Risk Factor Analysis and Risk Prediction Model Construction of Pressure Injury in Critically Ill Patients with Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study in China.

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to analyze the risk factors of pressure injury (PI) in critically ill patients with cancer to build a risk prediction model for PI. MATERIAL AND METHODS Between January 2018 and December 2019, a total of 486 critically ill patients with cancer were enrolled in the study. Univariate analysis and binary logistic regression analysis were used to explore risk factors. Then, a risk prediction equation was constructed and a receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis model was used for prediction. RESULTS Of the 486 critically ill patients with cancer, 15 patients developed PI. Risk factors found to have a significant impact on PI in critically ill patients with cancer included the APACHE II score (P<0.001), semi-reclining position (P=0.006), humid environment/moist skin (P<0.001), and edema (P<0.001). These 4 independent risk factors were used in the regression equation, and the risk prediction equation was constructed as Z=0.112×APACHE II score +2.549×semi-reclining position +2.757×moist skin +1.795×edema-9.086. From the ROC curve analysis, the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.938, sensitivity was 100.00%, specificity was 83.40%, and Youden index was 0.834. CONCLUSIONS The PI risk prediction model developed in this study has a high predictive value and provides a basis for PI prevention and treatment measures for critically ill patients with cancer.

Novel double layer lanthanide metal-organic networks for sensing applications.

A trifunctional aromatic building block (H2L) containing three different types of functional groups (carboxyl C([double bond, length as m-dash]O)OH, aldehyde C([double bond, length as m-dash]O)H, and O-ether) was applied for the hydrothermal synthesis of two novel lanthanide 2D coordination polymers [Ln(µ-HL)(µ3-L)(phen)]n {Ln = Tb (1) and Eu (2); H2L = 5-methoxy-(4-benzaldehyde)-1,3-benzene dicarboxylic acid; phen = 1,10-phenanthroline}. Both compounds 1 and 2 are isostructural and reveal very complicated 2D metal-organic double layers with the 3,4L27 topology. The presence of free aldehyde groups positioned outside of the double layers opens up a possibility of using them as functional groups toward sensing amines and small organic molecules. The fluorescence measurements for the Tb derivative 1 reveal that it acts as an efficient fluorescence sensor for p-phenylenediamine, benzidine and acetone molecules via a luminescence quenching effect. A similar sensing behavior was observed for the Eu compound 2. Moreover, thin-films of 1-PEG on glass (1-PEG-glass thin-film material) were fabricated and investigated for the detection of amine vapors.

Rationally designed anion-responsive-organogels: sensing F⁻ via reversible color changes in gel-gel states with specific selectivity.

Through the rational introduction of the multi self-assembly driving forces and F(-) sensing sites into a gelator molecule, low-molecular-weight organogelators L1 and L2 were designed and synthesized. L1 and L2 showed excellent gelation ability in DMF and DMSO. They could form stable organogels (OGL1 and OGL2) in DMF and DMSO with very low critical gelation concentrations. OGL1 and OGL2 could act as anion-responsive organogels (AROGs). Unlike most of the reported AROGs showing gel-sol phase transition according to the anions' stimulation, OGL1 could colorimetrically sense F(-) under gel-gel states. Upon addition of F(-), OGL1 showed dramatic color changes, while the color could be recovered by adding H(+). Moreover, OGL1 showed specific selectivity for F(-), other common anions and cations could not lead to any similar response. What deserves to be mentioned is that the report on specific sensing of anions under gel-gel states is very scarce. The gel-gel state recognition can endow the organogel OGL1 with the merits of facile and efficient properties for rapid detection of F(-). Therefore, OGL1 could act as a F(-) responsive smart material.

An 1,3,4-oxadiazole-based OFF-ON fluorescent chemosensor for Zn2+ in aqueous solution and imaging application in living cells.

A new 1,3,4-oxadiazole-based fluorescence chemosensor 1, N-(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-N-(5-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)-[1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-yl)glycine ethyl ester, has been designed and synthesized. Its fluorescence properties and selectivity for various metal ions were investigated in detail. A prominent fluorescence enhancement only for Zn(2+) was found in aqueous acetonitrile solution and the response mechanism of 1 was analyzed by time-resolved fluorescence decay and DFT calculations. Furthermore, the fluorescence imaging of Zn(2+) in living cells was successfully applied.

Chiral resolution of a racemic macrocyclic complex by recognition of one enantiomer over the other: structures and DFT calculations.

The enantiopure agents d- and l-leucine, selectively bind RR and SS enantiomers from a racemate [Ni(alpha-rac-L)](2+) to give {[Ni(RR-L)(d-HLeu)](ClO(4))(2)}(n) (Delta-) and {[Ni(SS-L)(l-HLeu)](ClO(4))(2)}(n) (Lambda-), respectively, and leave the corresponding uninteracted SS and RR enantiomers of [Ni(alpha-SS-L)](ClO(4))(2) (S-) and [Ni(alpha-RR-L)](ClO(4))(2) (R-). Occasionally, a few crystals of {[Ni(RR-L)(l-HLeu)](ClO(4))(2)}(n) (Delta-) and {[Ni(SS-L)(d-HLeu)](ClO(4))(2)}(n) (Lambda-) were found to have accreted with the crystals of Lambda-/R-, and Delta-/S-, respectively (the yields are less than 2%). The results of X-ray crystal structural analysis reveal that Delta- and Lambda-, S- and R-, and Delta- and Lambda- are enantiomers, in which Delta- and Delta- possess 1D right-handed helical chains, while Lambda- and Lambda- exhibit a motif of 1D left-handed helical chains. The results of DFT calculations reveal that the single-point energies of [Ni(RR-L)(d-HLeu)](2+)/[Ni(SS-L)(l-HLeu)](2+) in Delta-/Lambda- are 582 kJ mol(-1) lower than those of [Ni(RR-L)(l-HLeu)](2+)/[Ni(SS-L)(d-HLeu)](2+) in Delta-/Lambda-, demonstrating the favorable stereo-coordination environments of [Ni(alpha-RR-L)](2+) and [Ni(alpha-SS-L)](2+) towards d and l-HLeu, respectively.

Mechanistic studies of C-C bond cleavage of nitriles by dinuclear metal cryptates.

We previously reported that dinuclear copper(II) cryptate [Cu(2)L](4+) cleaves the C-C bond of acetonitrile at room temperature to produce a cyano-bridged dinuclear cryptate and methanol, whereby the reaction mechanism has not yet become clear. We have now systemically investigated this reaction, and four cryptates, [Cu(2)L](ClO(4))(4) (1), [Zn(2)L](ClO(4))(4) (2), [Cu(2)L(H(2)O)(2)](CF(3)SO(3))(4) (5), and [Cu(2)L(OH)(OH(2))](ClO(4))(3) (6) are reported here. Cryptates 1 and 2 can cleave the C--C bonds of acetonitrile, propionitrile, and benzonitrile at room temperature under open atmospheric conditions to give cyano-bridged cryptates [Cu(2)L(CN)](ClO(4))(3) (3) and [Zn(2)L(CN)](ClO(4))(3) (4), respectively, and the corresponding alcohol. In contrast, 5 and 6 do not show any C-C bond activation of nitriles, as the interior axial positions of Cu(II) in 5 and 6 are occupied by water/OH(-). The C-C bond cleavage of (S)-(+)-2-methylbutyronitrile by 2 produced (R)-(-)-2-butanol only; that is, the cleavage reaction proceeds through an S(N)2 pathway (Walden inversion).

Anion recognition of chloride and bromide by a rigid dicobalt(II) cryptate.

The crystal structures of [Co 2L(Cl)](ClO 4) 3 ( 1), [Co 2L(Br)](ClO 4) 3 ( 2), [Co 2L(OH)(OH 2)]I 3 ( 3), and [Co 2L (1)(Cl)](ClO 4) 3 ( 4), the density functional theory calculations, as well as the binding constants of [Co 2L] (4+) toward Cl (-) and Br (-) and of [Co 2L (1)] (4+) toward Cl (-), are reported in this paper (L = N[(CH 2) 2NHCH 2(C 6H 4- p)CH 2NH(CH 2) 2] 3N, L (1) = N[(CH 2) 2NHCH 2(C 6H 4- m)CH 2NH(CH 2) 2] 3N). The rigid dicobalt(II) cryptate [Co 2L] (4+) shows the recognition of Cl (-) and Br (-) but not of F (-) and I (-), because of the size matching to its rigid cavity. We also found that the relative rigid tripodal skeleton of L than that of L (1) results in the higher affinity of [Co 2L] (4+) toward Cl (-). Magnetic susceptibility measurements of 1 and 2 indicate that the two Co(II) atoms in the cryptates are antiferromagnetically coupled through the Cl (-)/Br (-) bridge, with g = 2.19, J = -13.7 cm (-1) for 1, and g = 2.22, J = -17.1 cm (-1) for 2.