Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the axilla with breast cancer: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Multiple primary malignant neoplasms refer to multiple tumors with different origins. They may be synchronous or metachronous. The incidence is 0.73%- 11.7%. Synchronous cases of breast cancer with sarcoma are rare. CASE SUMMARY: Here, we report a 78-year-old female patient admitted to hospital after accidental discovery of a left axillary mass. Preoperative examination revealed a breast mass. Pathology showed left breast cancer and left axillary sarcoma. The patient underwent surgery, endocrine therapy and radiotherapy. She has been followed up for 1 year, and no local recurrence or distant metastasis was observed. CONCLUSION: Attention should be paid to multiple primary malignant neoplasms, not limited to the current diagnosis and analysis, avoiding missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis.

Application of fluorescein combined with methylene blue in sentinel lymph node biopsy of breast cancer.

Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) for axillary lymph node staging in early breast cancer has been widely recognized. The combination of radio-colloids and dye method is the best method recognized. The reagents and equipment required in the process of the combined method are complex and expensive, so there are certain restrictions in the use of primary medical institutions. As a new tracer, fluorescent tracer technology has attracted much attention. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility and safety of fluorescein for SLNB in breast cancer. In this study, a total of 123 patients with breast cancer were divided into group A (n = 67) and group B (n = 56). The efficacy of Indocyanine green (ICG) combined with methylene blue (group A) and fluorescein combined with methylene blue (group B) in SLNB of breast cancer was compared, complications were observed at the same time. No local or systemic reactions were observed in the two groups. In group A, Sentinel lymph nodes of breast cancer were detected in 63 patients, with a detection rate of 94.0% (63/67), a false-negative rate of 7.5% (4/53). In group B, Sentinel lymph nodes of breast cancer were detected in 52 patients, with a detection rate of 92.9% (52/56), a false-negative rate of 7.5% (3/40). There was no significant difference in biopsy results between the two groups. This prospective clinical study suggests that SLNB using fluorescein and ultraviolet LED light is feasible in breast cancer patients. No adverse reactions were observed in this study, but larger studies are needed to properly assess the adverse reaction rate.

Anticancer activity of bicalutamide-loaded PLGA nanoparticles in prostate cancers.

Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed non-cutaneous malignancy in men in western and most developing countries. Bicalutamide (BLT) is an antineoplastic hormonal agent primarily used in the treatment of locally advanced and metastatic prostate cancers. In the present study, the aim was to develop a nanotechnology-based delivery system to target prostate cancer cells. This involved the development of a BLT-loaded poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) PLGA (PLGA-BLT) nanoparticulate system in an attempt to improve the therapeutic efficacy of BLT in prostate cancer and to mitigate its toxicity. Nanosized particles with a uniform size distribution and spherical shape were developed. PLGA-BLT showed a pronounced cytotoxic effect on LNCaP and C4-2 cancer cells. The superior cell-killing effect of the nanoparticles may be attributable to their sustained drug-release characteristics and high cellular internalization. PLGA-BLT was also found to significantly inhibit colony formation in the two cell lines. Furthermore, the caspase-3 activity of PLGA-BLT treated cancer cells was enhanced, indicating the cell apoptosis-inducing potential of PLGA-BLT. Overall, these results suggest that nanotechnology-based formulations of BLT exhibit superior anticancer activity and have enormous potential in the treatment of prostate cancers.

Prognostic impact of NDRG2 and NDRG3 in prostate cancer patients undergoing radical prostatectomy.

AIM: To investigate the clinicopathologic significance of NDRG2 and NDRG3, and their involvement in recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) of prostate cancer (PCa). METHODS: NDRG2 and NDRG3 expression in 206 pairs of primary PCa and corresponding noncancerous prostate tissue samples from the same specimens were detected by immunohistochemistry. The association of NDRG2 and NDRG3 expression with the clinicopathologic features and with the prognosis of PCa was subsequently assessed. RESULTS: In PCa tissues, NDRG2 expression was significantly downregulated, while NDRG3 expression was significantly upregulated (both P<0.001), compared with those in corresponding noncancerous prostate tissues. In addition, the downregulation of NDRG2 in PCa tissues was significantly correlated with advanced pathological stage (P=0.001), positive metastatic status (P=0.001) and high Gleason score (P=0.003), while the upregulation of NDRG3 in PCa tissues was significantly correlated with advanced pathological stage (P=0.006), positive metastatic status (P=0.001) and lymph node status (P=0.002). Furthermore, multivariate survival analysis showed low NDRG2 and high NDRG3 immunoreactivities were both significantly associated with short RFS and short OS in PCa independently of routine clinicopathological predictors. CONCLUSION: Our data offer convincing evidence for the first time that the aberrant expression of NDRG2 and NDRG3 may contribute to the malignant progression of PCa. More importantly, both the downregulation of NDRG2 and the upregulation of NDRG3 may be efficient prognostic indicators for PCa.