Biodegradation of Cholesterol by Enterococcus faecium YY01.

Cholesterol (CHOL) is one of the risk factors causing the blockage of the arterial wall, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, and other serious cardiovascular diseases. Here, a promising bacterial strain for biodegrading CHOL was successfully isolated from the gut of healthy individuals and identified as Enterococcus faecium YY01 with an analysis of the 16S rDNA sequence. An initial CHOL of 1.0 g/L was reduced to 0.5 g/L in 5 days, and glucose and beef extract were found to be optimal carbon and nitrogen sources for the rapid growth of YY01, respectively. To gain further insight into the mechanisms underlying CHOL biodegradation, the draft genome of YY01 was sequenced using Illumina HiSeq. Choloylglycine hydrolase, acyltransferase, and alkyl sulfatase was encoded by gene0586, gene1890, and gene2442, which play crucial roles in converting 3α, 7α, 12α-trihydroxy-5ß-choranic acid to choline-CoA and then choline-CoA to bile acid. Notably, choloylglycine hydrolase was closely related to the biosynthesis of both primary and secondary bile acid. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the metabolism pathway of CHOL biodegradation by YY01 and offer a potential avenue for the development of bacterioactive drugs against hypercholesterolemia.

Construction method for ecological protection of stone side slopes using composite vegetation concrete.

Traditional ecological restoration technology has many challenges in dealing with the greening of steep rock slopes, especially in the case of serious soil erosion. In order to overcome these problems, this study aims to organically combine the traditional protection and reinforcement technology with the new vegetation restoration technology, and put forward a new ecological protection technology of composite vegetation concrete to realize the comprehensive protection and ecological restoration of rocky slopes. In this paper, by analyzing the mechanism and existing problems of ecological protection of rocky slopes, the design requirements of composite vegetation concrete are studied in detail, and the related construction technology is expounded. In the experiment, the vegetation coverage and incidence were systematically analyzed, and the results showed that some samples showed high vegetation coverage and low incidence. Comprehensive consideration shows that the average vegetation coverage rate is 93.7%, and the average incidence rate is only 5.21%, which all meet the corresponding standards. The composite vegetation concrete technology has a wide application prospect in stone slope protection, which significantly improves the slope vegetation coverage and compressive strength, and effectively promotes the slope greening and ecological sustainable development. Through this study, we aim to convey to readers that the comprehensive method of combining traditional and innovative technologies can achieve encouraging results in solving the problem of ecological restoration of steep rock slopes, and provide useful reference for engineering practice in similar environments.

Development and validation of a transformer-based CAD model for improving the consistency of BI-RADS category 3-5 nodule classification among radiologists: a multiple center study.

Background: Significant differences exist in the classification outcomes for radiologists using ultrasonography-based Breast Imaging Reporting and Data Systems for diagnosing category 3-5 (BI-RADS 3-5) breast nodules, due to a lack of clear and distinguishing image features. Consequently, this retrospective study investigated the improvement of BI-RADS 3-5 classification consistency using a transformer-based computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) model. Methods: Independently, 5 radiologists performed BI-RADS annotations on 21,332 breast ultrasonographic images collected from 3,978 female patients from 20 clinical centers in China. All images were divided into training, validation, testing, and sampling sets. The trained transformer-based CAD model was then used to classify test images, for which sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), accuracy (ACC), area under the curve (AUC), and calibration curve were evaluated. Variations in these metrics among the 5 radiologists were analyzed by referencing BI-RADS classification results for the sampling test set provided by CAD to determine whether classification consistency (the k value), SEN, SPE, and ACC could be improved. Results: After the training set (11,238 images) and validation set (2,996 images) were learned by the CAD model, the classification ACC of the CAD model applied to the test set (7,098 images) was 94.89% in category 3, 96.90% in category 4A, 95.49% in category 4B, 92.28% in category 4C, and 95.45% in category 5 nodules. Based on pathological results, the AUC of the CAD model was 0.924 and the predicted probability of CAD was a little higher than the actual probability in the calibration curve. After referencing BI-RADS classification results, the adjustments were made to 1,583 nodules, of which 905 were classified to a lower category and 678 to a higher category in the sampling test set. As a result, the ACC (72.41-82.65%), SEN (32.73-56.98%), and SPE (82.46-89.26%) of the classification by each radiologist were significantly improved on average, with the consistency (k values) in almost all of them increasing to >0.6. Conclusions: The radiologist's classification consistency was markedly improved with almost all the k values increasing by a value greater than 0.6, and the diagnostic efficiency was also improved by approximately 24% (32.73% to 56.98%) and 7% (82.46% to 89.26%) for SEN and SPE, respectively, of the total classification on average. The transformer-based CAD model can help to improve the radiologist's diagnostic efficacy and consistency with others in the classification of BI-RADS 3-5 nodules.

Green synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles using crude extract of Aconitum violaceum and evaluation of their antibacterial, antioxidant and photocatalytic activities.

Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles (NPs) has received extensive attention over other conventional approaches due to their non-toxic nature and more biocompatibility. Herein we report gold and silver NPs (AuNPs@AV and AgNPs@AV) prepared by employing a green approach using crude extract of Aconitum violaceum Jacquem. ex Stapf. The synthesized NPs were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), UV/Visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and Zeta Potential. Morphological analysis showed spherical and triangular shapes of the NPs with average size of <100 nm. The AuNPs@AV and AgNPs@AV exhibited effective antibacterial activities, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 95 and 70 µg/mL against Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) and 90 and 65 µg/mL against Escherichia coli (E. coli), respectively. Strong antioxidant effect of AuNPs@AV and AgNPs@AV were reported against DPPH radical and PTIO within range of IC50 values; 161-80 µg/ml as compared to the standard (23-11 µg/mL) respectively. Moreover, the AuNPs@AV and AgNPs@AV showed efficient photocatalytic activity and degraded 89.88% and 93.7% methylene blue (MB) dye under UV light, respectively.

There is a Good Consistency Between Reflux Symptom Score-12 and Reflux Symptom Index in Chinese Population.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the consistency between the Reflux Symptom Score-12 (RSS-12) and Reflux Symptom Index (RSI) in Chinese people. METHODS: Patients with symptoms of LPR from the outpatient otorhinolaryngology-head and neck surgery clinic were included. All included patients completed the RSS-12 and RSI. The patient with RSS-12>11 or RSI>13 suggested possible LPR. For the patients with RSI >13 or RSS-12>11, they were treated using diet recommendations and were prescribed a twice-daily pantoprazole for 12 weeks. The consistency between the RSS-12 and RSI was compared with the weighted Cohen's kappa statistic. RESULTS: A total of 258 patients were included. The mean scores for RSS-12 and RSI were 13.21±17.31 and 12.86±6.15, respectively. The positive rate of LPR was 17.44% based on the RSI, and 24.42% based on the RSS-12. The kappa value between the RSS-12 and RSI was 0.736 (P < 0.001). Following 12 weeks of treatment, there was a significant reduction in both RSI and RSS-12. Based on the RSI, 73% of patients had a good treatment response, whereas according to the RSS-12, 85% of patients had a good treatment response. CONCLUSION: There is a good consistency between RSS-12 and RSI, meaning that the RSS-12 is a feasible LPR initial screening tool. The RSS-12 provides a more comprehensive evaluation of reflux symptoms and treatment effect than RSI in patients with LPR.

Isolation and biosynthesis of daturamycins from Streptomyces sp. KIB-H1544.

Two novel diarylcyclopentenones daturamycin A and B (1 and 2), and one new p-terphenyl daturamycin C (3), along with three known congeners (4-6), were isolated from a rhizosphere soil-derived Streptomyces sp. KIB-H1544. The structures of new compounds were elucidated via a joint use of spectroscopic analyses and single-crystal X-ray diffractions. Compounds 1 and 2 belong to a rare class of tricyclic 6/5/6 diarylcyclopentenones, and compounds 3-6 possess a C-18 tricyclic aromatic skeleton. The biosynthetic gene cluster of daturamycins was identified through gene knockout and biochemical characterization experiments and the biosynthetic pathway of daturamycins was proposed.

Relationships among resistin, adiponectin, and leptin and microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationships among serum resistin, adiponectin, and leptin and microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: A total of 120 patients with T2DM were divided into non-microangiopathy and microangiopathy groups. Sixty age- and sex-matched healthy subjects were used as a normal control (NC) group. Body height, body mass, waist circumference, and blood pressure were determined, and waist/hip ratio (WHR), body mass index, blood glucose, lipids, resistin, leptin, adiponectin, free fatty acids (FFA), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), fasting insulin, hemoglobin A1c, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were compared among the three groups. RESULTS: Serum levels of resistin, leptin, FFA, and hs-CRP were significantly higher and levels of adiponectin were significantly lower in patients in the non-microangiopathy (n = 60) and microangiopathy groups (n = 60) compared with the NC group (n = 60). Serum resistin and leptin levels in patients with T2DM were positively correlated with WHR, hs-CRP, FFA, HOMA-IR, and triglycerides, but negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C). Serum adiponectin levels in patients with T2DM were negatively correlated with WHR, hs-CRP, FFA, HOMA-IR, and triglycerides, but positively correlated with HDL-C. CONCLUSION: Serum resistin, adiponectin, and leptin levels correlate with the occurrence of T2DM and microvascular complications.

Id-1 expression in colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues and its clinical significance.

BACKGROUND: This study aims to investigate the expression of Id-1 in human colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues and explore its correlation with the clinical pathological parameters of colorectal cancer. METHODS: The Id-1 mRNA and protein expression levels of 50 specimens of normal colorectal tissues and 50 specimens of colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues were detected using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot. Furthermore, Id-1 protein was detected using immunohistochemistry. The correlation between the expression of Id-1 and clinicopathologic features was analyzed. RESULTS: The mRNA expression level of Id-1 in colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues and normal colorectal tissues was 0.96 ± 0.03 vs. 0.20 ± 0.04, respectively; and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.011). Furthermore, Id-1 protein expression was higher in colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues than in normal colorectal tissues (0.82 ± 0.04 vs. 0.31 ± 0.02, P=0.020). In addition, the positive protein expression rate of Id-1 was higher in colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues than in normal colorectal tissues (72.00% vs. 24.00%, X2=23.431, P=0.000). The expression of Id-1 was correlated with the depth of tumor invasion, TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, vessel invasion, and liver metastasis (P<0.01). However, this expression was not correlated with tumor size and differentiation degrees (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The high Id-1 expression in colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues play an important role in the process of cancer, and is expected to become a new tumor monitoring indicator for clinical diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis judgment.

Id-1 expression in colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues and its clinical significance

SUMMARY BACKGROUND: This study aims to investigate the expression of Id-1 in human colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues and explore its correlation with the clinical pathological parameters of colorectal cancer. METHODS: The Id-1 mRNA and protein expression levels of 50 specimens of normal colorectal tissues and 50 specimens of colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues were detected using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot. Furthermore, Id-1 protein was detected using immunohistochemistry. The correlation between the expression of Id-1 and clinicopathologic features was analyzed. RESULTS: The mRNA expression level of Id-1 in colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues and normal colorectal tissues was 0.96 ± 0.03 vs. 0.20 ± 0.04, respectively; and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.011). Furthermore, Id-1 protein expression was higher in colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues than in normal colorectal tissues (0.82 ± 0.04 vs. 0.31 ± 0.02, P=0.020). In addition, the positive protein expression rate of Id-1 was higher in colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues than in normal colorectal tissues (72.00% vs. 24.00%, X2=23.431, P=0.000). The expression of Id-1 was correlated with the depth of tumor invasion, TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, vessel invasion, and liver metastasis (P<0.01). However, this expression was not correlated with tumor size and differentiation degrees (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The high Id-1 expression in colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues play an important role in the process of cancer, and is expected to become a new tumor monitoring indicator for clinical diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis judgment.

RESUMO OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo é investigar a expressão de Id-1 em tecidos de adenocarcinoma colorretal em humanos e investigar sua correlação com os parâmetros patológicos clínicos de câncer colorretal. MÉTODOS: Os níveis de expressão de proteína e mRNA Id-1 em 50 amostras de tecido colorretal normal e 50 amostras de tecido de adenocarcinoma colorretal foram detectados através de reação em cadeia de polimerase precedida de transcrição reversa e western blot. Além disso, a proteína Id-1 foi detectada através de imuno-histoquímica. A correlação entre a expressão de Id-1 e características clínico-patológicas foi analisada. RESULTADOS: O nível de expressão de mRNA Id-1 em tecidos de adenocarcinoma colorretal e tecidos colorretais normais foi de 0,96 ± 0,03 versus 0,20 ± 0,04, respectivamente; a diferença foi estatisticamente significativa (P= 0,011). Além disso, a expressão da proteína Id-1 foi maior em tecidos de adenocarcinoma colorretal do que em tecidos colorretais normais (0,82 ± 0,04 versus 0,31 ± 0,02, P= 0,020). Além disso, a taxa de expressão positiva de proteínas Id-1 foi maior em tecidos de adenocarcinoma colorretal do que em tecidos colorretais normais (72,00% vs. 24,00%, X2=23,431, p=0,000). A expressão de Id-1 foi correlacionada com a profundidade da invasão tumoral, estágio TNM, metástases linfonodais, invasão vascular e metástase hepática (P<0,01). Todavia, essa expressão não se correlacionou com o tamanho do tumor e graus de diferenciação (P>0,05). CONCLUSÃO: A alta expressão de Id-1 em tecidos de adenocarcinoma colorretal desempenham um importante papel no processo do câncer, e é esperado que se torne um novo indicador de monitoramento de tumores para o diagnóstico clínico, tratamento e estimativa de prognóstico.

Evaluation of Vascular Remodeling in Carotid Atherosclerosis Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Using High-Frequency Ultrasonography Combined with Serum Resistin.

Diabetes remains a long standing public health issue among the Chinese population, with an incidence of up to 11.6%, of which type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accounts for 85%-95%. During this study, we aimed to elucidate the value of high-frequency ultrasonography (HFUS) combined with serum resistin on vascular remodeling (VR) in carotid atherosclerosis (CA) among patients suffering from T2DM. A total of 432 T2DM were recruited and assigned into the short T2DM duration group (<5 years), middle T2DM duration group (5~10 years) and long T2DM duration group (>10 years), while another 172 healthy cases were recruited as the control group. The intima-media thickness (IMT) as well as plaque score, detection rate and type were detected by the HFUS. The respective blood pressure readings were measured and pulse pressure was calculated accordingly. The serum resistin level, remodeling incidence and type, levels of total cholesterol (TC), fasting blood glucose (FBG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density liproprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglyceride (TG) were measured. The correlation between IMT, the plaque detection rate and blood pressure were analyzed. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed in order to evaluate the impact of VR in CA on T2DM patients who were solely using HFUS and serum resistin respectively, as well as a combination of HFUS with serum resistin. As In comparison with the control group, the short, middle and long T2DM duration groups all displayed increased IMT, plaque score and detection rate, serum resistin level and VR incidence, especially for the long T2DM duration group. Levels of TC, TG, FBG and LDL-C were much higher while HDL-C was lower among patients with T2DM than those in the control group. A positive correlation was detected between the disease course and IMT. The detection rate of plaque with thickening IMT exhibited upregulated levels when compared to those with normal IMT. The HFUS, serum resistin and HFUS combined with serum resistin respective areas under the ROC curve were 0.873, 0.867 and 0.923, respectively, suggesting that the combination of HFUS and serum resistin was superior to that of individual HFUS or individual serum resistin in regard to the impact of VR in CA on T2DM patients. The results of this study revealed that the combination of HFUS and serum resistin was superior to individual HFUS or individual serum resistin in relation to its ability to evaluate the impact of VR in CA in patients with T2DM.

Doppler myocardial performance index combined with plasma B-type natriuretic peptide levels as a marker of cardiac function in patients with decompensated cirrhosis.

BACKGROUND: In chronic liver diseases, cirrhosis ranks as the 14th highest death cause worldwide, developing into decompensated cirrhosis. A potential and feasible technique in assessing cardiac function is urgent. This study explores if the Doppler myocardial performance (Tei) index combined with the plasma B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels can assess cardiac function in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. METHODS: A total of 140 individuals were selected in the study and were classified into 3 groups: control group (n = 40, healthy individuals), compensated cirrhosis group (n = 50), and decompensated cirrhosis group (n = 50). Plasma BNP levels, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBIL), and albumin (ALB) were identified by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The correlation of Tei index between left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle (RV) as well as plasma BNP levels with cardiac function was assessed using a Pearson test analysis. All patients were subjected to this experiment for 1 year to analyze the relationship between Tei index and plasma BNP levels in prognosis of decompensated cirrhosis patients. RESULTS: Patients with decompensated cirrhosis showed significantly elevated levels of ALT, AST, and TBIL level in contrary to a reduced ALB level. Cirrhosis patients also showed a significantly reduced ejection fraction (ET) index, but an increase in isovolumetric contraction time (ICT), isovolumetric relaxation time (IRT), Tei index, and plasma BNP levels in comparison to healthy individuals. ICT, IRT, Tei index, and plasma BNP levels were elevated in decompensated cirrhotic patients as opposed to compensated cirrhotic patients. These results indicate a positive correlation of both Tei index and plasma BNP levels with cirrhosis and its progression. Tei index and plasma BNP levels are positively associated with Child-Pugh classification and negatively correlated with both cardiac function and prognosis in patients suffering from decompensated cirrhosis. CONCLUSION: The study provided evidence supporting the correlation of Tei index and plasma BNP levels in decompensated cirrhotic patients with cardiac function, highlighting a potential value for evaluation.

Lorneic Acid Analogues from an Endophytic Actinomycete.

Our natural products discovery program utilizes endophytic actinomycetes associated with plants and employs biological assays and HPLC-based metabolite profiles as the preliminary screen to identify strains of interest, followed by large-scale fermentation and isolation, leading to new and/or bioactive natural products. Six new trialkyl-substituted aromatic acids, namely, lorneic acids E-J (1-6), together with two known analogues (7 and 8), were isolated and identified from the culture extract of Streptomyces sp. KIB-H1289, an endophytic actinomycete obtained from the inner tissue of the bark of Betula mandshurica Nakai. The structures were characterized by interpretation of their spectroscopic data, mainly 1D and 2D NMR. Among them, compound 5 contains a unique disulfide bond that is presumably derived from N-acetylcysteine. All isolated metabolites were evaluated for their inhibitory activity on tyrosinase.

α-Pyrone Derivatives from a Streptomyces Strain Resensitize Tamoxifen Resistance in Breast Cancer Cells.

Tamoxifen resistance (TamR) is the underlying cause of treatment failure in many breast cancer patients receiving tamoxifen. In order to look for noncytotoxic natural products with the ability to reverse TamR, an extract from strain Streptomyces sp. KIB-H0495 was detected to be active. Subsequent large scale fermentation and isolation led to the isolation of four α-pyrone derivatives including two new compounds, violapyrones J (2) and K (3), and two known analogues, violapyrones B (1) and I (4). Further bioactivity assays indicated that only 1 and 3 exerted potent resensitization effects on MCF-7/TamR cells at a concentration of 1 µM. Owing to the simple structures of 1 and 3, these two compounds might have potential for further investigation as novel tamoxifen resensitization agent in breast cancer chemotherapy.

Comparison of continuous epidural infusion and programmed intermittent epidural bolus in labor analgesia.

BACKGROUND: This study aims to investigate differences between continuous epidural infusion (CEI) and programmed intermittent epidural bolus (IEB) analgesia for the Chinese parturients undergoing spontaneous delivery and to approach their safety to parturients and neonates. METHODS: Two hundred healthy American Society of Anesthesiologists class I or II, term (≥37 weeks' gestation), nulliparous women who requested analgesia for labor were recruited. Epidural analgesia was initiated with a solution of 0.15% ropivacaine 10 mL and maintained with 0.1% ropivacaine mixed with sufentanil 0.3 µg/mL by CEI at a rate of 5 mL/h combined with a patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) bolus of 5 mL of ropivacaine sufentanil mixture or IEB of 5 mL of ropivacaine sufentanil mixture combined with a PCEA bolus of 5 mL of ropivacaine sufentanil mixture. The lockout interval was 20 minutes in each arm between the CEI and the IEB group. After 20 minutes of first dosage, visual analog scale (VAS) score was obtained every 60 minutes. The maternal and fetal outcome and total consumption of analgesic solution were compared. RESULTS: There was no difference in demographic characteristics, duration of first and second stages, delivery methods, sensory block, fetal Apgar scores, and the maternal outcomes between the CEI and IEB groups. There was a significant difference in VAS scores and epidural ropivacaine total consumption between the two groups (IEB vs CEI: 51.27±9.61 vs 70.44±12.78 mg, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The use of programmed IEB mixed with PCEA improved labor analgesia compared to CEI mixed with PCEA, which could act as maintenance mode for epidural labor analgesia.

Expressions of Inhibitors of DNA Binding-1 and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Tissues and Their Correlations with Microvessel Density.

Objective To explore the expressions of inhibitors of DNA binding-1 (Id-1) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in colorectal carcinoma tissues and its correlation with microvessel density (MVD). Methods The expressions of Id-1 and MMP-9 as well as CD34-labelled MVD in colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues (n=50) and normal adjacent tissues (n=50) were examined by immunohistochemistry. Results The positive expressions of Id-1 and MMP-9 were seen in 72.00% (36/50) and 78.00%(39/50) of colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues,which were significantly higher than those [24.00%(12/50) and 28.00% (14/50)] in normal adjacent tissues (P=0.000). The MVD value (17.22±2.08) in colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues was significantly higher than that (5.36±2.17) in normal adjacent tissues (P=0.000). The expressions of Id-1 and MMP-9 and MVD were significantly correlated with serosa invasion,TNM stage,carcinoembryonic antigen(+),lymph node metastasis,vascular invasion,and liver metastasis (all P<0.05) but not with the patient's age,gender,tumor size,and differentiation degree (all P>0.05). The MVD value with Id-1 and MMP-9 positive expression were significantly higher than those with Id-1 and MMP-9 negative expression (all P=0.000). The expression of Id-1 in colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues showed significantly positive correlation with that of MMP-9 (r=0.429,P=0.000). Cox multivariate analysis showed that Id-1 and MMP-9 expressions were independent prognostic factors for colorectal carcinoma. Conclusions The high expressions of Id-1 and MMP-9 have high correlations with the development and progression of colorectal adenocarcinoma and have positive correlation with MVD. Both of them may be involved in the microvascular generation and the invasion and hematogenous metastasis of colorectal carcinoma.

Comparative analysis between 64- and 320-slice spiral computed tomography in the display of coronary artery stents and diagnosis of in-stent restenosis.

The aim of the present study was to compare the accuracy of 64-multi-slice spiral computed tomography (64-MSCT) and 320-MSCT in the display of coronary artery stents and diagnosis of in-stent restenosis. The data collected from the 64- and 320-MSCT coronary angiography of 93 patients following coronary artery stent implantation were retrospectively analyzed. The 64-MSCT group comprised 30 cases with 57 stents and the 320-MSCT group comprised 63 cases with 93 stents. The image quality, heart rate of the patients and the radiation effective dose (ED) they were subjected to, were compared. Furthermore, the diagnostic abilities of 64-and 320-MSCT coronary angiography for in-stent restenosis were evaluated using invasive coronary angiography results as the gold standards. Statistically significant differences were observed in the heart rate and ED of the patients from the two groups (P<0.05), but no significant difference was identified in the accuracy index (P>0.05). The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value and accuracy of the 64-MSCT group were found to be 100% (7/7), 93.94% (31/33), 77.78% (7/9), 100% (31/31) and 95% (38/40), respectively, and those in the 320-MSCT group were found to be 100% (16/16), 95.89% (70/73), 84.21% (16/19), 100% (70/70) and 96.63% (86/89), respectively. The present findings suggest that both 64-MSCT and 320-MSCT can be used for follow-up and curative effect evaluation following coronary stent implantation; however, 320-MSCT has fewer requirements of the patients' heart rate and uses a lower radiation dose.

Climate change on the Tibetan Plateau in response to shifting atmospheric circulation since the LGM.

The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is primarily influenced by the northern hemispheric middle latitude Westerlies and the Indian summer monsoon (ISM). The extent, long-distance effects and potential long-term changes of these two atmospheric circulations are not yet fully understood. Here, we analyse modern airborne pollen in a transition zone of seasonally alternating dominance of the Westerlies and the ISM to develop a pollen discrimination index (PDI) that allows us to distinguish between the intensities of the two circulation systems. This index is applied to interpret a continuous lacustrine sedimentary record from Lake Nam Co covering the past 24 cal kyr BP to investigate long-term variations in the atmospheric circulation systems. Climatic variations on the central TP widely correspond to those of the North Atlantic (NA) realm, but are controlled through different mechanisms resulting from the changing climatic conditions since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). During the LGM, until 16.5 cal kyr BP, the TP was dominated by the Westerlies. After 16.5 cal kyr BP, the climatic conditions were mainly controlled by the ISM. From 11.6 to 9 cal kyr BP, the TP was exposed to enhanced solar radiation at the low latitudes, resulting in greater water availability.

Intravitreal bevacizumab and Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation in patients with neovascular glaucoma.

AIM: To explore the efficacy of preoperative intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) injection combined with Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation in the treatment of neovascular glaucoma (NVG). METHODS: This retrospective study included 35 eyes from 35 patients who underwent preoperative IVB and AGV implantation for treatment of NVG. Findings such as intraocular pressure (IOP) number of anti-glaucoma medications, visual acuity (VA), surgical success rates, and complications were recorded. RESULTS: After AGV implantation, IOP was 18.2±4.0 mm Hg, 15.5±3.3 mm Hg and 9.8±2.6 mm Hg at 6, 12 and 36mo, significantly decreased compared with pre-IOP (P<0.01). The number of anti-glaucoma medications was 0.9±0.5, 0.8±0.9 and 0.8±0.6 at 6, 12 and 36mo, significantly decreased compared to pre-treatment (P<0.01). At last visit, there were 19 eyes with stable VA, 4 with VA improvement, 12 with diminished VA and 3 with complete loss light perception. There were 7 cases that failed during 3-year fellow up period. Cumulative probabilities of valve survival by Kaplan-Meier analysis were 82.9%, 74.1% and 71.0% at 12, 24 and 36mo, respectively. Cox stepwise regression analysis found that the survival time was significant associated with the pre-visual acuity <2/400 (P<0.05). Post-operative complications occurred in 8 eyes, of which hyphema presented in 2 eyes, choroidal effusion in 2 eyes. CONCLUSION: The procedure of preoperative IVB and AGV implantation should be one of treatments for NVG because of its safety and effectiveness.

Platelet-derived growth factor-ß expression in rabbit models of cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), one of the serious types of stroke incurred by bleeding into the space surrounding the brain, occurs when brains are deprived of oxygen by various factors, particularly an interruption to the blood supply or a ruptured aneurysm. Cerebral vasospasm (CVS) is one of the most common complications of SAH. It has been proposed that platelet­derived growth factor (PDGF) is involved in CVS. The aim of the present study was to analyze expression of PDGF in rabbit models of CVS. Post-SAH CVS rabbit models were created using endovascular puncture and employed to analyze the expression patterns of PDGF by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemistry. The results indicated that the creation of the rabbit model of CVS induced using endovascular puncture was successful and demonstrated the double phase changes observed in human CVS. The acute stage started at 12 h post-SAH with narrowing of the vascular lumen diameter. This narrowing appeared again on the seventh day in delayed CVS alongside increased thickness of vessel walls. PDGF-ß expression was observed in vascular smooth muscle cells of the rabbit models. PDGF-ß was expressed as early as 3 h post-SAH, it was evident after 1 day and reached a peak in 7 days, suggesting that PDGF-ß is involved in the early stages of CVS. In the current study, it was confirmed that PDGF-ß expression was present in the rabbit models of CVS, which may aid the elucidation of the pathogenesis of CVS, and also provide useful information for diagnosis and treatment of CVS.

Silencing of hypoxia­inducible adrenomedullin using RNA interference attenuates hepatocellular carcinoma cell growth in vivo.

Adrenomedullin (ADM) is an angiogenic peptide that has been shown to increase the risk of endometrial hyperplasia and to promote tumor cell survival following hypoxia. ADM may induce microvessel proliferation and partially decrease hypoxia in solid tumors, thus contributing to the proliferation of tumor cells, as well as tumor invasion and metastasis. However, the impact of hypoxia­induced ADM expression on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells requires further elucidation. In the present study it was found that the levels of ADM mRNA in tumor tissue from patients with HCC were significantly increased compared with the mRNA levels in adjacent non­tumorous liver tissue. Under hypoxic conditions, the mRNA and protein levels of ADM, as well as those of the cancer­promoting genes vascular endothelial growth factor and hypoxia­inducible factor 1α, were significantly elevated in a time­dependent manner in three human HCC cell lines. In addition, knockdown of ADM expression using short hairpin RNA (shRNA) in SMMC­7721 cells resulted in apoptosis that was not observed in untransfected cells. Furthermore, combined treatment with cisplatin and ADM­shRNA significantly decreased tumor growth in vivo compared with treatment with cisplatin or ADM­shRNA alone. These data demonstrate that ADM acts as a critical promoter of cell cycle progression in HCC and that the inhibition of ADM may be an effective interventional therapeutic strategy in HCC.