the small intestine and 13 in the stomach, 5 in the retroperitonium, 4 in the colon or rectum and 2 in the mesenterium. Thirty two tumors were from group I and 8 from group II. Half of the patients developed recurrence, being 90 percent of the group I (P = 0.114). The tumor Ki67 labelling index ranged from 0.02 to 0.35 (mean level 0.12). This index was marginally higher in the group I patients with recurrence (P = 0.09) compared to the patients of the same group without recurrence. p53 staining was expressed in 65 percent of the GISTs. A higher frequency of p53 and Ki67 had been found in the group I tumors when compared to the other group (P = 0.022; OR = 8.00 - IC 95 percent: 1.32-48.65). CONCLUSION: The most common site was the small intestine and 80 percent had a malignant potential justifying the high recurrence observed. No significant correlation was found between p53 and overall outcome of the patients. In group I patients, the evaluation Ki67LI may be a marker of prognosis. The positivity of both markers is higher among the patients with worst prognosis than in the others.

CONTEXTO: Os tumores estromais gastrointestinais (GIST) são os tumores mesenquimais mais frequentes. A proliferação intestinal e a apoptose são cada vez mais importantes na avaliação do prognóstico de diversos cânceres. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a imunoexpressão de Ki67 e p53 em GIST. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados a expressão de Ki67 e p53 por imunoistoquimica em tumores de 40 pacientes com GIST. Os tumores foram divididos segundo o risco de recurrência em 2 grupos: I com risco alto ou intermediário e II com risco baixo ou muito baixo. RESULTADOS: Entre os 40 pacientes, 21 eram do sexo masculino, a idade média foi de 56 anos, 16 ocorreram no intestino delgado, 13 no estômago, 5 no retroperitônio, 4 no cólon e reto, e 2 no mesentério. Trinta e dois tumores foram classificados no grupo I e 8 no grupo II. Metade dos pacientes desenvolveu recurrência, sendo 90 por cento de cólon (P = 0,114). O índice de proliferação tumoral Ki67 variou entre 0,02 e 0,35 (média = 0,12). Este índice foi marginalmente superior nos tumores do grupo I com recurrência (P = 0,09), quando comparado aos do mesmo grupo sem recurrência. A expressão do p53 foi observada em 65 por cento dos GISTs. Nos tumores do grupo I foi observada com maior frequência, expressão de p53 e Ki67 (P = 0,022; OR = 8.00 - IC 95 por cento: 1,32-48,65). CONCLUSÃO: A localização mais comum foi no intestino delgado, 80 por cento tinham potencial maligno, justificando a alta recurrência encontrada. Não se observou correlação significante entre p53 e evolução dos pacientes. Nos pacientes do grupo I, a avaliação do KI67LI pode ser um marcador de prognóstico. A positividade dos dois marcadores é maior entre os pacientes de pior prognóstico.

Physically active elderly women sleep more and better than sedentary women.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The aging process leads to changes in sleep with a negative impact on the quality of life. Sleep is an important marker of quality of life and the relationship between physical exercise and sleep conditions has been the subject of various scientific studies, suggesting that the elderly who practice physical exercise present fewer sleeping problems. The purpose of this study was to compare the sleep of physically active and sedentary elderly women. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We included 101 elderly women, 53 practicing physical activity (PAG) and 48 sedentary (SG), matched for age, weight and height. All kept a sleep log and were asked to rate their sleep quality on a visual analog scale (VAS) daily for 30 days. RESULTS: Mean total sleep time (TST) was 7 h 12 min for PAG and 6 h 24 min for SG (p<.01). There were no differences for mean total nap time (TNT) and amount of naps (AN) between PAG and SG. Mean wake up after sleep onset (WASO) was 1h in the PAG and 2 h in the SG (p<.05). The mean perception of sleep quality was 8.3 for PAG and 5.8 for SG (p<.001). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that physically active women sleep more and better than sedentary women.

[Profile of opioid prescriptions for intubated and mechanically ventilated neonates]. / Perfil da indicação de analgésicos opióides em recém-nascidos em ventilação pulmonar mecânica.

OBJECTIVE: To identify factors that affect the decision of prescribing opioids for intubated and ventilated neonates. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Retrospective study of intubated and ventilated newborn infants for periods longer than one hour, admitted to the NICU from January 1995 to June 1997. During this period, 203 patients fulfilled inclusion criteria and data of 176 charts were reviewed. Charts were analyzed regarding demographic data, characteristics of analgesia and respiratory support, invasive procedures performed and clinical entities diagnosed during the period of mechanical ventilation. Discriminative analysis was used to understand factors that lead to opioid use by some of these patients. RESULTS: Ninety-seven neonates received at least one dose of opioids during the period of mechanical ventilation. None of these patients was evaluated with pain scales, and in 63% of them we could not retrieve any reason for opioid prescription in their charts. Discriminative analysis showed that the main differences between groups were birthweight, gestational age, oxygenation index at intubation, and number of arterial sticks during the first 72 hours of mechanical ventilation. The most mature and heaviest neonates with a more severe respiratory insufficiency received opioid analgesia during ventilation. CONCLUSION: The decision to use opioids in intubated and ventilated neonates was based on the infants' aspect and respiratory status. It did not consider the pain these patients might be suffering and it was not based on the evaluation of pain.

[Dietetic and anthropometric assessment in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis patients]. / Avaliações dietética e antropométrica em pacientes com artrite reumatóide juvenil.

OBJECTIVES: to evaluate the dietary intake and the anthropometry of children and adolescents with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis - JRA, considering the pauciarticular and the polyarticular types. METHODS: Evaluation of the dietary intake of calories and macronutrients by the Food Register method compared with the Recommended Dietary Allowances - RDA, and the anthropometric evaluation by the z score of the height-for-age relationship and body mass index. RESULTS: The pauciarticular or polyarticular type did not determine any difference in calories, carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids intake, being the total caloric value, in both groups, bellow recommendations. Low-stature was observed in patients of the 2 groups, while leanness and obesity status were found in patients of the polyarticular group. CONCLUSIONS: JRA patients, particularly of the polyarticular group, can present compromised nutritional status and growth, probably owing to an inadequate dietary intake and increased need of calories and specific nutrients, which occur during the periods of the disease's activity.

Avaliações dietética e antropométrica em pacientes com artrite reumatóide juvenil / Dietetic and anthropometric assessment in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis patients

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a ingestäo dietética e a antropometria em crianças e adolescentes com artrite reumatóide juvenil (ARJ), considerando os tipos pauci e poliarticular. MÉTODOS: Avaliaçäo da ingestäo dietética de calorias e macronutrientes pelo método do Registro Alimentar comparada com a Recommended Dietary Allowances - RDA e avaliaçäo antropométrica pelo score Z da relaçäo estatura para idade e pelo índice de massa corporal. RESULTADOS: O tipo pauci ou poliarticular näo determinou diferença na ingestäo de calorias, carboidratos, proteínas e de lipídios, estando o valor calórico total, em ambos os grupos, abaixo das recomendações. A baixa estatura foi observada em pacientes dos dois grupos, enquanto os estados de magreza e de obesidade foram verificados em pacientes do grupo poliarticular. CONCLUSÕES: Pacientes com ARJ, especialmente do grupo poliarticular, podem apresentar comprometimento do estado nutricional e do crescimento, provavelmente em funçäo da ingestäo dietética inadequada e do aumento da necessidade calórica e de nutrientes específicos que ocorre nos períodos de atividade da doença

Perfil da indicação de analgésicos opióides em recém-nascidos em ventilação pulmonar mecânica / Profile of opioid prescriptions for intubated and mechanically ventilated neonates

Objetivo: identificar fatores que levaram os médicos a prescreverem opióides a recém-nascidos em ventilação mecânica. Método: estudo retrospectivo de pacientes em ventilação mecânica por cânula traqueal, por mais de 1 hora, internados em UTI neonatal entre janeiro de 1995 ajunho de 1997. Nesse período, 203 recém-nascidos preencheram o critério de inclusão, recuperando-se 176 prontuários. Os prontuários foram analisados quanto a dados demográficos, características da analgesia e do suporte ventilatório, procedimentos invasivos realizados e entidades mórbidas diagnosticadas durante o período de ventilação. Para entender os fatores que determinaram o uso da analgesia em parte dessa população, utilizou-se a análise discriminante. Resultados: Nos 97 pacientes que receberam 2: 1 dose de opióides durante a ventilação, a analgesia foi iniciada, em média, até 24 horas após o início da ventilação. As escalas de avaliação da dor não foram usadas em nenhum paciente e, em 63por cento, não havia relato do motivo para a analgesia. A análise discriminante mostrou que as variáveis que diferenciaram os grupos submetidos ou não à analgesia foram: peso ao nascer, idade gestacional, índice de oxigenação e número de punções arteriais. Os neonatos com maior chance dereceberem alguma dose de opióide durante a ventilação foram os de peso mais elevado, idade gestacional mais avançada, índice de oxigenação mais acentuado no início da ventilação e maior necessidade de gasometrias, ou seja, os bebês mais maduros e com doença respiratória mais grave.Conclusão: os médicos...