[Role of nasal microbiome in chronic sinusitis].

Chronic sinusitis is a common disease in otolaryngology head and neck surgery, but the pathogenesis is unknown. For a long time, we have used fungi, bacterial biofilms, superantigens, and low host immunity as the cause of chronic sinusitis. With the rapid development of molecular biology technology, especially the advancement of DNA sequencing technology, people's research on human microbiome is deeper. We gradually realize the role of bacterial community in chronic sinusitis. This review will describe the role of bacteria in chronic sinusitis from three aspects: the composition of nasal bacterial community, the relationship between bacterial community and inflammatory phenotype, and the role between bacteria-host interaction.

Analysis of pathogenetic process of fungal rhinosinusitis: Report of two cases.

BACKGROUND: Fungal rhinosinusitis is an infectious and/or allergic disease caused by fungi in the sinus and nasal cavity. Due to the warm and humid climate in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, the incidence of fungal rhinosinusitis is higher than that in other provinces. However, its physiological mechanism is not yet clear. Not every patient colonized by fungi develops a fungal infection. To a large extent, the immune status of the patient determines the nature of fungal disease in the nasal passages. The pathologic process of progression from harmless fungal colonization to fungal rhinosinusitis is unclear and has not been reported. CASE SUMMURY: We report two patients, one who developed fungal rhinosinusitis 1.5 years after surgery performed to treat an inverted papilloma, and the other with a history of hypertension and cerebral infarction. Both patients recovered from their surgeries. An average time of 2.5 years elapsed from the development of maxillary sinus cysts to the development of fungal rhinosinusitis. CONCLUSION: According to these case reports, we speculate that the progression of fungal rhinosinusitis from harmless colonization to disease onset requires approximately one to three years and that the length of the process may be related to underlying diseases, surgical treatment, deficient autoimmune status, and abuse of hormone antibiotics and hormones. Additional data are needed to conduct relevant studies to appropriately prevent and treat fungal rhinosinusitis.