I/O-efficient iterative matrix inversion with photonic integrated circuits.

Photonic integrated circuits have been extensively explored for optical processing with the aim of breaking the speed and energy efficiency bottlenecks of digital electronics. However, the input/output (IO) bottleneck remains one of the key barriers. Here we report a photonic iterative processor (PIP) for matrix-inversion-intensive applications. The direct reuse of inputted data in the optical domain unlocks the potential to break the IO bottleneck. We demonstrate notable IO advantages with a lossless PIP for real-valued matrix inversion and integral-differential equation solving, as well as a coherent PIP with optical loops integrated on-chip, enabling complex-valued computation and a net inversion time of 1.2 ns. Furthermore, we estimate at least an order of magnitude enhancement in IO efficiency of a PIP over photonic single-pass processors and the state-of-the-art electronic processors for reservoir training tasks and multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) precoding tasks, indicating the huge potential of PIP technology in practical applications.

Corrosion Properties and Passive Film Interface of Inconel 718 in NaNO3 Solution for Laser-Assisted Electrochemical Machining.

Laser-assisted electrochemical machining (ECM) is an ideal manufacturing method for Inconel 718 (IN718) because of the method's high efficiency and good surface quality, and the basis for and key to laser-assisted ECM is its anodic electrochemical dissolution behavior. In this study, IN718 in a 10 wt % NaNO3 solution was subjected to innovative electrochemical testing and laser-assisted ECM experiments to investigate its corrosion properties and the passive film characteristics formed on its surface. The passivation-related behaviors and structures of the passive film were investigated based on open-circuit potentials, dynamic polarization, potentiostatic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. It was found that there was obvious active-passive-transpassive transition behavior, and the structure of the passive film in laser-assisted ECM exhibited pores and defects, resulting in weak corrosion resistance, compared with IN718 under ECM without laser irradiation. The chemical composition of the passive film was obtained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results showed that the passive film was composed mainly of a mixture of NiO, Ni(OH)2, Cr2O3, CrO3, Fe2O3, α-Fe2O3, α-FeOOH, Nb2O5, NbO, MoO3, MoO2, and TiO2. The passive film formed by laser-assisted ECM was rich in NiO and TiO2 and lacked Cr2O3 and MoO3, which validated its pores and defect structures. A corresponding schematic model was also proposed to characterize the interface structure between the IN718 substrate and the passive film. Laser-assisted ECM tests were performed under different current densities and machining times, and the corrosion morphology of IN718 was identified. Corrosion pits and a loose product layer appeared on the machined surface at low current densities, and the dissolution mechanism was pitting. The quantity and depth of the corrosion pits dispersed on the machined surface clearly decreased as the current density increased. Finally, a quantitative corrosion model was established to characterize the dissolution behavior of IN718 in NaNO3 solution during laser-assisted ECM.

Assessing land-use changes and carbon storage: a case study of the Jialing River Basin, China.

Land-use change is the main driver of carbon storage change in terrestrial ecosystems. Currently, domestic and international studies mainly focus on the impact of carbon storage changes on climate, while studies on the impact of land-use changes on carbon storage in complex terrestrial ecosystems are few. The Jialing River Basin (JRB), with a total area of ~ 160,000 km2, diverse topography, and elevation differences exceeding 5 km, is an ideal case for understanding the complex interactions between land-use change and carbon storage dynamics. Taking the JRB as our study area, we analyzed land-use changes from 2000 to 2020. Subsequently, we simulated land-use patterns for business-as-usual (BAU), cropland protection (CP), and ecological priority (EP) scenarios in 2035 using the PLUS model. Additionally, we assessed carbon storage using the InVEST model. This approach helps us to accurately understand the carbon change processes in regional complex terrestrial ecosystems and to formulate scientifically informed land-use policies. The results revealed the following: (1) Cropland was the most dominant land-use type (LUT) in the region, and it was the only LUT experiencing net reduction, with 92.22% of newly designated construction land originating from cropland. (2) In the JRB, total carbon storage steadily decreased after 2005, with significant spatial heterogeneity. This pattern was marked by higher carbon storage levels in the north and lower levels in the south, with a distinct demarcation line. The conversion of cropland to construction land is the main factor driving the reduction in carbon storage. (3) Compared with the BAU and EP scenarios, the CP scenario demonstrated a smaller reduction in cropland area, a smaller addition to construction land area, and a lower depletion in the JRB total carbon storage from 2020 to 2035. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the PLUS and InVEST models in analyzing complex ecosystems and offers data support for quantitatively assessing regional ecosystem services. Strict adherence to the cropland replenishment task mandated by the Chinese government is crucial to increase cropland areas in the JRB and consequently enhance the carbon sequestration capacity of its ecosystem. Such efforts are vital for ensuring the food and ecological security of the JRB, particularly in the pursuit of the "dual-carbon" objective.

Disulfiram downregulates ferredoxin 1 to maintain copper homeostasis and inhibit inflammation in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.

In the current study, we aimed to investigate whether disulfiram (DSF) exerts a neuroprotective role in cerebral ischemiareperfusion (CI-RI) injury by modulating ferredoxin 1 (FDX1) to regulate copper ion (Cu) levels and inhibiting inflammatory responses. To simulate CI-RI, a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) model in C57/BL6 mice was employed. Mice were administered with or without DSF before and after tMCAO. Changes in infarct volume after tMCAO were observed using TTC staining. Nissl staining and hematoxylin-eosin (he) staining were used to observe the morphological changes of nerve cells at the microscopic level. The inhibitory effect of DSF on initial inflammation was verified by TUNEL assay, apoptosis-related protein detection and iron concentration detection. FDX1 is the main regulatory protein of copper death, and the occurrence of copper death will lead to the increase of HSP70 stress and inflammatory response. Cuproptosis-related proteins and downstream inflammatory factors were detected by western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, and immunohistochemistry. The content of copper ions was detected using a specific kit, while electron microscopy was employed to examine mitochondrial changes. We found that DSF reduced the cerebral infarction volume, regulated the expression of cuproptosis-related proteins, and modulated copper content through down regulation of FDX1 expression. Moreover, DSF inhibited the HSP70/TLR-4/NLRP3 signaling pathway. Collectively, DSF could regulate Cu homeostasis by inhibiting FDX1, acting on the HSP70/TLR4/NLRP3 pathway to alleviate CI/RI. Accordingly, DSF could mitigate inflammatory responses and safeguard mitochondrial integrity, yielding novel therapeutic targets and mechanisms for the clinical management of ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Dectin-1 induces TRPV1 sensitization and contributes to visceral hypersensitivity of irritable bowel syndrome in male mice.

BACKGROUND: Visceral hypersensitivity is considered the core pathophysiological mechanism that causes abdominal pain in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Fungal dysbiosis has been proved to contribute to visceral hypersensitivity in IBS patients. However, the underlying mechanisms for Dectin-1, a major fungal recognition receptor, in visceral hypersensitivity are poorly understood. This study aimed to explore the role of Dectin-1 in visceral hypersensitivity and elucidate the impact of Dectin-1 activity on the function of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1). METHODS: Visceral hypersensitivity model was established by the intracolonic administration of 0.1 mL TNBS (130 µg/mL in 30% ethanol) in the male mice. Fluconazole and nystatin were used as fungicides. Laminarin, a Dectin-1 antagonist and gene knockout (Clec7a-/-) mice were used to interrupt the function of Dectin-1. Colorectal distension-electromyogram recording was performed to assess visceral sensitivity. Immunostaining experiment was performed to determine the localization of Dectin-1 in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Calcium imaging study was performed to assay TRPV1-mediated calcium influx in acutely dissociated DRG neurons. RESULTS: Pretreatment with fungicides, administration of laminarin or genetic deletion of Clec7a alleviated TNBS-induced visceral hypersensitivity in male mice. The expression of Dectin-1 was upregulated in the DRG and colon of TNBS-treated mice. Colocalization of Dectin-1 and TRPV1 was observed in DRG neurons. Importantly, pretreatment with curdlan, a Dectin-1 agonist, increased TRPV1-mediated calcium influx. CONCLUSIONS: Dectin-1 contributes to visceral hypersensitivity in IBS or in inflammatory bowel disease in remission and activation of Dectin-1 induces TRPV1 sensitization. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This work provides direct evidence for the functional regulation of TRPV1 channel by Dectin-1 activity, proposing a new mechanism underlying TRPV1 sensitization. Control of intestinal fungi might be beneficial for the treatment of refractory abdominal pain in patients with IBS or IBD in remission.

Recent symptomatic omicron infection reduced COVID-19 pneumonia risk during reinfection: A computed tomography-based cohort study.

OBJECTIVES: SARS-CoV-2 infection could cause persistent lung injury or indicate potential genetic susceptibilities. While infection-elicited hybrid immunity could protect against severe COVID-19, it remains unknown whether recent infection could reduce pneumonia risk during reinfection due to insufficient viral and chest CT screening. METHODS: 15,598 patients, 96% fully vaccinated and 52% boosted, from Xiangyang, China who had symptomatic COVID-19 and chest CT scans during the first omicron BF.7 wave in December 2022 to January 2023 were followed through the second omicron XBB.1.5 wave between May and August 2023. 17,968 second-wave COVID-19 patients with chest CT scans but without prior symptomatic COVID-19 history were enrolled as first-time infection controls. RESULTS: 19.6% (3,061/15,598) first-wave patients were diagnosed with pneumonia. Among second-wave reinfected patients, only 0.2% (4/2,202) developed pneumonia, which was lower than the 1.7% (311/17,968) pneumonia prevalence among second-wave first-time patients, with adjusted relative risk (RR) of 0.11 (95% CI: 0.04-0.29). 1.3% (40/3,039) first wave pneumonia survivors showed residual abnormal patterns in follow-up CT scans within 8 months after pneumonia diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: In a highly vaccinated population, prior symptomatic omicron infection within 8 months reduced pneumonia risk during reinfection. Uninfected individuals might need up-to-date vaccination to reduce pneumonia risk.

Reactivity-matched synthesis of monodisperse Ag(In,Ga)S2 QDs with efficient luminescence.

I-III-VI quantum dots (QDs) have gained widespread attention owing to their significant advantages of non-toxicity, large structural tolerance, and efficient photoluminescence potential. However, the disbalance of reactivity between the elements will result in undesired products and compromised optical properties. Reducing the activity of highly reactive group IB elements is the most common approach, but it will reduce the overall reactivity and lead to a wide dispersion of QD sizes. In this study, we propose a method to improve the overall reactivity of the reaction system using the highly active IIIA precursor InI3, which triggers rapid nucleation and promotes the formation of Ag(In,Ga)S2 (AIGS) QDs, resulting in monodisperse particle size distributions and a significantly improved photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) (from 12% to 72%). Furthermore, narrow band edge emission is realized by coating a gallium sulfide (GaSx) shell on the basis of obtaining high-quality AIGS QDs. The core/shell QDs exhibit a 90% PLQY with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of only 31 nm at 530 nm. This study provides a viable design strategy to synthesize monodisperse AIGS QDs with a narrow peak width and efficient luminescence, promoting the application of AIGS QDs in the field of luminescent displays.

Remediation of petroleum-contaminated site soil by bioaugmentation with immobilized bacterial pellets stimulated by a controlled-release oxygen composite.

Bioaugmentation techniques still show drawbacks in the cleanup of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) from petroleum-contaminated site soil. Herein, this study explored high-performance immobilized bacterial pellets (IBPs) embed Microbacterium oxydans with a high degrading capacity, and developed a controlled-release oxygen composite (CROC) that allows the efficient, long-term release of oxygen. Tests with four different microcosm incubations were performed to assess the effects of IBPs and CROC on the removal of TPHs from petroleum-contaminated site soil. The results showed that the addition of IBPs and/or CROC could significantly promote the remediation of TPHs in soil. A CROC only played a significant role in the degradation of TPHs in deep soil. The combined application of IBPs and CROC had the best effect on the remediation of deep soil, and the removal rate of TPHs reached 70%, which was much higher than that of nature attenuation (13.2%) and IBPs (43.0%) or CROC (31.9%) alone. In particular, the CROC could better promote the degradation of heavy distillate hydrocarbons (HFAs) in deep soil, and the degradation rates of HFAs increased from 6.6% to 33.2%-21.0% and 67.9%, respectively. In addition, the IBPs and CROC significantly enhanced the activity of dehydrogenase, catalase, and lipase in soil. Results of the enzyme activity were the same as that of TPH degradation. The combined application of IBPs and CROC not only increased the microbial abundance and diversity of soil, but also significantly enhanced the enrichment of potential TPH-biodegrading bacteria. M. oxydans was dominant in AP (bioaugmentation with addition of IBPs) and APO (bioaugmentation with the addition of IBPs and CROC) microcosms that added IBPs. Overall, the IBPs and CROC developed in this study provide a novel option for the combination of bioaugmentation and biostimulation for remediating organic pollutants in soil.

Gate-tunable subband degeneracy in semiconductor nanowires.

Degeneracy and symmetry have a profound relation in quantum systems. Here, we report gate-tunable subband degeneracy in PbTe nanowires with a nearly symmetric cross-sectional shape. The degeneracy is revealed in electron transport by the absence of a quantized plateau. Utilizing a dual gate design, we can apply an electric field to lift the degeneracy, reflected as emergence of the plateau. This degeneracy and its tunable lifting were challenging to observe in previous nanowire experiments, possibly due to disorder. Numerical simulations can qualitatively capture our observation, shedding light on device parameters for future applications.

The underlying mechanism of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy triggering secondary T-cell cancers: Mystery of the Sphinx?

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has reported cases of T-cell malignancies, including CAR-positive lymphomas, in patients receiving B cell maturation antigen (BCMA)- or CD19-targeted autologous CAR-T cell immunotherapy. These reports were derived from clinical trials and/or post-marketing adverse event data. This finding has attracted widespread attention. Therefore, it is essential to explore the potential mechanisms by which chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy triggers secondary T-cell cancers to further guarantee the safety of CAR-T cell therapy.

The Role of Ubiquitination and the E3 Ligase Nedd4 in Regulating Corneal Epithelial Wound Healing.

Purpose: Ubiquitination serves as a fundamental post-translational modification in numerous cellular events. Yet, its role in regulating corneal epithelial wound healing (CEWH) remains elusive. This study endeavored to determine the function and mechanism of ubiquitination in CEWH. Methods: Western blot and immunoprecipitation were used to discern ubiquitination alterations during CEWH in mice. Interventions, including neuronally expressed developmentally downregulated 4 (Nedd4) siRNA and proteasome/lysosome inhibitor, assessed their impact on CEWH. In vitro analyses, such as the scratch wound assay, MTS assay, and EdU staining, were conducted to gauge cell migration and proliferation in human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs). Moreover, transfection of miR-30/200 coupled with a luciferase activity assay ascertained their regulatory mechanism on Nedd4. Results: Global ubiquitination levels were markedly increased during the mouse CEWH. Importantly, the application of either proteasomal or lysosomal inhibitors notably impeded the healing process both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, Nedd4 was identified as an essential E3 ligase for CEWH. Nedd4 expression was significantly upregulated during CEWH. In vivo studies revealed that downregulation of Nedd4 substantially delayed CEWH, whereas further investigations underscored its role in regulating cell proliferation and migration, through the Stat3 pathway by targeting phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). Notably, our findings pinpointed miR-30/200 family members as direct regulators of Nedd4. Conclusions: Ubiquitination holds pivotal significance in orchestrating CEWH. The critical E3 ligase Nedd4, under the regulatory purview of miR-30 and miR-200, facilitates CEWH through PTEN-mediated Stat3 signaling. This revelation sheds light on a prospective therapeutic target within the realm of CEWH.

Deciphering the tumor immune microenvironment from a multidimensional omics perspective: insight into next-generation CAR-T cell immunotherapy and beyond.

Tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) consists of intra-tumor immunological components and plays a significant role in tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, and response to therapy. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell immunotherapy has revolutionized the cancer treatment paradigm. Although CAR-T cell immunotherapy has emerged as a successful treatment for hematologic malignancies, it remains a conundrum for solid tumors. The heterogeneity of TIME is responsible for poor outcomes in CAR-T cell immunotherapy against solid tumors. The advancement of highly sophisticated technology enhances our exploration in TIME from a multi-omics perspective. In the era of machine learning, multi-omics studies could reveal the characteristics of TIME and its immune resistance mechanism. Therefore, the clinical efficacy of CAR-T cell immunotherapy in solid tumors could be further improved with strategies that target unfavorable conditions in TIME. Herein, this review seeks to investigate the factors influencing TIME formation and propose strategies for improving the effectiveness of CAR-T cell immunotherapy through a multi-omics perspective, with the ultimate goal of developing personalized therapeutic approaches.

In Situ Construction of Highly Dispersed Pd on Cobalt Nanoparticle on Hollow Functional Cubic Graphene by Double Framework for ORR.

Developing advanced functional carbon materials is essential for electrocatalysis, caused by their vast merits for boosting many key energy conversion reactions. Herein, the covalent organic frameworks (COFs) is utilized on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as the template, under the controllable metal atoms thermal migration process successfully in situ constructs Pd-Co alloy nanoparticles on hollow cubic graphene. The electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) evaluation showed excellent performances with a half-wave potential of 0.866 V, and a limited current density of 4.975 mA cm-2, that superior to the commercial Pt/C and Co nanoparticles. The contrast experiments and X-ray absorption spectrum demonstrated the aggregated electrons at highly dispersed Pd atoms on Co nanoparticle that promoted the main activities. This work not only enlightens the novel carbon materials designing strategies but also suggests heterogeneous electrocatalysis.

[Responses of radial growth of Fraxinus mandshurica from different provenances to climate at Maoershan in Northeast China]. / 东北地区帽儿山种源实验林区不同种源水曲柳径向生长对气候的响应.

To understand the responses of radial growth of Fraxinus mandshurica from different provenances to climatic factors, we used the dendrochronological method to establish the standard chronologies of F. mandshurica from 20 provenances in Maoershan provenance test forest, and analyzed the differences in radial growth and their correlation with climate factors. The results showed that the overall trend of F. mandshurica chronologies from 20 provenances was generally similar. There were differences in growth amplitude, with the average radial growth of F. mandshurica from Dailing, Lushuihe and Sanchazi being the highest. The radial growth of F. mandshurica from 20 provenances was significantly positively correlated with the highest temperature in July and the average temperature in July except for Huinan. The radial growth of F. mandshurica from 14 provenances was significantly positively correlated with the precipitation in August. The radial growth of F. mandshurica was constrained by temperature and precipitation during the growing season. There was difference in radial growth among F. mandshurica from different provenances under drought stress. F. mandshurica from Wangqing, Dailing, and Hailin had stronger resistance to drought, while that from Wandianzi, Zhanhe, and Xinglong had better recovery ability after drought.

Study on the effect of rubber content on the frost resistance of steel fiber reinforced rubber concrete.

In cold areas, the steel fiber reinforced rubber concrete (SFRRC) pavement is exposed to natural environment and experiences varying degrees of damage from freezing and thawing. This can have a serious impact on the normal usage and safe operation of the pavement structure. This research examines the impact of varying rubber concentrations on multiple variables, such as the rate of mass reduction, relative dynamic modulus of elasticity, compressive strength, and thickness of the damage layer (Hf) during freeze-thaw (F-T) durability testing conducted on SFRRC. Furthermore, an analysis is conducted to determine the degradation pattern exhibited by SFRRC. The internal structure evolution and pore structure characteristics of SFRRC were examined using scanning electron microscopy and mercury intrusion porosimetry techniques, which revealed the underlying damage mechanism in SFRRC during F-T cycles. The results suggest that the addition of an appropriate amount of rubber can effectively enhance the frost resistance of SFRRC in water. A gradual improvement in the frost resistance of SFRRC is observed when increasing the rubber content from 0 to 10%. The optimal frost resistance is observed in SFRRC with 10% rubber content. However, when the rubber content reaches 15%, SFRRC exhibits significant degradation and lower level of resistance to freezing compared to SFRRC without rubber. Microcracks form within SFRRC due to the freezing-thawing forces experienced during the experiment, resulting in the development of a damage layer that extends from the surface to the interior. The compressive strength of the damaged layer significantly decreases as Hf increases. The addition of appropriate rubber in SFRRC improves its pore structure, leading to an increased proportion of harmless or less harmful pores and a reduction in average pore size, thereby significantly enhancing its frost resistance.

Impact of the Alberta Stroke Program CT Score subregions on long-term functional outcomes in acute ischemic stroke: Results from two multicenter studies in China.

Background and Objectives: The Alberta Stroke Program CT Score (ASPECTS) is a widely used rating system for assessing infarct extent and location. We aimed to investigate the prognostic value of ASPECTS subregions' involvement in the long-term functional outcomes of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Materials and Methods: Consecutive patients with AIS and anterior circulation large-vessel stenosis and occlusion between January 2019 and December 2020 were included. The ASPECTS score and subregion involvement for each patient was assessed using posttreatment magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging. Univariate and multivariable regression analyses were conducted to identify subregions related to 3-month poor functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale scores, 3-6) in the reperfusion and medical therapy cohorts, respectively. In addition, prognostic efficiency between the region-based ASPECTS and ASPECTS score methods were compared using receiver operating characteristic curves and DeLong's test. Results: A total of 365 patients (median age, 64 years; 70% men) were included, of whom 169 had poor outcomes. In the reperfusion therapy cohort, multivariable regression analyses revealed that the involvement of the left M4 cortical region in left-hemisphere stroke (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 5.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.53-19.02) and the involvement of the right M3 cortical region in right-hemisphere stroke (aOR 4.21, 95% CI 1.05-16.78) were independently associated with poor functional outcomes. In the medical therapy cohort, left-hemisphere stroke with left M5 cortical region (aOR 2.87, 95% CI 1.08-7.59) and caudate nucleus (aOR 3.14, 95% CI 1.00-9.85) involved and right-hemisphere stroke with right M3 cortical region (aOR 4.15, 95% CI 1.29-8.18) and internal capsule (aOR 3.94, 95% CI 1.22-12.78) affected were related to the increased risks of poststroke disability. In addition, region-based ASPECTS significantly improved the prognostic efficiency compared with the conventional ASPECTS score method. Conclusion: The involvement of specific ASPECTS subregions depending on the affected hemisphere was associated with worse functional outcomes 3 months after stroke, and the critical subregion distribution varied by clinical management. Therefore, region-based ASPECTS could provide additional value in guiding individual decision making and neurological recovery in patients with AIS.

USP18 Antagonizes Pyroptosis by Facilitating Selective Autophagic Degradation of Gasdermin D.

As a key executioner of pyroptosis, Gasdermin D (GSDMD) plays a crucial role in host defense and emerges as an essential therapeutic target in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. So far, the understanding of the mechanisms that regulate the protein level of GSDMD to prevent detrimental effects and maintain homeostasis is currently limited. Here, we unveil that ubiquitin-specific peptidase 18 (USP18) works as a negative regulator of pyroptosis by targeting GSDMD for degradation and preventing excessive innate immune responses. Mechanically, USP18 recruits E3 ubiquitin ligase mind bomb homolog 2 (MIB2) to catalyze ubiquitination on GSDMD at lysine (K) 168, which acts as a recognition signal for the selective autophagic degradation of GSDMD. We further confirm the alleviating effect of USP18 on LPS-triggered inflammation in vivo. Collectively, our study demonstrates the role of USP18 in regulating GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis and reveals a previously unknown mechanism by which GSDMD protein level is rigorously controlled by selective autophagy.

Effect of LncRNA LOC106505926 on myogenesis and Lipogenesis of porcine primary cells.

BACKGROUND: Skeletal muscle development and fat deposition have important effects on meat quality. The study of regulating skeletal muscle development and fat deposition is of great significance in improving the quality of carcass and meat. In the present study, whole transcriptome sequencing (including RNA-Seq and miRNA-Seq) was performed on the longissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) of Jinfen White pigs at 1, 90, and 180 days of age. RESULTS: The results showed that a total of 245 differentially expressed miRNAs were screened in any two comparisons, which may be involved in the regulation of myogenesis. Among them, compared with 1-day-old group, miR-22-5p was significantly up-regulated in 90-day-old group and 180-day-old group. Functional studies demonstrated that miR-22-5p inhibited the proliferation and differentiation of porcine skeletal muscle satellite cells (PSCs). Pearson correlation coefficient analysis showed that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) LOC106505926 and CXXC5 gene had strong negative correlations with miR-22-5p. The LOC106505926 and CXXC5 were proven to promote the proliferation and differentiation of PSCs, as opposed to miR-22-5p. In terms of mechanism, LOC106505926 functions as a molecular sponge of miR-22-5p to modulate the expression of CXXC5, thereby inhibits the differentiation of PSCs. In addition, LOC106505926 regulates the differentiation of porcine preadipocytes through direct binding with FASN. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, our results highlight the multifaceted regulatory role of LOC106505926 in controlling skeletal muscle and adipose tissue development in pigs and provide new targets for improving the quality of livestock products by regulating skeletal muscle development and fat deposition.

Efficient Electrosynthesis of Urea over Single-Atom Alloy with Electronic Metal Support Interaction.

Urea electrosynthesis from carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrate (NO3 -) is an alternative approach to traditional energy-intensive urea synthesis technology. Herein, we report a CuAu single-atom alloy (SAA) with electronic metal support interaction (EMSI), achieving a high urea yield rate of 813.6 µg h-1 mgcat -1 at -0.94 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (vs. RHE) and a Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 45.2 % at -0.74 V vs. RHE. In situ experiments and theoretical calculations demonstrated that single-atom Cu sites modulate the adsorption behavior of intermediate species. Bimetallic sites synergistically accelerate C-N bond formation through spontaneous coupling of *CO and *NO to form *ONCO as key intermediates. More importantly, electronic metal support interaction between CuAu SAA and CeO2 carrier further modulates electron structure and interfacial microenvironment, endowing electrocatalysts with superior activity and durability. This work constructs SAA electrocatalysts with EMSI effect to tailor C-N coupling at the atomic level, which can provide guidance for the development of C-N coupling systems.