ABSTRACT
The design of catalysts has attracted a great deal of attention in the field of electrocatalysis. The accurate design of the catalysts can avoid an unnecessary process that occurs during the blind trial. Based on the interaction between different metal species, a metallic compound supported by the carbon nanotube was designed. Among these compounds, RhFeP2CX (R-RhFeP2CX-CNT) was found to be in a rich-electron environment at the Fermi level (denoted as a flat Fermi surface), beneficial to the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). R-RhFeP2CX-CNT exhibits a small overpotential of 15 mV at the current density of 10 mA·cm-2 in acidic media. Moreover, the mass activity of R-RhFeP2CX-CNT is 21597 A·g-1, which also demonstrates the advance of the active sites on R-RhFeP2CX-CNT. Therefore, R-RhFeP2CX-CNT can be an alternative catalyst applied in practical production, and the strategies of a flat Fermi surface will be a reliable strategy for catalyst designing.
ABSTRACT
Improving the stability of sensitive catalytic systems is an emerging research topic in the catalysis field. However, the current design of heterogeneous catalysts mainly improves their catalytic performance. This paper presents a single-atom catalyst (SAC) strategy to improve the cobalt-catalysed fluorination of acyl chlorides. A stable Co-F intermediate can be formed through the oxidative fluorination of Co1 -N4 @NC SAC, which can replace the unstable high-valent cobalt catalytic system and avoid the use of phosphine ligands. In the SAC system, KF can be employed as a fluorinating reagent to replace the AgF, which can be applied to various substrates and scale-up conversion with high turnover numbers (TON=1.58×106 ). This work also shows that inorganic SACs have tremendous potential for organofluorine chemistry, and it provides a good reference for follow-up studies on the structure-activity relationship between catalyst design and chemical reaction mechanisms.
ABSTRACT
It is currently difficult for pathologists to diagnose pancreatic cancer (PC) using biopsy specimens because samples may have been from an incorrect site or contain an insufficient amount of tissue. Thus, there is a need to develop a platform-independent molecular classifier that accurately distinguishes benign pancreatic lesions from PC. Here, we developed a robust qualitative messenger RNA signature based on within-sample relative expression orderings (REOs) of genes to discriminate both PC tissues and cancer-adjacent normal tissues from non-PC pancreatitis and healthy pancreatic tissues. A signature comprising 12 gene pairs and 17 genes was built in the training datasets and validated in microarray and RNA-sequencing datasets from biopsy samples and surgically resected samples. Analysis of 1,007 PC tissues and 257 non-tumor samples from nine databases indicated that the geometric mean of sensitivity and specificity was 96.7%, and the area under receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.978 (95% confidence interval, 0.947-0.994). For 20 specimens obtained from endoscopic biopsy, the signature had a diagnostic accuracy of 100%. The REO-based signature described here can aid in the molecular diagnosis of PC and may facilitate objective differentiation between benign and malignant pancreatic lesions.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical effects of VSD combined with continual irrigation in treating the infection of limbs fracture after internal fixation. METHODS: From March 2010 to June 2015, 10 patients with infection of limbs fracture after internal fixation were treated with VSD combined with continual irrigation. There were 7 males and 3 females, aged from 11 to 58 years with an average of 34.4 years. Course of disease was from 1 to 8 months with an average of 4.8 months. Postoperative infection occurred in fractures of ulna and radius of 4 cases, tibiofibular fractures of 3 cases, calcaneal fractures of 2 cases, femoral fractures of 1 case. Eight infections were open fracture and 2 infections were close fracture. In additon to above treatment, antibiotics, dressing changing or skingrafting were used in the patients. Informations of wound surface healing, change dressings, original infection focus were observed. RESULTS: All infections got control, the wound healing after change dressings or skingrafting, and no complications such as osteomyelitis were found. The mean treatment time was 38.4 days(ranged, 29 to 45 days) and replacement times was 2.2 times(ranged, 1 to 4 times). All patients were followed up, no recurrent infections were found at 1 year after fracture healing. CONCLUSIONS: VSD combined with continual irrigation can effectively decrease the incidence of complications and promote the wound growth, healing and considerably shorten the healing time. It is an effective method for the treatment of infection of limbs fracture after internal fixation.
