Impatiensyingjingensis (Balsaminaceae), a new species from Sichuan, China.

This study describes Impatiensyingjingensis X.Q. Song, B.N. Song & Biao Yang, sp. nov., a new species collected from the Yingjing area of the Giant Panda National Park. This new species is distributed at an altitude of 1400-2100 m, with a plant height of 30-130 cm. The flowers are purple-red or light purple red, with 3-9 flowers on each inflorescence and the dorsal auricle of the lateral united petals is thread-like and about 2 cm long, differing significantly from other species of Impatiens. Furthermore, molecular data, as well as micro-morphological evidence under SEM (of pollens), also support the establishment of the new species.

EFHD1 promotes osteosarcoma proliferation and drug resistance by inhibiting the opening of the mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore (mPTP) by binding to ANT3.

Chemoresistance is the main obstacle in the clinical treatment of osteosarcoma (OS). In this study, we investigated the role of EF-hand domain-containing protein 1 (EFHD1) in OS chemotherapy resistance. We found that the expression of EFHD1 was highly correlated with the clinical outcome after chemotherapy. We overexpressed EFHD1 in 143B cells and found that it increased their resistance to cell death after drug treatment. Conversely, knockdown of EFHD1 in 143BR cells (a cisplatin-less-sensitive OS cell line derived from 143B cells) increased their sensitivity to treatment. Mechanistically, EFHD1 bound to adenine nucleotide translocase-3 (ANT3) and inhibited its conformational change, thereby inhibiting the opening of the mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore (mPTP). This effect could maintain mitochondrial function, thereby favoring OS cell survival. The ANT3 conformational inhibitor carboxyatractyloside (CATR), which can promote mPTP opening, enhanced the chemosensitivity of EFHD1-overexpressing cells when combined with cisplatin. The ANT3 conformational inhibitor bongkrekic acid (BKA), which can inhibit mPTP opening, restored the resistance of EFHD1 knockdown cells. In conclusion, our results suggest that EFHD1-ANT3-mPTP might be a promising target for OS therapy in the future.

Structural basis of human mpox viral DNA replication inhibition by brincidofovir and cidofovir.

Mpox virus has wildly spread over 108 non-endemic regions in the world since May 2022. DNA replication of mpox is performed by DNA polymerase machinery F8-A22-E4, which is known as a great drug target. Brincidofovir and cidofovir are reported to have broad-spectrum antiviral activity against poxviruses, including mpox virus in animal models. However, the molecular mechanism is not understood. Here we report cryogenic electron microscopy structures of mpox viral F8-A22-E4 in complex with a DNA duplex, or dCTP and the DNA duplex, or cidofovir diphosphate and the DNA duplex at resolution of 3.22, 2.98 and 2.79 Å, respectively. Our structural work and DNA replication inhibition assays reveal that cidofovir diphosphate is located at the dCTP binding position with a different conformation to compete with dCTP to incorporate into the DNA and inhibit DNA synthesis. Conformation of both F8-A22-E4 and DNA is changed from the pre-dNTP binding state to DNA synthesizing state after dCTP or cidofovir diphosphate is bound, suggesting a coupling mechanism. This work provides the structural basis of DNA synthesis inhibition by brincidofovir and cidofovir, providing a rational strategy for new therapeutical development for mpox virus and other pox viruses.

Chinese Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis: A Case Report Series.

Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis (CMC) is a rare immunodeficiency disease characterized by chronic or recurrent superficial Candida infections on the skin, nail, and mucous membranes. Here, we present four Chinese patients with CMC who manifested oral mucosal leukoplakia and nail thickening during early childhood, all displaying fissured tongue lines. The causative pathogens isolated from their oral mucosa and nails were identified as C. albicans and C. parapsilosis through morphology and molecular sequencing. Notably, among the four patients, one presented with vitiligo, while another had hypothyroidism. We have also conducted a review of reported cases of CMC in China and worldwide over the last five years, highlighting potential approaches for diagnosis and treatment. The current molecular evidence in the literature suggests potential for the development of early diagnosis methods, such as screening genetic variables on STAT1 and STAT3. Additionally, potential treatment avenues, including gene-targeted analogues and GM-CSF analogues, could be explored in conjunction with traditional antifungal therapy.

Establishing a protected area network in Xinlong with other effective area-based conservation measures.

Protected areas (PAs) are pivotal to biodiversity conservation, yet their efficacy is compromised by insufficient funding and management. So-called other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs) present a paradigm shift and address PA limitations. Such measures can expand conservation areas, enhance connectivity, and improve the existing system. To assess the conservation status of biodiversity in Tibetan cultural areas in China, we investigated the spatial distribution of wildlife vulnerable to human disturbance (large- and medium-sized mammals and terrestrial birds) in Xinlong, a traditional Tibetan cultural area. In particular, we compared a PA (Xionglongxi Nature Reserve) and OECMs targeting species conservation. We also investigated the relationship of wildlife with human temporal and spatial activities. The OECMs complemented areas not covered by PA, especially in rich understory biodiversity regions. More species in OECMs tolerated human presence than species in the PA. Existing biodiversity reserves failed to cover areas of high conservation value in Tibet and offered limited protection capacity. Expanding PAs and identifying OECMs improved Xinlong's system by covering most biodiversity hotspots. Building on the tradition of wildlife conservation in Tibet, harnessing OECMs may be an effective means of augmenting biodiversity conservation capacity. We recommend further evaluation of OECMs effectiveness and coverage in Tibetan area as a way to enhance the current PA system.

自然保护地(protected areas, PAs)被认为是生物多样性保护的最重要且最有效的措施之一。然而, 由于资金不足和管理缺失等因素, 自然保护地体系的有效性被大幅度削弱。"其他有效的基于区域的保护措施(other effective area­based conservation measures, OECMs)"引起了基于区域的保护范式转变, 能够有效弥补PAs的不足。OECMs能够有效实现保护面积的扩大, 加强保护地之间的连通性, 完善现有保护地体系。基于此, 为进一步了解中国藏文化地区生物多样性的保护情况, 评估PAs和OECMs在物种保护上的差异。我们以中国新龙县为例, 调查了当地大中型哺乳动物和地栖鸟类这类容易受人为干扰的野生动物的空间分布和与人类互作的时空活动关系。结果表明, 在保护区无法覆盖的区域, OECMs能够提供有效的补充, 如林下区域的生物多样性保护。在OECMs范围内, 更多的物种能够在时空活动上容忍人类的存在, 尤其是猎物物种。在当前生物多样性优先保护区无法涵盖藏区高保护价值区域以及现有保护区保护能力有限的情况下, 藏区野生动物的保护需要采取更多针对性的措施。通过扩大保护区和确定OECMs区域, 能够覆盖新龙绝大部分生物多样性热点地区。鉴于藏区的野生动物保护传统, 借助OECMs的力量是完善和提高藏区生物多样性保护保护能力的有效手段。我们建议未来进一步评估藏区的OECMs的有效性及覆盖情况, 完善自然保护地体系。 基于其他有效的区域保护措施的中国新龙县保护地体系构建.

Sustainable biochar application in anammox process: Unveiling novel pathways for enhanced nitrogen removal and efficient start-up at low temperature.

This study explored the use of biochar to accelerate the establishment of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) reactors operating at 15 ± 1℃. Incorporating 10 g/L bamboo charcoal in S1 accelerated the start-up of anammox in 87 days, which was significantly shorter than 103 days in S0 (without biochar). After 140 days, S1 exhibited a 10.9 % increase in nitrogen removal efficiency due to a 28.9 % elevation in extracellular polymeric substances, bolstering anammox bacterial resilience. Predominant anammox bacteria (Cadidatus Brocadia and Cadidatus Jettenia) showed relative abundances of 3.19 % and 0.38 % in S1, respectively, which were significantly higher than 0.40 % and 0.05 % in S0. Biochar provides favorable habitats for the enrichment of anammox bacteria and accelerates the establishment of anammox at low temperatures. This finding holds promise for enhancing the efficiency of anammox in cold climates and advancing sustainable wastewater nitrogen removal.

Structure and activity of the septal peptidoglycan hydrolysis machinery crucial for bacterial cell division.

The peptidoglycan (PG) layer is a critical component of the bacterial cell wall and serves as an important target for antibiotics in both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. The hydrolysis of septal PG (sPG) is a crucial step of bacterial cell division, facilitated by FtsEX through an amidase activation system. In this study, we present the cryo-EM structures of Escherichia coli FtsEX and FtsEX-EnvC in the ATP-bound state at resolutions of 3.05 Å and 3.11 Å, respectively. Our PG degradation assays in E. coli reveal that the ATP-bound conformation of FtsEX activates sPG hydrolysis of EnvC-AmiB, whereas EnvC-AmiB alone exhibits autoinhibition. Structural analyses indicate that ATP binding induces conformational changes in FtsEX-EnvC, leading to significant differences from the apo state. Furthermore, PG degradation assays of AmiB mutants confirm that the regulation of AmiB by FtsEX-EnvC is achieved through the interaction between EnvC-AmiB. These findings not only provide structural insight into the mechanism of sPG hydrolysis and bacterial cell division, but also have implications for the development of novel therapeutics targeting drug-resistant bacteria.

Direct large-scale synthesis of water-soluble and biocompatible upconversion nanoparticles for in vivo imaging.

Deep tissues can be optically imaged using near-infrared windows without radiation hazard. This work proposes a straightforward one-pot method for directly synthesizing water-soluble and biocompatible upconversion nanoparticles on a large scale for in vivo imaging. Safety assessment, coupled with luminescence imaging in mice, demonstrates the excellent stability and promising biological applications of the upconversion nanoparticles.

Optimal intersurface stability for unicompartmental femoral component design with two pegs placed on the distal resection surface: 5 mm peg length increment and 10° peg inclination.

PURPOSE: The present study aimed to identify the optimal design of the unicompartmental femoral component through parameter analysis and stability evaluation. METHODS: A finite element (FE) analysis was applied to analyse and adjust the parameter combinations of the anterior tilt angle of the posterior condyle resection surface, the position of the peg, the length of the peg and the inclination angle of the peg, resulting in 10 different FE models. Setting three knee flexion angles of 8.4° (maximum load state during walking), 40° (maximum load state during stair climbing) and 90° (maximum load state during squatting exercise), quantitatively analysing the micromotion values of the bone-prosthesis interface and defining a weighted scoring formula to evaluate the stability of different FE models. The validity of the FE analysis was verified using the Digital Image Correlation (DIC) device. RESULTS: The errors between the FE analysis and the DIC test at three flexion angles were 5.6%, 1.7% and 11.1%. The 10 different femoral component design models were measured separately. The FE analysis demonstrated that the design with a 0° anterior tilt angle of the posterior condyle resection surface, both pegs placed on the distal resection surface, lengthened 5 mm pegs and a 10° peg inclination angle provided the best stability. CONCLUSION: The current study proposed a method for evaluating the stability of the femoral component design. The optimal intersurface stability design of the unicompartmental femoral component was achieved with two pegs placed on the distal resection surface, a 5-mm peg length increment and a 10° peg inclination. These results might provide a reference for the selection of unicompartmental femoral components in clinical practice and therefore improve the survival rate of future unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III.

Development and evaluation of albumin binder-conjugated heterodimeric radiopharmaceuticals targeting integrin αvß3 and CD13 for cancer therapy.

PURPOSE: The advancement of heterodimeric tracers, renowned for their high sensitivity, marks a significant trend in the development of radiotracers for cancer diagnosis. Our prior work on [68Ga]Ga-HX01, a heterodimeric tracer targeting CD13 and integrin αvß3, led to its approval for phase I clinical trials by the China National Medical Production Administration (NMPA). However, its fast clearance and limited tumor retention pose challenges for broader clinical application in cancer treatment. This study aims to develop a new radiopharmaceutical with increased tumor uptake and prolonged retention, rendering it a potential therapeutic candidate. METHODS: New albumin binder-conjugated compounds were synthesized based on the structure of HX01. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of these new compounds were performed after labelling with 68Ga. Small-animal PET/CT imaging were conducted at different time points at 0.5-6 h post injection (p.i.) using BxPC-3 xenograft mice models. The one with the best imaging performance was further radiolabeled with 177Lu for small-animal SPECT/CT and ex vivo biodistribution investigation. RESULTS: We have synthesized novel albumin binder-conjugated compounds, building upon the structure of HX01. When radiolabeled with 68Ga, all compounds demonstrated improved pharmacokinetics (PK). Small-animal PET/CT studies revealed that these new albumin binder-conjugated compounds, particularly [68Ga]Ga-L6, exhibited significantly enhanced tumor accumulation and retention compared with [68Ga]Ga-L0 without an albumin binder. [68Ga]Ga-L6 outperformed [68Ga]Ga-L7, a compound developed using a previously reported albumin binder. Furthermore, [177Lu]Lu-L6 demonstrated rapid clearance from normal tissues, high tumor uptake, and prolonged retention in small-animal SPECT/CT and biodistribution studies, positioning it as an ideal candidate for radiotherapeutic applications. CONCLUSION: A new integrin αvß3 and CD13 targeting compound was screened out. This compound bears a novel albumin binder and exhibits increased tumor uptake and prolonged tumor retention in BxPC-3 tumors and low background in normal organs, making it a perfect candidate for radiotherapy when radiolabeled with 177Lu.

Essential role of glycoprotein Ibα in platelet activation.

Glycoprotein (GP) Ib, the ligand-binding subunit of platelet GPIb-IX complex, interacts with von Willebrand factor (VWF) exposed at the injured vessel wall, initiating platelet adhesion, activation, hemostasis, and thrombus formation. The cytoplasmic tail of GPIb interacts with 14-3-3, regulate ng the VWF-GPIb-elicited signal transduction and VWF binding function of GPIb. However, we unexpectedly found that the GPIb-14-3-3 association, beyond VWF-dependent function, is essential for general platelet activation. We found that the GPIb cytoplasmic tail peptide MPC, a potential GPIb inhibitor, by itself induced platelet aggregation, integrin αIIbß3 activation, granule secretion, and phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure. Conversely, the deletion of the cytoplasmic tail of GPIb in mouse platelets (10aa-/-) decreased platelet aggregation, integrin IIb3 activation, granule secretion, and PS exposure induced by various physiological agonists. Phosphoproteome-based kinase activity profiling revealed significantly upregulated protein kinase C (PKC) activity in MPC-treated platelets. MPC-induced platelet activation was abolished by the pan-PKC inhibitor and PKC deletion. Decreased PKC activity was observed in both resting and agonist-stimulated 10aa-/- platelets. GPIb regulates PKC activity by sequestering 14-3-3 from PKC. In vivo, the deletion of the GPIb cytoplasmic tail impaired mouse hemostasis and thrombus formation and protected against platelet-dependent pulmonary thromboembolism. Therefore, our findings demonstrate an essential role for the GPIb cytoplasmic tail in regulating platelet general activation and thrombus formation beyond the VWF-GPIb axis.

Bulk and single cells transcriptomes with experimental validation identify USP18 as a novel glioma prognosis and proliferation indicator.

The mechanism by which ubiquitin-specific protease 18 (USP18) (enzyme commission: 3.4.19.12) inhibition in cancer promotes cell pyroptosis via the induction of interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes has been recently demonstrated. It is also known that USP18 influences the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of glioma cells. In the present study, the upregulation of USP18 in glioma was revealed through bulk transcriptome analysis, which was associated with poor prognosis in patients with glioma. Furthermore, USP18 levels affected the response to immunotherapy in patients with glioma. Single-cell transcriptome and enrichment analyses demonstrated that USP18 was associated with type 1 IFN responses in glioma T cells. To demonstrate the effect of USP18 expression levels on glioma cells, USP18 expression was knocked down in U251 and U87MG ATCC cell lines. A subsequent Cell Counting Kit-8 assay revealed that glioma cell viability was significantly decreased 4 days after USP18 knockdown. In addition, the knockdown of USP18 expression significantly inhibited the clonogenicity of U251 and U87MG ATCC cells. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that knockdown of USP18 expression inhibited the proliferation of glioma cells, which may be mediated by the effect of USP18 on the IFN-I response.

Photonic Weyl Waveguide and Saddle-Chips-like Modes.

Topological Weyl semimetals are characterized by open Fermi arcs on their terminal surfaces, these materials not only changed accepted concepts of the Fermi loop but also enabled many exotic phenomena, such as one-way propagation. The key prerequisite is that the two terminal surfaces have to be well separated, i.e., the Fermi arcs are not allowed to couple with each other. Thus, their interaction was overlooked before. Here, we consider coupled Fermi arcs and propose a Weyl planar waveguide, wherein we found a saddle-chips-like hybridized guiding mode. The hybridized modes consist of three components: surface waves from the top and bottom surfaces and bulk modes inside the Weyl semimetal. The contribution of these three components to the hybridized mode appears to be z-position-dependent rather than uniform. Beyond the conventional waveguide framework, those non-trivial surface states, with their arc-type band structures, exhibit strong selectivity in propagation direction, providing an excellent platform for waveguides. Compared with the conventional waveguide, the propagation direction of hybridized modes exhibits high z-position-dependency. For example, when the probe plane shifts from the top interface to the bottom interface, the component propagating horizontally becomes dimmer, while the component propagating vertically becomes brighter. Experimentally, we drilled periodic holes in metal plates to sandwich an ideal Weyl meta-crystal and characterize the topological guiding mode. Our study shows the intriguing behaviors of topological photonic waveguides, which could lead to beam manipulation, position sensing, and even 3D information processing on photonic chip. The Weyl waveguide also provides a platform for studying the coupling and the interaction between surface and bulk states.

Global patterns of human-wildlife spatial associations and implications for differentiating conservation strategies.

Understanding the global patterns of human and wildlife spatial associations is essential for pragmatic conservation implementation, yet analytical foundations and indicator-based assessments that would further this understanding are lacking. We integrated the global distributions of 30,664 terrestrial vertebrates and human pressures to map human-nature index (HNI) categories that indicate the extent and intensity of human-wildlife interactions. Along the 2 dimensions of biodiversity and human activity, the HNI allowed placement of terrestrial areas worldwide in one of 4 HNI categories: anthropic (human-dominated areas), wildlife-dominated (little human influence and rich in wildlife), co-occurring (substantial presence of humans and wildlife), and harsh-environment (limited presence of humans and wildlife) areas. The HNI varied considerably among taxonomic groups, and the leading driver of HNI was global climate patterns. Co-occurring regions were the most prevalent (35.9%), and wildlife-dominated and anthropic regions encompassed 26.45% and 6.50% of land area, respectively. Our results highlight the necessity for customizing conservation strategies to regions based on human-wildlife spatial associations and the distribution of existing protected area networks. Human activity and biodiversity should be integrated for complementary strategies to support conservation toward ambitious and pragmatic 30×30 goals.

Patrones globales de las asociaciones espaciales entre humanos y fauna y las implicaciones para la diferenciación de las estrategias de conservación Resumen Es esencial entender los patrones globales de asociaciones entre humanos y fauna para la implementación pragmática de la conservación. Aun así, son muy pocos los fundamentos analíticos y las evaluaciones basadas en indicadores que incrementarían este conocimiento. Integramos la distribución global de 30,664 vertebrados terrestres y presiones humanas para mapear las categorías del índice de naturaleza humana (INH) que indican la extensión e intensidad de las interacciones humano­fauna. El INH permitió la colocación de áreas terrestres en todo el mundo en las dos dimensiones de la biodiversidad y las actividades humanas dentro de una de las cuatro categorías del INH: áreas antrópicas (dominadas por humanos), dominadas por fauna (poca influencia humana y rica en fauna), co­ocurrentes (presencia sustancial de humanos y fauna) y de ambiente severo (presencia limitada de humanos y fauna). El INH varió considerablemente entre los taxones, y el factor principal fueron los patrones climáticos mundiales. Las regiones co­ocurrentes fueron las más frecuentes (35.9%) las regiones antrópicas y dominadas por fauna englobaron el 26.45% y 6.50% del área terrestre respectivamente. Nuestros resultados enfatizan la necesidad de personalizar las estrategias de conservación acorde a la región con base en las asociaciones espaciales entre humanos y fauna y la distribución de las redes existentes de áreas protegidas. La actividad humana y la biodiversidad deberían estar integradas para las estrategias complementarias para respaldar a la conservación hacia los objetivos ambiciosos y pragmáticos de 30 para el 30.

Universal inter-molecular radical transfer reactions on metal surfaces.

On-surface synthesis provides tools to prepare low-dimensional supramolecular structures. Traditionally, reactive radicals are a class of single-electron species, serving as exceptional electron-withdrawing groups. On metal surfaces, however, such species are affected by conduction band screening effects that may even quench their unpaired electron characteristics. As a result, radicals are expected to be less active, and reactions catalyzed by surface-stabilized radicals are rarely reported. Herein, we describe a class of inter-molecular radical transfer reactions on metal surfaces. With the assistance of aryl halide precursors, the coupling of terminal alkynes is steered from non-dehydrogenated to dehydrogenated products, resulting in alkynyl-Ag-alkynyl bonds. Dehalogenated molecules are fully passivated by detached hydrogen atoms. The reaction mechanism is unraveled by various surface-sensitive technologies and density functional theory calculations. Moreover, we reveal the universality of this mechanism on metal surfaces. Our studies enrich the on-surface synthesis toolbox and develop a pathway for producing low-dimensional organic materials.

Comparison between perceived and felt emotions in the soundscape evaluation of urban open spacesa).

In the current study on soundscape, the distinction between felt emotion and perceived emotion in soundscape measurement has not been addressed as much as that in music studies. This research was conducted to investigate perceived and felt emotions associated with soundscape evaluation in urban open spaces through a laboratory audio-visual experiment using photographs and binaural recordings of 16 urban open locations across Harbin, China. In total, 46 participants were required to assess both the "perceived emotion" and "felt emotion" of the soundscapes using a questionnaire (in Chinese). First, five felt emotions and seven perceived emotions associated with the soundscape were identified, among which the dominant factors were enjoyment and excitement for felt emotions and comfortable and festive for perceived emotions. Second, when comparing perceived and felt emotions, the holistic soundscape descriptor "preference" is more suitable for predicting through felt emotion, while the holistic soundscape descriptor "appropriateness" is more suitable for predicting through perceived emotion. Third, preference is a more stringent soundscape descriptor than appropriateness, indicating a higher level of requirement in its definition. Meanwhile, preference is a more emotional soundscape descriptor than appropriateness. It may be inferred that for evaluating soundscapes, the more emotional the descriptor, the greater its stringency.

Twisted photonic Weyl meta-crystals and aperiodic Fermi arc scattering.

As a milestone in the exploration of topological physics, Fermi arcs bridging Weyl points have been extensively studied. Weyl points, as are Fermi arcs, are believed to be only stable when preserving translation symmetry. However, no experimental observation of aperiodic Fermi arcs has been reported so far. Here, we continuously twist a bi-block Weyl meta-crystal and experimentally observe the twisted Fermi arc reconstruction. Although both the Weyl meta-crystals individually preserve translational symmetry, continuous twisting operation leads to the aperiodic hybridization and scattering of Fermi arcs on the interface, which is found to be determined by the singular total reflection around Weyl points. Our work unveils the aperiodic scattering of Fermi arcs and opens the door to continuously manipulating Fermi arcs.

The necroptosis-related signature and tumor microenvironment immune characteristics associated with clinical prognosis and drug sensitivity analysis in stomach adenocarcinoma.

PURPOSE: Necroptosis plays an important role in the tumorigenesis, development, metastasis, and drug resistance of malignant tumors. This study explored the new model for assessing stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) prognosis and immunotherapy by combining long noncoding RNAs associated with necroptosis. METHODS: Patient clinical data and STAD gene expression profiles were curated from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Immune-related genes were sourced from a specialized molecular database. Perl software and R software were used for data processing and analysis. Necroptosis-related lncRNAs in STAD were pinpointed via R's correlation algorithms. These lncRNAs, in conjunction with clinical data, informed the construction of a prognostic lncRNA-associated risk score model using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. The model's prognostic capacity was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier survival curves and validated as an independent prognostic variable. Further, a nomogram incorporating this model with clinical parameters was developed, offering refined individual survival predictions. Subsequent analyses of immune infiltration and chemosensitivity within necroptosis-related lncRNA clusters utilized an arsenal of bioinformatic tools, culminating in RT-PCR validation of lncRNA expression. RESULTS: Through rigorous Cox regression, 21 lncRNAs were implicated in the risk score model. Stratification by median risk scores delineated patients into high- and low-risk cohorts, with the latter demonstrating superior prognostic outcomes. The risk model was corroborated as an independent prognostic indicator for STAD. The integrative nomogram displayed high concordance between predicted and observed survival rates, as evidenced by calibration curves. Differential immune infiltration in risk-defined groups was illuminated by the single sample GSEA (ssGSEA), indicating pronounced immune presence in higher-risk patients. Tumor microenvironment (TME) analysis showed that cluster-C3 had the highest score in the analysis of the three TMEs. Through the differential analysis of immune checkpoints, it was found that almost all immune checkpoint-related genes were expressed differently in various tumor clusters. Among them, CD44 expression was the highest. By comparing all drug sensitivities, we screened out 29 drugs with differences in drug sensitivity across different clusters. Risk score gene expression identification results showed that these lncRNAs were abnormally expressed in gastric cancer cell lines. CONCLUSIONS: This investigation provides a robust methodological advance in prognosticating and personalizing immunotherapy for STAD, leveraging quantitatively derived tumor cluster risk scores. It posits the use of necroptosis-related lncRNAs as pivotal molecular beacons for guiding therapeutic strategies and enhancing clinical outcomes in STAD.

Deceptive orbital confinement at edges and pores of carbon-based 1D and 2D nanoarchitectures.

The electronic structure defines the properties of graphene-based nanomaterials. Scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS) experiments on graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), nanographenes, and nanoporous graphene (NPG) often determine an apparent electronic orbital confinement into the edges and nanopores, leading to dubious interpretations such as image potential states or super-atom molecular orbitals. We show that these measurements are subject to a wave function decay into the vacuum that masks the undisturbed electronic orbital shape. We use Au(111)-supported semiconducting gulf-type GNRs and NPGs as model systems fostering frontier orbitals that appear confined along the edges and nanopores in STS measurements. DFT calculations confirm that these states originate from valence and conduction bands. The deceptive electronic orbital confinement observed is caused by a loss of Fourier components, corresponding to states of high momentum. This effect can be generalized to other 1D and 2D carbon-based nanoarchitectures and is important for their use in catalysis and sensing applications.

Fibrous MXene Synapse-Based Biomimetic Tactile Nervous System for Multimodal Perception and Memory.

Biomimetic tactile nervous system (BTNS) inspired by organisms has motivated extensive attention in wearable fields due to its biological similarity, low power consumption, and perception-memory integration. Though many works about planar-shape BTNS are developed, few researches could be found in the field of fibrous BTNS (FBTNS) which is superior in terms of strong flexibility, weavability, and high-density integration. Herein, a FBTNS with multimodal sensibility and memory is proposed, by fusing the fibrous poly lactic acid (PLA)/Ag/MXene/Pt artificial synapse and MXene/EMIMBF4 ionic conductive elastomer. The proposed FBTNS can successfully perceive external stimuli and generate synaptic responses. It also exhibits a short response time (23 ms) and low set power consumption (17 nW). Additionally, the proposed device demonstrates outstanding synaptic plasticity under both mechanical and electrical stimuli, which can simulate the memory function. Simultaneously, the fibrous devices are embedded into textiles to construct tactile arrays, by which biomimetic tactile perception and temporary memory functions are successfully implemented. This work demonstrates the as-prepared FBTNS can generate biomimetic synaptic signals to serve as artificial feeling signals, it is thought that it could offer a fabric electronic unit integrating with perception and memory for Human-Computer interaction, and has great potential to build lightweight and comfortable Brain-Computer interfaces.