Five 3D Co(II)-MOFs constructed from 5-(2-methylimidazol-1-yl) isophthalic acid and different bis(imidazole) ligands and one of their derivatives as an efficient electrocatalyst for ORR.

In this work, four different bis(imidazole) ligands, namely 1,4-bis(1-imidazolyl)benzene (bib), 4,4'-bis(1-imidazolyl)biphenyl (bibp), 1,4-bis (imidazol-1-ylmethylene)benzene) (bimb) and 4,4'-bis(imidazol-1-yl)diphenyl ether (bidpe), were used as the second ligand to give rise to the structural diversity of a coordination polymer based on the cobalt-miipa (H2miipa = 5-(2-methylimidazol-1-yl) isophthalic acid) system. In compound 1, miipa2- coordinates to Co(II) atoms to form the Co-miipa 3D network. On introducing linear bis(imidazole) ligands with different lengths and rigidities into the Co(II)-miipa system, the obtained compounds 2-4 form similar three-fold interpenetrating 3D MOFs constructed from the Co(II)-miipa layers pillared by bis(imidazole) ligands. While introducing the V-shaped half-flexible bis(imidazole) ligands, the obtained compound 5 exhibits a 2D double-layered network built from the Co(II)-miipa 1D quadrangular prism linked by the bis(imidazole) ligand. Each 2D double layer is further interlocked with two neighboring ones to produce an interesting 3D framework. Significantly, CoNC-5 derived from a mixture of dicyandiamide (DCD) and compound 5 with a low void volume shows a superior electrocatalytic performance for the oxygen reduction reaction. The Eonset (0.974 V) and E1/2 (0.830 V) of CoNC-5 in O2-saturated 0.1 M KOH at 1600 rpm and 5 mV s-1 are superior to those of Pt/C (0.968 and 0.799 V). The JL value of CoNC-5 (JL = 5.29 mA cm-2) is higher than that of Pt/C (5.09 mA cm-2).

Three novel MOFs constructed from 1,3,5-tris(1-imidazolyl)benzene and dicarboxylate ligands with selective adsorption for C2H2/C2H4 and C2H6/CH4.

The urothermal reactions of Co(II)/Zn(II) salts with the diverse carboxylic acid and 1,3,5,-tris(1-imidazolyl)benzene(tib) ligands afforded three novel MOFs, namely, [Co3(tib)2(abdc)2(ox)]2·6H2O (1), [Co3O(tib)(abdc)2(DMI)]·2DMI·2H2O (2) and [Zn3I2(tib)2(napdc)2]·2DMI·2H2O (3), (H2abdc = 5-amino-1,3-benzenedicarboxylate, H2napdc = 1,4-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid and DMI = 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone). In compounds 1 and 2, the Co(II) atoms are connected by polycarboxylate ligands to form two-dimensional (2D) layers that are pillared by tib ligands leading to the formation of 3D porous frameworks. In compound 3, the Zn(II) atoms are linked by tib ligands to form one-dimensional ribbon-like chains which are further connected by polycarboxylate ligands, making a 3D framework possible. Compound 1 can selectively adsorb unsaturated hydrocarbon molecules (C2H2 and C2H4) and saturated hydrocarbon molecules (C2H6 and CH4). Specifically, compound 1 has high IAST selectivity for acetylene and methane (0.50 : 0.50, v/v) at 273 K and 1 bar. DFT calculations reveal that the π-conjugated hexagonal carbon ring may be the primary adsorption site because there are π-π interactions between the unsaturated hydrocarbon molecules (C2H2 and C2H4) and the π-conjugated hexagonal carbon ring in the framework of compound 1.

The effect of chelating agents on iron plaques and arsenic accumulation in duckweed (Lemna minor).

Iron plaques have been found to limit the phytoremediation efficiency by reducing iron solubility, while chelating agents can increase the bioavailability of iron from Fe plaques to numerous terrestrial plants. However, the effects of chelating agents on Fe plaques along the As accumulation in aquatic plants remain unknown. In this study, the effects of five chelating agents (EDTA, DTPA, NTA, GLDA, and CA) on the As (As(III) or As(V)), phosphate, and iron uptake by iron plaques and duckweed (Lemna minor) were examined. The results showed that the chelating agents increased the As accumulation in L. minor plants by desorbing and mobilizing As from Fe plaques. The desorption rates of As(V) (As(III)) from the Fe plaques by the chelating agents were 5.26-8.77% (8.70-15.02%), and the plants/DCB extract ratios of As(V) (As(III)) increased from 2.63 ± 0.13 (1.97 ± 0.06) to the peak value of 3.38 ± 0.21 (2.70 ± 0.14) upon adding chelating agents. Besides, the addition of chelating agents increased the uptake of P and Fe by L. minor plants. This work provides a theoretical basis for the remediation of As-contaminated waters by duckweed with the help of chelating agents.

Four 3D Co(ii) MOFs based on 2,4,6-tris(4-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine and polycarboxylic acid ligands and their derivatives as efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction.

Different aromatic polycarboxylic acids are employed as auxiliary ligands to give rise to structural diversities in Co(ii)-tpt (tpt = 2,4,6-tris(4-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine) frameworks. By introducing various secondary aromatic polycarboxylate anions, namely, biphenyl-3,4',5-tricarboxylic acid (H3bpt), 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (H3btc) and 2,6-dimethyl pyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid (H2dmdcpy) into the Co(ii)-tpt system (tpt = 2,4,6-tris(4-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine), four new complexes [Co3(tpt)2(Hbpt)3]·0.5DMDP (1) (DMDP = N,N' = dimethylpropyleneurea), [Co3(btc)2(tpt)(H2O)3]·3H2O (2), [Co2(btc)(tpt)2Cl]·DMDP·1.5H2O (3) and [Co(tpt)(dmdcpy)]·H2O (4) were obtained. Complexes 1 and 2 reveal amazing 3D networks in which the polycarboxylate ligands and Co(ii) ions connect with each other to form regular 3D porous frameworks with 1D cylindrical channels partitioned by virtue of the tpt ligands. Complexes 3 and 4 exhibit unusual 3D frameworks constructed from the Co-polycarboxylate layers pillared by tpt ligands. In addition, compound 1 was chosen as a precursor to prepare Co, N-codoped porous carbon materials (denoted as CoNC) as an eletrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reactions. In particular, the effect of different nitrogen sources on the electrocatalytic performance of MOF derived carbon materials was investigated. We found that although different nitrogen-containing ligands have a certain effect on the electrocatalytic performance of the synthesized CoMOF derived carbon materials, the additional nitrogen source has a significant effect on it. CoNC-A derived from compound 1 exhibits greater limiting current density than that of a Pt/C catalyst, while CoNC-B derived from a mixture of compound 1 and dicyandiamide shows almost identical onset potential but remarkably more positive half-wave potential as well as higher limiting current density as compared to commercial Pt/C catalysts.

Three 3D Co(ii) cluster-based MOFs constructed from polycarboxylate acids and bis(imidazole) ligands and their derivatives: magnetic properties and catalytic performance for the ORR.

Three 3D polymeric complexes containing polynuclear Co(ii) units, [Co3(bpda)3(bib)2]·H2O (1), [Co5(OH)2(H2O)2(bpda)4(bib)2]·2H2O (2), and [Co2(OH)(bib)(bpt)]·H2O (3) (H2bpda = biphenyl-2,4'-dicarboxylic acid, H3bpt = biphenyl-3,4',5-tricarboxylic acid, bib = 1,4-bis(1-imidazolyl)benzene), have been prepared by urothermal synthesis. Complex 1 exhibits an unusual (4,6)-connected 3D network based on binuclear Co(ii) clusters and Co2+ centers bridged by bpda2- and bib ligands. Complex 2, containing a novel pentanuclear Co(ii) cluster, features a porous 3D MOF with a regular nanosized tunnel. Complex 3 contains an interesting tetranuclear Co(ii) cluster and displays an amazing 3D porous MOF built from double-layered 2D [Co2(µ3-OH)(bpt)3]n networks pillared by two rows of bib spacers. In the title complexes, polycarboxylate acids serve to construct and stabilize the polynuclear Co(ii) clusters, while bis(imidazole)s help to expand the dimensionality of MOFs. Complexes 2 and 3 show antiferromagnetic properties. Compound 3 with high surface area, high yield, high purity, and high chemical stability was used as a precursor to fabricate Co,N-codoped porous carbon materials by simple carbonization under an Ar atmosphere. The catalytic properties of the Co,N-codoped porous carbon material derived from complex 3 (denoted as CoNC-3) as an ORR electrocatalyst were studied. CoNC-3 displays superior electrocatalytic performances for the ORR.

Study on Color Quantitative Expression, Replication and Color Origin of Gray-Purple Nephrite from Qinghai, China Based on Spectroscopy Methods.

Color is one of the most important factors in evaluating the quality and price of jewelry. Quantitative research on color of jewels has been a hotspot in gemological science. Whether for jewelry industry or gems research, observing and describing the gems' color characteristics under transmission light is an essential method. This study focuses on building a research method to quantitatively characterize nephrite color, and to determine their color origin based on transmitted spectroscopy techniques. Natural gray-purple nephrite of Sanchahe mining, Qinghai, China was chosen as a typical subject due to its gradual-change color characteristic. We first quantitatively expressed and replicated the different color region on a gray-purple nephrite sample with given thickness (1.0 mm) with UV-Visible absorption spectra and 1976 CIE L*a*b* colorimetric parameters, as well as Adobe Photoshop software. The replicated color of light and dark color regions were both close to the transmitted color observed by naked eyes. It is inferred that the subtle color differences between naked eyes observation and transmitted spectroscopy replication may from the multiple effects of incident light in translucent polycrystalline structure, such as absorption, refraction, diffraction, scattering, and so on. As for the purple color origin, Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy (LA-ICP-MS) showed an increase of the concentrations of manganese (Mn) as the nephrite color becomes darker. Moreover, the emission peak at 585 nm on Photoluminescence (PL) and absorption peak at 530 nm on Ultraviolet Visible (UV-Vis), and the sextet Mn2+ resonance peaks on Electronic Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) provide solid support to prove that Mn2+ should be the main factor contributing to the purple color. This work provides a specific experimental method on quantitative observing and describing the color of gems under transmitted light, and it also offers valuable information on determining the chromophores and color origin.

Berberine-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles are concentrated in the liver and ameliorate hepatosteatosis in db/db mice.

Berberine (BBR) shows very low plasma levels after oral administration due to its poor absorption by the gastrointestinal tract. We have previously demonstrated that BBR showed increased gastrointestinal absorption and enhanced antidiabetic effects in db/db mice after being entrapped into solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs). However, whether BBR-loaded SLNs (BBR-SLNs) also have beneficial effects on hepatosteatosis is not clear. We investigated the effects of BBR-SLNs on lipid metabolism in the liver using histological staining and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis. The results showed that oral administration of BBR-SLNs inhibited the increase of body weight and decreased liver weight in parallel with the reduction of serum alanine transaminase and liver triglyceride levels in db/db mice. The maximum drug concentration in the liver was 20-fold higher than that in the blood. BBR-SLNs reduced fat accumulation and lipid droplet sizes significantly in the liver, as indicated by hematoxylin and eosin and Oil Red O staining. The expression of lipogenic genes, including fatty acid synthase (FAS), stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD1), and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP1c) were downregulated, while lipolytic gene carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT1) was upregulated in BBR-SLN-treated livers. In summary, we have uncovered an unexpected effect of BBR-SLNs on hepatosteatosis treatment through the inhibition of lipogenesis and the induction of lipolysis in the liver of db/db mice.

A novel two-dimensional cadmium(II) complex: poly[diaquatris(µ4-cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylato)bis[2-(pyridin-4-yl)-1H-benzimidazole]tricadmium(II).

The title compound, [Cd3(C8H10O4)3(C12H9N3)2(H2O)2]n or [Cd3(chdc)3(4-PyBIm)2(H2O)2]n, was synthesized hydrothermally from the reaction of Cd(CH3COO)2·2H2O with 2-(pyridin-4-yl)-1H-benzimidazole (4-PyBIm) and cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid (1,4-chdcH2). The asymmetric unit consists of one and a half Cd(II) cations, one 4-PyBIm ligand, one and a half 1,4-chdc(2-) ligands and one coordinated water molecule. The central Cd(II) cation, located on an inversion centre, is coordinated by six carboxylate O atoms from six 1,4-chdc(2-) ligands to complete an elongated octahedral coordination geometry. The two terminal rotationally symmetric Cd(II) cations each exhibits a distorted pentagonal-bipyramidal geometry, coordinated by one N atom from 4-PyBIm, five O atoms from three 1,4-chdc(2-) ligands and one O atom from an aqua ligand. The 1,4-chdc(2-) ligands possess two conformations, i.e. e,e-trans-chdc(2-) and e,a-cis-chdc(2-). The cis-1,4-chdc(2-) ligands bridge the Cd(II) cations to form a trinuclear {Cd3}-based chain along the b axis, while the trans-1,4-chdc(2-) ligands further link adjacent one-dimensional chains to construct an interesting two-dimensional network.

Cd(II) and Co(II) coordination polymers constructed from benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid and 2-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-benzimidazole ligands.

In poly[aqua(µ3-benzene-1,4-dicarboxylato-κ(5)O(1),O(1'):O(1):O(4),O(4'))[2-(pyridin-3-yl-κN)-1H-benzimidazole]cadmium(II)], [Cd(C8H4O4)(C12H9N3)(H2O)]n, (I), each Cd(II) ion is seven-coordinated by the pyridine N atom from a 2-(pyridin-3-yl)benzimidazole (3-PyBIm) ligand, five O atoms from three benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate (1,4-bdc) ligands and one O atom from a coordinated water molecule. The complex forms an extended two-dimensional carboxylate layer structure, which is further extended into a three-dimensional network by hydrogen-bonding interactions. In catena-poly[[diaquabis[2-(pyridin-3-yl-κN)-1H-benzimidazole]cobalt(II)]-µ2-benzene-1,4-dicarboxylato-κ(2)O(1):O(4)], [Co(C8H4O4)(C12H9N3)2(H2O)2]n, (II), each Co(II) ion is six-coordinated by two pyridine N atoms from two 3-PyBIm ligands, two O atoms from two 1,4-bdc ligands and two O atoms from two coordinated water molecules. The complex forms a one-dimensional chain-like coordination polymer and is further assembled by hydrogen-bonding interactions to form a three-dimensional network.

Characterization, pharmacokinetics, and hypoglycemic effect of berberine loaded solid lipid nanoparticles.

The high aqueous solubility, poor permeability, and absorption of berberine (BBR) result in its low plasma level after oral administration, which greatly limits its clinical application. BBR solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) were prepared to achieve improved bioavailability and prolonged effect. Developed SLNs showed homogeneous spherical shapes, small size (76.8 nm), zeta potential (7.87 mV), encapsulation efficiency (58%), and drug loading (4.2%). The power of X-ray diffraction combined with (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was employed to analyze chemical functional groups and the microstructure of BBR-SLNs, and indicated that the drug was wrapped in a lipid carrier. Single dose (50 mg/kg) oral pharmacokinetic studies in rats showed significant improvement (P<0.05) in the peak plasma concentration, area under the curve, and variance of mean residence time of BBR-SLNs when compared to BBR alone (P<0.05), suggesting improved bioavailability. Furthermore, oral administration of both BBR and BBR-SLNs significantly suppressed body weight gain, fasting blood glucose levels, and homeostasis assessment of insulin resistance, and ameliorated impaired glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance in db/db diabetic mice. BBR-SLNs at high dose (100 mg/kg) showed more potent effects when compared to an equivalent dose of BBR. Morphologic analysis demonstrated that BBR-SLNs potentially promoted islet function and protected the islet from regeneration. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that by entrapping BBR into SLNs the absorption of BBR and its anti-diabetic action were effectively enhanced.

(Ethano-lato-κO)[N'-(3-meth-oxy-2-oxidobenzyl-idene-κO(2))benzo-hydrazidato-κ(2)N',O]oxidovanadium(V).

In the title complex, [V(C(15)H(12)N(2)O(4))(C(2)H(5)O)O], the V(V) ion is coordinated by an oxide O atom, an ethano-late anion and two O atoms and one N atom from the tridentate benzo-hydrazidate dianion in a distorted square-pyramidal geometry; the V atom is displaced by 0.4748 (8) Šfrom the basal plane towards the axial oxide O atom. An intra-molecular O-H⋯N hydrogen bond occurs in the benzohydrazidate ligand. Weak inter-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bonding is present in the crystal.

[Gemology characterization and identification of beryllium diffused, heated and untreated bicolor sapphires from Changle City, China].

Be-diffused, heated and untreated bicolor sapphires (blue and yellow) from Changle City, Shandong Province, China were studied by using standard gemological methods, ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, electron microprobe, and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) to obtain the spectra characterization, and to suggest identification methods for them. Only Fe(3+)-Fe3+ absorption bands formed in ultraviolet region appear in Be-diffused bicolor sapphire, which is especially strong at 377 nm. In IR absorption spectra, absorption peak at 3 310 cm(-1) appears in heated and untreated bicolor sapphires, while it disappears in Be-diffused bicolor sapphire. Therefore, UV-Vis and IR absorption spectra can be used to identify Be-diffused, heated and untreated bicolor sapphires. On the other hand, methylene iodide immersion observation also can be used to identify Be-diffused bicolor sapphire.

[Case-control study on therapeutic effects of elastic stable intramedullary nails in the treatment of stable and unstable fractures of femoral shaft in children].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate curative effects of elastic stable intramedullary nails in the treatment of stable and unstable fractures of femoral shaft in children and to guide its clinical application. METHODS: From January 2008 to October 2010,44 children with femoral shaft fractures were treated,including 24 boys and 20 girls,ranging in age from 5 to 12 years, with an average of 7.4 years. Based on the fractures stable or not, the patients were divided into stable fractures group(group S) and unstable fractures group (group U). All the children received the same operation to fix broken femoral with elastic stable intramedullary nails and some children received traction or small splint protection after operation when reduction and fixation were considered unsatisfied or his/her weight beyond 30 kg. During the followed-up, the healing time, irritation of the soft tissue (ache, cyst, t al), malunion (angulation above 5 degree in X-ray), limb shortening or lengthening and excellent and good rate were observed. RESULTS: All the patients were followed up,and the duration ranged from 5 to 19 months, with an average of 13 months. All the fractures were healed at the latest follow-up. The average healing time was 10.2 weeks (ranges, 8 to 14 weeks). The incidence rate of malunion was 23.8% in group U and the average angulation was 9 degree (6 to 12 degree), which was higher than those of patients in the group S (0%). The average healing time, limb shortening or lengthening, irritation of the soft tissue and the excellent and good rate between two groups had no significance differences, which were (10.6 +/- 1.3) vs. (9.9 +/- 1.2) weeks, 0 vs. 3 cases, 3 vs. 1 case and 2 vs. 4 cases respectively. In the group U, among 5 patients had malunion, 4 patients were not treated with traction or small splint protection,and the incidence was higher than those who were given traction or small splint protection. CONCLUSION: Both the stable and unstable femoral shaft fractures in children treated with elastic stable intramedullary nails can receive well short-term curative effects. If given certain postoperative protection like as traction or small splint, the malunion incidence can be reduced.

[Successful short-segment fixation for thoracolumbar burst fractures using CYL-pedicle screw].

OBJECTIVE: To access the efficacy of posterior short-segment fixation for single level thoracolumbar burst fractures without spinal injury using CYL-pedicle screw. METHODS: From September 2007 to December 2009, 74 cases who underwent posterior short-segment fixation for single level thoracolumbar burst fractures (Denis burst fracture type A, B, C) without spinal injury were analyzed retrospectively. There were 53 male and 21 female, mean age was (39 ± 15) years. Neither of them treated with direct decompression, grafting or fusion. Changes in the anterior vertebral height ratio, vertebral wedge angle, Cobb angle, regional angle were measured preoperatively, postoperatively, before implant removal, and at final follow-up to find the statistic difference. Pain status and work status were evaluated using Denis criterion. The incidence of incision infection, screw breakage, iatrogenic spinal injury were recorded as well. RESULTS: The time of follow-up was (20 ± 11) months, no significant change was noted in anterior vertebral height ratio and vertebral wedge angle (P > 0.05). A significant loss was noted in Cobb angle and regional angle, which were 9.8° ± 5.1° and 9.1° ± 4.8° respectively (t = 2.48 and 3.41, P < 0.05). Comparing with the patients with Cobb angle > 20°, the patients with Cobb angle ≤ 20° had better pain scale rate (χ(2) = 4.16, P = 0.04) and work scale rate (χ(2) = 24.34, P < 0.01). There were incision infection in 1 case, screw breakage in 1, screw loose in 1, and no iatrogenic spinal injury. CONCLUSIONS: CYL-pedicle screw could be successfully used in posterior short-segment fixation for single level thoracolumbar burst fractures without spinal injury based on radiographic and clinic outcomes.

Bis[[aqua-(1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline-κN,N)cadmium]bis-(µ-pyridine-2,3-dicarboxyl-ato)-κN,O:O;κO:N,O].

In the title compound, [Cd(2)(C(7)H(3)NO(4))(2)(C(13)H(8)N(4))(2)(H(2)O)(2)], the Cd(II) ion is six-coordinated by two N atoms from a 1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline (IP) ligand, one N atom and one O atom from a pyridine-2,3-dicarboxyl-ate (pdc) ligand, one O atom from another pdc ligand and one water mol-ecule in a distorted octa-hedral geometry. Two Cd(II) ions are bridged by a pair of pdc ligands, forming a centrosymmetric dinuclear structure. Neighboring dinuclear units are linked by the coordinated water mol-ecules through O-H⋯N and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a layer parallel to (011). The layers are further linked into a three-dimensional network through N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. π-π inter-actions between the IP ligands further stabilize the supra-molecular structure [centroid-centroid distances = 3.579 (3), 3.686 (3), 3.710 (3), 3.766 (3) and 3.841 (3) Å].

Bis[µ-N'-(2-methyl-1-oxidopropanyl-idene)-2-oxidobenzohydrazidato]tetra-pyridine-trinickel(II).

The asymmetric unit of the title trinuclear Ni(II) compound, [Ni(3)(C(11)H(11)N(2)O(3))(C(5)H(5)N)(4)], contains two independent mol-ecules which are located on individual inversion centres. The central Ni atom, located on an inversion centre, is coordinated by two pyridine N atoms and is further N,O-chelated by two N-(2-methyl-propano-yl)salicyloylhydrazidate anions in an elongated octa-hedral coordination geometry. The terminal Ni atom is coordinated by a pyridine ligand and is further N,N',O-chelated by an N-(2-methyl-propano-yl)salicyloyl-hydrazidate anion in a distorted square-planar coordination geometry. Weak intra-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bonding is observed in the structure.

[The effects of administration of valproic acid on organ function and outcome in a canine lethal hemorrhagic shock model].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of valproic acid (histone deacetylase inhibitor) on visceral function and outcome in a canine lethal hemorrhage model. METHODS: Twenty male Beagle canines were subjected to an about 42% of total blood volume loss to reproduce a lethal hemorrhage shock model. Animals were randomly divided into shock control group (SC group) and valproic acid treatment group (VPA group), each group n=10. Canines in SC group and VPA group were intravenously injected either 20 ml saline or valproic acid (100 mg/kg) in 20 ml saline 1.5 hours after hemorrhage. Canines in each group were given delayed intravenous fluid resuscitation 24 hours after bleeding. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) was measured at 0 hour and at different time points without anesthesia, and the plasma levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatinine (Cr) and isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK-MB) were measured before hemorrhage (0 hour), and at different time points after hemorrhage. Urinary output and survival rate 72 hours after hemorrhage were also recorded. RESULTS: The levels of MAP in both groups were significantly lowered from 2 hours after bleeding. The level of MAP (mm Hg, 1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa) in VPA group recovered rapidly and exceeded with statistically significant difference compared with those of SC group after hemorrhage (4 hours: 58.4±7.6 vs. 40.3±5.0, 8 hours: 84.4±8.0 vs. 56.4±4.4, 24 hours: 92.6±10.3 vs. 72.6±8.9, P<0.05 or P<0.01). The amount of urinary output of VPA group was significantly higher than that of SC group during the period of 0-8 hours, 8-24 hours, 24-48 hours, and 48-72 hours, but it was still lower than that before hemorrhage (0 hour). The plasma parameters for visceral function in both groups were significantly elevated compared with 0 hour. The plasma levels of ALT, Cr and CK-MB in VPA group were obviously lower than those in SC group from 4 hours after hemorrhage [at 4 hours after bleeding, ALT (U/L): 80.1±9.8 vs. 112.2±10.1, Cr (µmol/L): 74.5±8.3 vs. 88.0±7.6, CK-MB (kU/L): 10.39± 1.10 vs. 13.67±1.46, P<0.05 or P<0.01], but the visceral functional parameters at 72 hours after hemorrhage in VPA group were obviously higher than those at 0 hour [ALT (U/L):79.5±7.1 vs. 40.5±4.4; Cr (µmol/L): 85.6±7.1 vs. 46.6±4.8; CK-MB (kU/L): 7.63±0.86 vs. 1.66±0.21, all P<0.01]. The survival rate of VPA group 72 hours after bleeding was significantly higher than that of SC group [70% (7/10) vs. 20% (2/10), P<0.05]. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that intravenous injection of VPA promote MAP, increase urinary output, alleviate visceral injury and improve the survival rate at 72 hours in canines suffering from 42% blood volume loss, it might be an effective drug for hypovolemic shock, especially in war or other site of mass casualties in an austere environment.

A tri-layer structure consisting of novel heptacobaltate clusters and single cobalt centers bridged by 5-tert-butyl isophthalate.

A 2D tri-layer compound {[Co(8)(tbip)(6)(H(2)O)(9)(OH)(4)]·12(H(2)O)}(n) (1) (H(2)tbip = 5-tert-butyl isophthalic acid) consisting of novel heptacobaltate clusters and single cobalt centers bridged by tbip(2-) ligands has been hydrothermally synthesized. The complex represents a rare example of a homometallic coordination polymer built up from both heptanuclear metal clusters and single metal centers simultaneously. The magnetic investigation reveals that the complex exhibits the overall predominance of antiferromagnetic coupling between magnetic centers.

Inorganic-organic hybrid compounds based on molybdenum oxide chains and tetrazolate-bridged polymeric silver cations.

Three inorganic-organic compounds based on [Mo(x)O(y)](n-) chains, [Ag(4)(3-pttz)(2)Mo(3)O(10)] (1) (3-pttz = 5-(3-pyridyl) tetrazolate), [Ag(4)(2-pttz)(2)Mo(4)O(13)] (2) (2-pttz = 5-(2-pyridyl) tetrazolate), and [Ag(4)(pzttz)(2)Mo(4)O(13)] (3) (pzttz = 5-(pyrazinyl) tetrazolate), have been self-assembled, accompanied by in situ formation processes of the 5-substituted tetrazolate ligands under hydrothermal condition. Compound 1 features a 3D framework composed of [Mo(3)O(10)](2-) chains cross-linked by [Ag(4)(3-pttz)(2)](2+) belts. Compounds 2 and 3 reveal the 3D structures based on [Mo(4)O(13)](2-) chains pillared by silver tetrazolate polymeric chains. The three title compounds represent the first three examples that the tetrazolate ligands are introduced into the backbones of the [Mo(x)O(y)](n-) anion chains.

Di-µ-sulfato-κO:O'-bis-[diaqua-(1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline)manganese(II)] dihydrate.

In the title centrosymmetric dinuclear compound, [Mn(2)(SO(4))(2)(C(13)H(8)N(4))(2)(H(2)O)(4)]·2H(2)O, the Mn(II) atom is octa-hedrally coordinated by two N atoms from a 1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline (ip) ligand, two O atoms belonging to two bridging sulfate anions and two water O atoms. In the crystal structure, the complex mol-ecules and the uncoodinated water mol-ecules are connected by O-H⋯O, O-H⋯N and N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds into a three-dimensional network. A π-π stacking inter-action between the pyridyl ring of the ip ligand and the benzene ring of the neighboring ligand [centroid-centroid distance = 3.579 (2) Å] is also observed.