Generation, mechanisms, kinetics, and effects of gaseous chlorine dioxide in food preservation.

Food preservation is a critical issue in ensuring food safety and quality. Growing concern around industrial pollution of food and demand for environmentally sustainable food has led to increased interest in developing effective and eco-friendly preservation techniques. Gaseous ClO2 has gained attention for its strong oxidizing properties, high efficacy in microorganism inactivation, and potential for preserving the attributes and nutritional quality of fresh food while avoiding the formation of toxic byproducts or unacceptable levels of residues. However, the widespread use of gaseous ClO2 in the food industry is limited by several challenges. These include large-scale generation, high cost and environmental considerations, a lack of understanding of its mechanism of action, and the need for mathematical models to predict inactivation kinetics. This review aims to provide an overview of the up-to-date research and application of gaseous ClO2 . It covers preparation methods, preservation mechanisms, and kinetic models that predict the sterilizing efficacy of gaseous ClO2 under different conditions. The impacts of gaseous ClO2 on the quality attributes of fresh produce and low-moisture foods, such as seeds, sprouts, and spices, are also summarized. Overall, gaseous ClO2 is a promising preservation approach, and future studies are needed to address the challenges in large-scale generation and environmental considerations and to develop standardized protocols and databases for safe and effective use in the food industry.

Rural migration, governance, and public health nexus: Implications for economic development.

With the deepening of rural aging and the increasing role of human capital in the non-agricultural employment labor market, this paper uses the data of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), ordinary least squares (OLS) and instrumental variable method (IV) to try to examine the impact of rural migrant workers' education on their parents' health. Since a rural family may include more than one child, a sample of migrant workers with a high education level is used in the benchmark regression, and a sample of migrant workers with a low education level is used to test the robustness of the relationship. The results showed that the education of migrant workers had a significant positive impact on parents' health. The sample with the least education was used for the robustness, and the results did not change. The IV-probit method is used to address potential endogeneity, and the results remain stable. Heterogeneity analysis shows that there are significant differences in the impact of migrant workers' education on the health of parents from different groups. This positive effect has a greater impact on the health of parents who are older, less educated, and do not live with their children. Mediation analysis shows that children's economic ability, captured by income and work type, and their parents' health behavior, captured by sleep, alcohol consumption, and physical examinations, mediate this relationship. Thus, migrant workers' education affects their parents' health mainly through relaxing budget constraints and improving their parents' health production efficiency. In addition, this paper also found that education of migrant workers may significantly increase parental depression. Based on the above analysis, this paper argues that increasing investment in rural education is conducive to improving the health of migrant farmers' parents, thereby promoting the transfer of rural labor to non-agricultural industries and cities, curbing the rapid rise in labor costs, and promoting the healthy development of the economy.

Evaluating the influence of financial investment in compulsory education on the health of Chinese adolescents: a novel approach.

BACKGROUND: With China's aging and declining fertility rate, the importance of population quality is increasing. As the main force of the labor market in the future, the Chinese government tries to promote the development of adolescents by increasing the financial investment in compulsory education, so as to improve the future population quality of China and enhance the national competitiveness. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between financial investment in compulsory education and the health of Chinese adolescents. METHODS: This study specifically uses data obtained from China Education Panel Survey (CEPS). The data were nationally representative, which covered families, schools, and communities. For the CEPS data obtained, the 2013-2014 school year was the baseline, and two cohorts of 7th and 9th graders were the starting point of the survey. In the 2014-2015 school year, 8th-grade students who participated in the baseline survey (7th-grade students in the 2013-2014 school year) were followed up. Since the second period only began to investigate the data on financial investment in compulsory education, this article uses the data from the 2014-2015 academic year for research. OLS and Ordered Probit models were used to investigate the impact of financial investment in compulsory education on adolescent health. RESULTS: With the doubling of financial investment in compulsory education, self-rated health increased by 0.021, frequency of illness decreased by 0.03, the number of sick leave days decreased by 0.207, and depression decreased by 0.191. The heterogeneity analysis shows that compared to only-child, high-income and nonagricultural groups, the financial investment in compulsory education has a greater impact on the health of adolescents with the characteristics of agriculture hukou, non-only-child and low-income families. Further analysis of the impact mechanism shows that financial investment in compulsory education exerts a significant influence on the health of adolescents by easing family budget constraints, improving school sports facilities, and increasing the expected return of health investment and social capital. CONCLUSIONS: Financial investment in compulsory education can enhance the health of adolescents, and vulnerable groups benefit more, which is conducive to promoting health equity.

Assessing the cooking oil fume exposure impacts on Chinese women health: an influential mechanism analysis.

Oil fume is always considered as a major source of indoor air pollution. This article aims to examine the effects of cooking oil fume as environmental pollution on the health of Chinese women by using the data obtained from China Labor force Dynamic Survey (CLDS). In order to estimate the effect of environmental pollution on the human health, we utilize probit model approach and baseline regression method. The results showed that oil fume has a significant negative impact on the health indicators of "physical pain, health impact on work and injury." By conducting endogeneity analysis, our results show the robustness and indicate that oil fume has a robust effect on the women health. Heterogeneity analysis show that heavier oil fume has a negative impact on the subjective health of middle-aged and young women, while it has  a significant negative impact on the objective health of middle-aged women. Analysis of the impact mechanism reveal that heavier oil fumes will reduce women's sleep quality and will lead to the poorer health. Based on our study findings, this study proposes policy recommendations from the perspectives of the use of smoke extraction equipment, cooking methods, and sleep quality to reduce the negative impact of cooking fumes on women's health.

Internet use, employment performance and the health of Chinese residents.

Using data from the China Labor-force Dynamics Survey 2016, this study examines the effects of Internet use on Chinese resident health and the role of employment performance in this process. The results show that Internet use had a significant positive effect on the health of Chinese residents. After addressing potential endogeneity by applying appropriate instrumental variable estimation, the main findings remain robust. Heterogeneity analysis found that the Internet is conducive to improving the health of older, less-educated and female residents, which suggests that the Internet can narrow the health gap of residents with different ages, education levels and genders. Through the analysis of the impact mechanism, it was found that although Chinese residents can improve their health by enhancing their employment performance with the help of the Internet, the mediating effect accounts for <20%, indicating that the role of employment performance in the process of improving the health of Chinese residents through Internet use is very limited. Finally, suggestions are given to promote the healthy development of China via the effects of Internet use.

Observation on the intervention effect of massage loosening method combined with PNF stretching method on the imbalance of neck and shoulder muscles of college students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the intervention effect of massage relaxation method combined with PNF stretching method on the imbalance of neck and shoulder muscles of college students, and provide a reference for effectively improving the health of neck and shoulder muscles among college students.@*Methods@#Totally 84 college students with neck and shoulder muscle imbalance from March 2017 to March 2018 due to prolonged bowing were selected as subjects. They were randomly divided into two groups(n=42): the control group was given regular strength training, and the observation group was provided with more strength training by Massage relaxation method and PNF stretching method was used for therapeutic intervention. Then the degrees of neck and shoulder muscle pain, joint mobility, round shoulder angle, and head extension angle were compared before and after intervention of two groups.@*Results@#Compared with the results before intervention, the VAS score of the observation group was significantly lower after the intervention, and there was no significant change in the control group, and the VAS score of the observation group was(3.23±1.29), which was significantly lower than that of the control group (4.26±1.42)(P<0.05). The head extension angle and the round shoulder angle of the observation group respectively were (28.24±4.14)° and (35.68±6.29)°, and the control group respectively were (32.21±6.27)° and (41.86±5.38)°. The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The neck joint flexion, extension, left-handedness, right-handedness, left flexion, right flexion, left-handed and right-handed motion of the observation group respectively were (67.24±7.15)°, (68.82±4.66)°, (73.21±4.83)°, (73.56±5.13)°, (38.18±5.14)°and (38.85±2.33)°, all significantly higher than the control group(P<0.05). The muscle tension (left), muscle tension (right), muscle stiffness (left), muscle stiffness (right), muscle elasticity (left), and muscle elasticity (right) of the observation group respectively were(10.21±0.63)Hz, (10.13±0.72)Hz, (174.64±18.15)N/m, (164.34±16.73)N/m, 0.74±0.25 and 0.71±0.33, both significantly lower than the control group(P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Massage loosening combined with PNF stretching method combined with conventional strength training can effectively alleviate the pain caused by the imbalance of neck and shoulder muscles of college students, improve head extension and round shoulder angle, correct neck and shoulder posture, and restore neck and shoulders.