Mental health of recipients after cadaveric liver transplantation: A perspective from positive psychology.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to explore the mental health of transplant recipients, especially psychological integration and the donor-recipient relationship. BACKGROUND: Psychological integration and the donor-recipient relationship are unique psychological perception of recipients with transplantation, which have important effects on their mental health and recovery. However, few studies have focused on the feelings and attitudes of cadaveric liver transplant recipients. DESIGN: A qualitative descriptive design was used. METHODS: Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted face-to-face with 30 recipients after liver transplantation. Qualitative content analysis was used and data saturation was achieved. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Studies (COREQ) were used. RESULTS: Three themes and eight subthemes were identified. (1) Psychological integration-acknowledging the transplanted liver was a part of their own body and attaching great importance to the liver; (2) Attitudes towards the donor-gratitude to the donor, being inspired by the dedication of the donor and mourning the donor's misfortune; and (3) Living in the moment-health behaviours of self-care, emotional regulation and positive attitude about life. CONCLUSION: The psychological integration of recipients of cadaveric liver transplants is smooth, and the attitudes towards the donor are positive. From the perspective of positive psychology, we observed the important role of post-traumatic growth of the recipient and positive emotions in promoting the recipient's health behaviours for self-care, emotion regulation and attitudes towards life. RELEVANCE FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE: Medical staff should help recipients to deal with these issues about the organ and its donor constructively and guide them to focus on postoperative inner growth and positive emotion.

Battling the known unknowns: a synoptic review of aquatic plastics research from Australia, the United Kingdom and China.

Plastic pollution is a global environmental and human health issue, with plastics now ubiquitous in the environment and biota. Despite extensive international research, key knowledge gaps ("known unknowns") remain around ecosystem-scale and human health impacts of plastics in the environment, particularly in limnetic, coastal and marine systems. Here we review aquatic plastics research in three contrasting geographic and cultural settings, selected to present a gradient of heavily urbanised (and high population density) to less urbanised (and low population density) areas: China, the United Kingdom (UK), and Australia. Research from each country has varying environmental focus (for example, biota-focussed studies in Australia target various bird, fish, turtle and seal species, while UK and China-based studies focus on commercially important organisms such as bivalves, fish and decapods), and uses varying methods and reporting units (e.g. mean, median or range). This has resulted in aquatic plastics datasets that are hard to compare directly, supporting the need to converge on standardised sampling methods, and bioindicator species. While all the study nations show plastics contamination, often at high levels, datasets are variable and do not clearly demonstrate pollution gradients.

Determination of Related Substance in Levo-cetirizine Hydrochloride Chewable Tablet by RP-HPLC / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the determination of related substances in Levo-cetirizine hydrochloride chewable tablet. METHODS:RP-HPLC was performed on the column of Venusil XBP-CN with mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.05 mol/L Sodium dihydrogen phosphate solution(pH value adjusted to 3.0 by phosphoric acid)(60∶40,V/V)at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min, the detection wavelength was 230 nm,column temperature was 25 ℃,and volume injection was 20 μl. RESULTS:Levo-cetirizine hydrochloride chewable tablet showed good separation with related substances;the linear range of levo-cetirizine hydrochloride was 1.2-2.8 μg/ml(r=0.999 9);the quantification limit and detection limit was 1.4 ng/ml and 0.3 ng/ml,respectively;RSDs of preci-sion,stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 1%;recovery was 96.3%-105.0%(RSD=1.7%,n=9);the contents of re-lated substances were no more than 0.17%. CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,sensitive,reproducible,accurate and reli-able,and can be used for the determination of related substances in Levo-cetirizine hydrochloride chewable tablet.

Rapid analysis of psoralen and isopsoralen in Psoralea corylifolia by microwave-assisted extraction / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a convenient and rapid method of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) for the extraction of psoralen and isopsoralen in Psoralea corylifolia.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The effects of various parameters on the MAE were investigated with several single-factor tests, and compared with the traditional extraction.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The optimal conditions of MAE were as follows: the extractine time was 3 min, and the ratio of solvent to material was 400 mL x g(-1) by using methanol as the solvent. Compared with soxhlet extraction, heat reflux extraction, and ultrasound-assisted extraction, MAE needed only 3 min to give the highest yield of psoralen and isopsoralen, while the other extraction methods needed several hours and gave lower yield.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The proposed method has greatly shortened extraction time and improved extraction yield, so it provides a neotype, simple and rapid measure for the separation of psoralen and isopsoralen from P. corylifolia.</p>

Separation and determination of hesperidin in huoxiangzhengqi water by hollow fiber ultrafiltration-high performance liquid chromatography / 中国中药杂志

A simple hollow fiber based centrifuge ultrafiltration pretreatment procedure has been developed for the analysis of active components with high polarity in Chinese traditional and herbal drugs which usually contain macromolecule impurities. The procedure combined with HPLC was applied to the determination of hesperidin in Huoxiangzhengqi water. Sample solutions were purified by our patent hollow fiber centrifuge ultrafiltration device. Under the effect of the centrifgual force, micromolecules were removed from solution samples, thus it increased the service life of the column. The accuracy and repeatability of this method have also been improved. The separation was carried out on a Promosil C18 column (4.6 mm x 150 mm, 5 microm) with methanol -0.5% acetic acid solution (35:65) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL x min(-1). The detector wavelength was 283 nm and the column temperature was 30 degrees C. A good linear relation was obtained in the range of 4.69 - 150 mg x L(-1) (r = 0.999 7) and the average recovery was 103.0% with RSD of 1.9%. This method is simple, rapid and accurate, and it provides a simple and cheap ultrafiltration means for the analysis of the polar components in Chinese traditional and herbal drugs.

Operating Room Management Condition and Protocol at Township Hospitals / 中华医院感染学杂志

OBJECTIVE To understand operating room management conditions and put forward improvement methods at township hospitals.METHODS An observatory study was conducted in 9 township hospitals using the evaluation criteria based on the requirements of the Guidelines for Disinfection in Hospitals.Technical Guidelines for Prevention and Control of the Hospital Infection in Operation Departments and the Guidelines for Hand Hygiene of Medical staff in Medical Institutions.RESULTS Problems were found to a different extent in all of the 9 township hospitals:faults in rules and regulations,unreasonable layout technological process,unstandardized sterilization and disinfection and short knowledge about hospital infection.CONCLUSIONS Special attention to managment of operating room,improving consciousness,strengthening medical staff study and improving system are the key issues for improving the management level of operating room at township hospitals.