Precise placement of a triple-cavity drainage tube by guide wire exchange method for esophagojejunal anastomotic fistula after gastrectomy.

This is a letter to the editor on a study by Ding et al. on the role of the three-tube method via precise interventional placement for esophagojejunal anastomotic fistula after gastrectomy. They suggest using transnasal insertion of abscess drainage catheter, jejunal decompression tube, and jejunal nutrition tube under fluoroscopy as a simple, minimally invasive, effective, and safe method for treating esophagojejunal anastomotic fistula. Compared to Ding et al.'s method, we presented a new procedure for the esophagojejunal anastomotic fistula. In this procedure, we precisely place a homemade triple-cavity drainage tube by guide wire exchange method near the esophagojejunal anastomotic fistula for continuous irrigation and negative pressure suction, which can provide adequate drainage and result in fistula's self-healing. This procedure can also be performed at bedside without any anesthesia; therefore, it is a more simple, minimally invasive, effective, and safe treatment for esophagojejunal anastomotic fistula.

Multimodal prehabilitation to improve the clinical outcomes of frail elderly patients with gastric cancer: a study protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial (GISSG+2201).

INTRODUCTION: Gastric cancer (GC) diagnosed in the elderly population has become a serious public health problem worldwide. Given the combined effects of frailty and the consequences of cancer treatment, older individuals with GC are more likely than young patients to suffer from postoperative complications and poor clinical outcomes. Nutrition, functional capacity and psychological state-based multimodal prehabilitation, which is dominated by Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) pathway management, has been shown to reduce postoperative complications, promote functional recovery and decrease hospitalisation time in certain malignancies. However, no previous studies have investigated the clinical application of multimodal prehabilitation in frail older patients with GC. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The study is a prospective, multicentre randomised controlled trial in which a total of 368 participants who meet the inclusion criteria will be randomised into either a prehabilitation group or an ERAS group. The prehabilitation group will receive multimodal prehabilitation combined with ERAS at least 2 weeks before the gastrectomy is performed, including physical and respiratory training, nutritional support, and therapy and psychosocial treatment. The ERAS group patients will be treated according to the ERAS pathway. All interventions will be supervised by family members. The primary outcome measures are the incidence and severity of postoperative complications. Secondary outcomes include survival, functional capacity and other short-term postoperative outcomes. Overall, the multimodal prehabilitation protocol may improve functional capacity, reduce the surgical stress response and concomitant systemic inflammation, and potentially modulate the tumour microenvironment to improve short-term and long-term clinical outcomes and patients' quality of life. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: All procedures and participating centres of this study were approved by their respective ethics committees (QYFYKYLL 916111920). The final study results will be published separately in peer-reviewed journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT05352802.

Effect of preoperative CT angiography examination on the clinical outcome of patients with BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2 undergoing laparoscopic gastrectomy: study protocol for a multicentre randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Gastric cancer, which is the fifth most common malignancy and the third most common cause of cancer-related death, is particularly predominant in East Asian countries, such as China, Japan and Korea. It is a serious global health issue that causes a heavy financial burden for the government and family. To our knowledge, there are few reports of multicentre randomized controlled trials on the utilization of CT angiography (CTA) for patients who are histologically diagnosed with gastric cancer before surgery. Therefore, we planned this RCT to verify whether the utilization of CTA can change the short- and long-term clinical outcomes. METHOD: The GISSG 20-01 study is a multicentre, prospective, open-label clinical study that emphasises the application of CTA for patients who will undergo laparoscopic gastrectomy to prove its clinical findings. A total of 382 patients who meet the inclusion criteria will be recruited for the study and randomly divided into two groups in a 1:1 ratio: the CTA group (n = 191) and the non-CTA group (n = 191). Both groups will undergo upper abdomen enhanced CT, and the CTA group will also receive CT angiography. The primary endpoint of this trial is the volume of blood loss. The second primary endpoints are the number of retrieved lymph nodes, postoperative recovery course, hospitalization costs, length of hospitalization days, postoperative complications, 3-year OS and 3-year DFS. DISCUSSION: It is anticipated that the results of this trial will provide high-level evidence and have clinical value for the application of CTA in laparoscopic gastrectomy. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT04636099. Registered November 19, 2020.

Low serum albumin may predict poor efficacy in patients with perforated peptic ulcer treated nonoperatively.

BACKGROUND: Nonoperative management (NOM) is a promising therapeutic modality for patients with perforated peptic ulcer (PPU). However, the risk factors for poor efficacy and adverse events of NOM are a concern. AIM: To investigate the factors predictive of poor efficacy and adverse events in patients with PPU treated by NOM. METHODS: This retrospective case-control study enrolled 272 patients who were diagnosed with PPU and initially managed nonoperatively from January 2014 to December 2018. Of these 272 patients, 50 converted to emergency surgery due to a lack of improvement (surgical group) and 222 patients were included in the NOM group. The clinical data of these patients were collected. Baseline patient characteristics and adverse outcomes were compared between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were conducted to investigate the factors predictive of poor efficacy of NOM and adverse outcomes in patients with PPU. RESULTS: Adverse outcomes were observed in 71 patients (32.0%). Multivariate analyses revealed that low serum albumin level was an independent predictor for poor efficacy of NOM and adverse outcomes in patients with PPU. CONCLUSION: Low serum albumin level may be used as an indicator to help predict the poor efficacy of NOM and adverse outcomes, and can be used for risk stratification in patients with PPU.

Association of Abdominal Incision Length With Gastrointestinal Function Recovery Post-operatively: A Multicenter Registry System-Based Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objective: To evaluate the influence of the abdominal incision length on the gastrointestinal function recovery post-operatively. Background: Gut motility recovers more quickly after the minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery compared than after the traditional open surgery; however, whether the minimal abdominal incision contributes to the faster gut motility recovery is controversial and lacks solid clinical evidence. Methods: A registry-based secondary cohort analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between the abdominal incision length and gut motility recovery post-operatively based on a multicenter, prospective, and observational study of the prolonged post-operative ileus (PPOI) incidence and the risk factors in the patients with the major abdominal surgery. The incision length, in the centimeters, was the exposure. The primary outcome measures were the PPOI incidence and its association with the incision length. The secondary outcome included the days to the first passage of flatus and the days to the first passage of stool. Results: Overall, 1,840 patients, including 287 (15.7%) patients with the PPOI, were recruited. The PPOI incidence was 17.6% and 13.3% in the long-incision (>18 cm) and short-incision patients ( ≤ 18 cm), respectively. The incidence of the PPOI increased by 1.1% (1.0-1.1) by each centimeter increment of the incision length after adjusting for the confounding factors. In comparison to the short-incision patients, the long-incision patients had prolonged passage of stool (4.46 vs. 4.95 days, p < 0.001). Each centimeter increment of the incision length contributed to a 2% increased risk of delay in the first bowel movement [hazard ratio (HR) 0.980 (0.967, 0.994)]. Conclusion: A long abdominal incision length independently contributed to the prolonged gut function recovery post-operatively mainly by delaying the time to the first bowel movement, but not influencing the time to first passage of flatus.

Prognostic Factors for Primary Localized Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors After Radical Resection: Shandong Gastrointestinal Surgery Study Group, Study 1201.

BACKGROUND: Most previous risk-prediction models for gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) were based on Western populations. In the current study, we collected data from 23 hospitals in Shandong Province, China, and used the data to examine prognostic factors in Chinese patients and establish a new recurrence-free survival (RFS) prediction model. METHODS: Records were analyzed for 5285 GIST patients. Independent prognostic factors were identified using Cox models. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to compare a novel RFS prediction model with current risk-prediction models. RESULTS: Overall, 4216 patients met the inclusion criteria and 3363 completed follow-up. One-, 3-, and 5-year RFS was 94.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 93.8-95.4), 85.9% (95% CI 84.7-87.1), and 78.8% (95% CI 77.0-80.6), respectively. Sex, tumor location, size, mitotic count, and rupture were independent prognostic factors. A new prognostic index (PI) was developed: PI = 0.000 (if female) + 0.270 (if male) + 0.000 (if gastric GIST) + 0.350 (if non-gastric GIST) + 0.000 (if no tumor rupture) + 1.259 (if tumor rupture) + 0.000 (tumor mitotic count < 6 per 50 high-power fields [HPFs]) + 1.442 (tumor mitotic count between 6 and 10 per 50 HPFs) + 2.026 (tumor mitotic count > 10 per 50 HPFs) + 0.096 × tumor size (cm). Model-predicted 1-, 3-, and 5-year RFS was S(12, X) = 0.9926exp(PI), S(36, X) = 0.9739exp(PI) and S(60, X) = 0.9471exp(PI), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Sex, tumor location, size, mitotic count, and rupture were independently prognostic for GIST recurrence. Our RFS prediction model is effective for Chinese GIST patients.

Continuous irrigation and suction with a triple-cavity drainage tube in combination with sequential somatostatin-somatotropin administration for the management of postoperative high-output enterocutaneous fistulas: Three case reports and literature review.

INTRODUCTION: Enterocutaneous fistula is considered one of the most serious complications in general surgery and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Although various treatments are reported to have varying success, high-output enterocutaneous fistulas (output over 500 ml/day) continue to be associated with high mortality, and few papers on this topic exist in the literature. The aim of this study is to describe an effective multidisciplinary treatment method for postoperative high-output enterocutaneous fistula and discuss the clinical development of the therapeutic strategy. PATIENT CONCERNS: Three patients suffered high-output enterocutaneous fistulas, in which case 1 presented with duodenal fistula, case 2 with ileal fistula, and case 3 with small bowel fistula. DIAGNOSIS: All 3 cases were diagnosed with high-output enterocutaneous fistulas by drainage of intestinal contents. INTERVENTIONS: With the exception of routine treatment including fluid resuscitation, correction of the electrolyte balance, control of infection, and optimal nutrition, all the cases accepted continuous irrigation and suction with triple-cavity drainage tubes in combination with sequential somatostatin-somatotropin administration were given. With regard to establishing effective drainage, the triple-cavity tube placement was performed by insertion through the initial drainage channel in case 1, percutaneous puncture with dilation by graduated dilators in case 2, and tract reconstruction in case 3. The technical details of the approach are described and clinical characteristics including fistula location, defect size, output volume, approach of triple-cavity tube placement, length of fistula tract, somatostatin and somatotropin administration time, and fistula healing time were recorded and compared. In addition, other various techniques reported in the literature are reviewed and discussed. OUTCOMES: All the patients were cured by the multidisciplinary treatments and were followed up without fistula recurrence and other relevant complications at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after the treatments. CONCLUSION: The strategy involving continuous irrigation and suction with a triple-cavity drainage tube in combination with sequential somatostatin-somatotropin administration may be a safe and effective alternative treatment for postoperative high-output enterocutaneous fistula and a more practical method that is easy to execute to manage this problem. Long-term studies, involving more patients, are still necessary to confirm this suggestion.

Endoscopic nasogastric tube insertion for treatment of benign afferent loop obstruction after radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer: A 16-year retrospective single-center study.

Afferent loop obstruction is an uncommon complication associated with Billroth-II distal gastrectomy. Inappropriate treatment may result in life-threatening events as perforation and peritonitis. For the benign afferent loop obstruction, Braun or Roux-en-Y reconstruction has been reported as the choice. However, the edematous afferent loop may result in anastomotic fistula. In this study, a less invasive technique was described for treatment of benign afferent loop obstruction. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness and safety of endoscopic nasogastric tube insertion for treatment of benign afferent loop obstruction.We conducted a retrospective review of the data of 2548 gastric cancer patients who underwent distal gastrectomy from January 2002 to January 2018. Patients who developed benign afferent loop obstruction were treated by this procedure. Outcomes were recorded. Follow-up was scheduled at 3, 6, and 12 months after the treatment.Twenty-six patients (1.0%) developed afferent loop obstruction. The median age, consisting of 19 men and 7 women, was 60 years (range 36-69 years). Of these 26 patients, 23 underwent the endoscopic treatment. The obstructive symptoms had a rapid relief in all the 23 patients. No one died due to this procedure. However, 2 patients underwent surgical treatment due to intestinal obstruction because of adhesion at >4 and 7 months after the endoscopic drainage, respectively.Endoscopic nasogastric tube insertion is an effective and safe procedure for treatment of benign afferent loop obstruction. In addition, it could be considered as the first step in treatment, especially in high-surgical-risk patients.

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit G (EIF3G) resensitized HCT116/5-Fu to 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) via inhibition of MRP and MDR1.

PURPOSE: Colorectal cancer (CRC) has become a predominant cancer and accounts for approximately 10% of cancer-related mortality. Drug resistance still remains a priority mortality factor for patients due to no available therapeutic alternatives. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms how eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit G (EIF3G) resensitized 5-Fu-resistant human CRC cells (HCT116/5-Fu) to 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu). METHODS: Multiple cellular and molecular biology experiments were performed in the present study, such as CCK-8, western blotting and flow cytometry. RESULTS: We found that EIF3G is highly expressed at RNA and protein levels in HCT116/5-Fu cells compared with HCT116 cells using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. In addition, silencing EIF3G enhanced 5-Fu-induced apoptosis in HCT116/5-Fu cells. Moreover, EIF3G silencing decreased the activity of the drug-related proteins MDR1 and MRP levels in HCT116/5-Fu cells. Finally, the xenograft tumor model further confirmed that EIF3G resensitized HCT116/5-Fu tumors to 5-Fu. We observed that EIF3G silencing followed by 5-Fu administration had a synergistic interaction effect on HCT116/5-Fu in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate that EIF3G is a targetable regulator of chemoresistance in CRC, and inhibiting EIF3G in combination with 5-Fu might be a potential therapeutic strategy for colon cancer.

hmiR-34c-3p upregulation inhibits the proliferation of colon cancer cells by targeting EIF3D.

Our study desired to investigate how miR-34c-3p regulates colon cancer cell proliferation and what is the relationship between miR-34c-3p and EIF3D. HCEpiC (normal human colonic epithelial cells), SW620, HT-29, SW480, and HCT-116 (human colon cancer cells lines) were used in our study. SW620 cells were chosen and divided into blank, miR-34c-3p mimics, miR-34c-3p NC, miR-34c-3p inhibitors, Lv-EIF3D, Lv-NC, and miR-34c-3p mimics+Lv-EIF3D groups. qRT-PCR was used for the detection of miR-34c-3p and EIF3D mRNA expressions. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to investigate the effect of miR-34c-3p on EIF3D. Western blot was performed to detect EIF3D, cyclin D1, and c-Myc expressions. Clone formation and MTT assay were used to measure cell proliferation ability. colon cancer cells had lower miR-34c-3p expression, but higher EIF3D expression compared with HCEpiC. EIF3D mRNA expression was regulated negatively by miR-34c-3p. In the miR-34c-3p mimics group, colon cancer cell proliferation was significantly decreased, whereas c-Myc and cyclin D1 expressions were downregulated. Colon cancer cell proliferation in miR-34c-3p inhibitors and Lv-EIF3D groups was enhanced, and c-Myc and cyclin D1 expressions were decreased. The results suggested that by targeting EIF3D, miR-34c-3p inhibited colon cancer cell proliferation.

Cholinesterase inhibitors for the treatment of delirium in non-ICU settings.

BACKGROUND: Delirium is a common clinical syndrome defined as alterations in attention with an additional disturbance in cognition or perception, which develop over a short period of time and tend to fluctuate during the course of the episode. Delirium is commonly treated in hospitals or community settings and is often associated with multiple adverse outcomes such as increased cost, morbidity, and even mortality. The first-line intervention involves a multicomponent non-pharmacological approach that includes ensuring effective communication and reorientation in addition to providing reassurance or a suitable care environment. There are currently no drugs approved specifically for the treatment of delirium. Clinically, however, various medications are employed to provide symptomatic relief, such as antipsychotic medications and cholinesterase inhibitors, among others. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of cholinesterase inhibitors for treating people with established delirium in a non-intensive care unit (ICU) setting. SEARCH METHODS: We searched ALOIS, which is the Cochrane Dementia and Cognitive Improvement Group's Specialised Register, on 26 October 2017. We also cross-checked the reference lists of included studies to identify any potentially eligible trials. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomised controlled trials, published or unpublished, reported in English or Chinese, which compared cholinesterase inhibitors to placebo or other drugs intended to treat people with established delirium in a non-ICU setting. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We used the standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane. The primary outcomes were duration of delirium, severity of delirium, and adverse events. The secondary outcomes were use of rescue medications, persistent cognitive impairment, length of hospitalisation, institutionalisation, mortality, cost of intervention, leaving the study early, and quality of life. For dichotomous outcomes, we calculated the risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs); for continuous outcomes we calculated the mean difference (MD) with 95% CIs. We assessed the quality of evidence using GRADE to generate a 'Summary of findings' table. MAIN RESULTS: We included one study involving 15 participants from the UK. The included participants were diagnosed with delirium based on the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) criteria. Eight males and seven females were included, with a mean age of 82.5 years. Seven of the 15 participants had comorbid dementia at baseline. The risk of bias was low in all domains.The study compared rivastigmine with placebo. We did not find any clear differences between the two groups in terms of duration of delirium (MD -3.6, 95% CI -15.6 to 8.4), adverse events (nausea, RR 0.30, 95% CI 0.01 to 6.29), use of rescue medications (RR 0.13, 95% CI 0.01 to 2.1), mortality (RR 0.10, 95% CI 0.01 to 1.56), and leaving the study early (RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.07 to 11.54). Evidence was not available regarding the severity of delirium, persistent cognitive impairment, length of hospitalisation, cost of intervention, or other predefined secondary outcomes.The quality of evidence is low due to the very small sample size. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: There is insufficient evidence to support or refute the use of cholinesterase inhibitors for the treatment of delirium in non-ICU settings. No clear benefits or harms associated with cholinesterase inhibitors were observed when compared with placebo due to the lack of data. More trials are required.

[Analysis of gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors in Shandong Province: a midterm report of multicenter GISSG1201 study].

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the treatment status of gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) in Shandong province,by analyzing the clinicopathological features and prognostic factors. METHODS: Clinicopathological and follow-up data of 1 165 patients with gastric GIST between January 2000 and December 2013 from 23 tertiary referral hospitals in Shandong Province were collected to establish a database. The risk stratification of all cases was performed according to the National Institutes of Health(NIH) criteria proposed in 2008. Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the survival rate. Log-rank test and Cox regression model were used for univariate and multivariate prognostic analyses. RESULTS: Among 1 165 cases of gastric GIST, 557 were male and 608 were female. The median age of onset was 60 (range 15-89) years. Primary tumors were located in the gastric fundus and cardia in 623 cases(53.5%), gastric body in 346 cases(29.7%), gastric antrum in 196 cases(16.8%). All the cases underwent resection of tumors, including endoscopic resection (n=106), local resection (n=589), subtotal gastrectomy(n=399), and total gastrectomy(n=72). Based on the NIH risk stratification, there were 256 cases (22.0%) at very low risk, 435 (37.3%) at low risk, 251 cases (21.5%) at intermediate risk, and 223 cases (19.1%) at high risk. A total of 1 116 cases(95.8%) were followed up and the median follow-up period was 40 (range, 1-60) months. During the period, 337 patients relapsed and the median time to recurrence was 34 (range 1-60) months. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 98.6%, 86.1% and 73.4%, respectively. The 5-year survival rates of patients at very low, low, intermediate, and high risk were 93.1%, 85.8%, 63.0% and 42.3% respectively, with a statistically significant difference (P=0.000). Multivariate analysis showed that primary tumor site (RR=0.580, 95%CI:0.402-0.835), tumor size (RR=0.450, 95%CI:0.266-0.760), intraoperative tumor rupture(RR=0.557, 95%CI:0.336-0.924), risk classification (RR=0.309, 95%CI:0.164-0.580) and the use of imatinib after surgery (RR=1.993, 95%CI:1.350-2.922) were independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS: The choice of surgical procedure for gastric GIST patients should be based on tumor size. All the routine procedures including endoscopic resection, local excision, subtotal gastrectomy and total gastrectomy can obtain satisfactory curative outcomes. NIH classification has a high value for the prediction of prognosis. Primary tumor site, tumor size, intraoperative tumor rupture, risk stratification and postoperative use of imatinib are independent prognostic factors in gastric GIST patients.

Intraoperative transillumination with water-filling of lumen for localizing lesions in occult small bowel bleeding: Case report.

RATIONALE: Occult small bowel bleeding is always difficult to locate by either radiological examination or endoscopy. When the site of bleeding cannot be found by nonsurgical measures, exploratory laparotomy becomes necessary. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 63-year-old woman with a half-month history of occult gastrointestinal bleeding failed to many conservative therapies. INTERVENTIONS: Intraoperative transillumination with water-filling of lumen was performed. DIAGNOSES: Small bowel bleeding was diagnosed intraoperatively. OUTCOMES: Segmental resection of the diseased small bowel with side-to-side anastomosis was performed while the histology showed no significant abnormality. LESSONS: The technique of intraoperative transillumination with water-filling of lumen allows simple, accurate, and rapid localization of lesions in occult small bowel bleeding and facilitates precise and definitive surgery.

Inhibition of green tea polyphenol EGCG((-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate) on the proliferation of gastric cancer cells by suppressing canonical wnt/ß-catenin signalling pathway.

(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major polyphenol in green tea, could affect carcinogenesis and development of many cancers. However, the effects and underlying mechanisms of EGCG on gastric cancer remain unclear. We found that EGCG significantly inhibited proliferation and increased apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells in vitro. The decreased expressions of p-ß-catenin(Ser552), p-GSK3ß(S9) and ß-catenin target genes were detected in SGC-7901 cells after treated by EGCG. XAV939 and ß-catenin plasmid were further used to demonstrate the inhibition of EGCG on canonical Wnt/ß-catenin signalling. Moreover, EGCG significantly inhibited gastric tumour growth in vivo by inhibiting Wnt/ß-catenin signalling. Taken together, our findings establish that EGCG suppressed gastric cancer cell proliferation and demonstrate that this inhibitory effect is related to canonical Wnt/ß-catenin signalling. This study raises a new insight into gastric cancer prevention and therapy, and provides evidence that green tea could be used as a nutraceutical beverage.

[Impact of microbial immune enteral nutrition on postoperative insulin resistance and infectious complication of patients with abdominal infection].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of microbial immune enteral nutrition composed of probiotics, deep sea fish oil, glutamine and nutrison on postoperative immune status, insulin resistance and infectious complication morbidity in patients with abdominal infection. METHODS: From September 2010 to April 2013 in Shandong Liaocheng City Hospital, 96 patients with upper gastrointestinal perforation were prospectively randomized into the treatment group (microbial immune enteral nutrition, n=48) and the control group(conventional enteral nutrition, n=48). Number of T cell subsets (CD3(+), CD4(+), CD8(+), CD4(+)/CD8(+)) and natural killer (NK) cell, procalcitonin (PCT), fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin (FINS), insulin resistance index (InHOMA-IR) calculated by the homeostasis model assessment(HOMA) were detected before operation and on days 3 and 7 after operation and compared between the two groups. The incidence of postoperative infectious complication was collected and compared as well. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in immune indexes and insulin resistance-associated indexes between the two groups before operation and on the day 3 after operation(all P>0.05). On postoperative day 7, CD4(+), CD4(+)/CD8(+) and NK cells in treatment group were significantly higher than those in control group [(39.1±4.3)% vs. (30.1±5.7)%, P=0.043; 1.76±0.21 vs. 1.36±0.12, P=0.038; (19.3±4.8)% vs. (13.3±3.2)%, P=0.032], while FINS, lnHOMA-IR and PCT in treatment group were significantly lower than those in control group [(7.3±1.7) mU/L vs. (10.2±2.1) mU/L, P=0.041; 0.60±0.05 vs. 0.88±0.06, P=0.039; (0.12±0.07) µg/L vs. (0.35±0.12) µg/L, P=0.028]. Postoperative infectious complication morbidity was significantly lower in treatment group as compared to control group [18.8%(9/48) vs. 39.6%(19/48), P=0.025]. CONCLUSION: Microbial immune enteral nutrition composed of probiotics, deep sea fish oil, glutamine and nutrison can improve the immune status, decrease the level of insulin resistance, and reduce the incidence of postoperative infectious complication for patients with abdominal infection due to upper gastrointestinal perforation.

The impact of microbial immune enteral nutrition on the patients with acute radiation enteritis in bowel function and immune status.

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of microbial immune enteral nutrition by microecopharmaceutics and deep sea fish oil and glutamine and Peptisorb on the patients with acute radiation enteritis in bowel function and immune status. From June 2010 to January 2013, 46 acute radiation enteritis patients in Liaocheng People's Hospital were randomized into the microbial immune enteral nutrition group and the control group: 24 patients in treatment group and 22 patients in control group. The immune microbial nutrition was given to the study group, but not to the control group. The concentration of serum albumin and prealbumin and the number of CD3 (+) T cell, CD4 (+) T cell, CD8 (+) T cell, CD4 (+)/CD8 (+) and natural killer cell of the two groups were detected on the 1, 7 and 14 days after treatment. The arm muscle circumference and triceps skinfold thickness (TSF) were recorded, and the tolerance of the two groups for enteral nutrition and intestinal symptoms was collected and then comparing the two indicators and get results. The tolerance of microbial immune enteral nutrition group about abdominal pain, bloating and diarrhea was better than the control group (P values were 0.018, 0.04 and 0.008 after 7 days; P values were 0.018, 0.015 and 0.002 after 14 days); and the cellular immune parameters were better than the control group((△) P = 0.008,([Symbol: see text]) P = 0.039, (☆) P = 0.032); No difference was found in nutrition indicators. To the patients with acute radiation enteritis, microbial immune enteral nutrition could improve the patient's immune status, and the tolerance of enteral nutrition could be better for the bowel function and the patients' rehabilitation.

[Application of microbiological and immunological enteral nutrition in patients with gastrointestinal cancer complicated with diabetes mellitus].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of microbiological and immunological enteral nutrition using composition of probiotics, glutamine, fish oil, and peptisorb on patients with gastrointestinal cancer complicated with diabetes mellitus. METHODS: From January 2007 to October 2010, 67 patients with gastrointestinal cancer complicated with diabetes mellitus were admitted to the Liaocheng People's Hospital of Shandong Province and were randomized into the treatment group(n=33, enteral nutrition with probiotics, glutamine, and fish oil) and the routine group(n=34, regular enteral nutrition). Fasting blood glucose(FBG), insulin(FINS), number of lymphocytes(including CD3(+)T cell, CD4(+)T cell, CD8(+)T cell, CD4(+)/CD8(+)) and natural killer (NK) cells of the two groups were detected on the day before surgery and postoperative day 3 and 7. Insulin resistance index (InHOMA-IR) was calculated by using the homeostasis model assessment(HOMA). The incidence of nosocomial infections and intestinal function recovery time, and length of hospital stay were collected. RESULTS: On postoperative day 7, FINS[(8.4±3.7) mU/L vs. (13.7±5.4) mU/L, P<0.05] and InHOMA-IR(1.11±0.23 vs. 1.68±0.39, P<0.05) were lower in the treatment group than that in the routine group. The number of CD4(+)[(45.2±5.4)% vs. (38.1±2.9)%, P<0.05], CD4/CD8 (2.05±0.27 vs. 1.58±0.16, P<0.05), and NK cells [(19.5±6.6)% vs. (15.4±5.6)%, P<0.05] were higher in the treatment group. There were no significant differences in nosocomial infection [6.1%(2/33) vs. 17.6%(6/34), P>0.05] and intestinal function recovery time[(69.3±9.5) h vs. (70.1±11.6) h, P>0.05] between the two groups. However, the length of hospital stay [(17±3.8) d vs. (21±4.2) d, P<0.05] was significantly shorter in the treatment group. CONCLUSION: For patients with gastrointestinal cancer complicated with diabetes mellitus, microbiota enteral nutrition can reduce insulin resistance, improve the immune status, and promote postoperative recovery.