ABSTRACT
YVOIRE Classic s (YC) and Restylane (RES) have similar rheological properties, which suit mid-dermis injection, while the rheological properties of YVOIRE Volume s (YV) are comparable to those of Perlane (PER), which suit deep dermis injection to treat deep wrinkles. Two similarly designed studies aimed to evaluate the performance and safety of YC and YV injected into the nasolabial folds (NLFs). METHODS: These were split-face designed, evaluator-blind, noninferiority studies. Fifty-eight subjects with moderate-to-severe NLFs were enrolled in the first study and treated with YC and RES, and 57 subjects were enrolled in the second study and treated with YV and PER. The Wrinkle Severity Rating Scale ranged from 1 (no visible fold) to 5 (extremely deep and long folds), and subject satisfaction was evaluated. RESULTS: The least squares mean Wrinkle Severity Rating Scale scores (standard error) at week 26 were 2.56 (0.09) for both YC- and RES-treated NLFs and 2.89 (0.08) and 2.91 (0.08) for YV- and PER-treated NLFs, respectively. The difference between the groups was 0 and 0.02, and the lower limit of its 95% confidence interval was -0.0725 and -0.0125, which was greater than the predefined margin (-0.29), proving the noninferiority of YC and YV to RES and PER, respectively. The safety profiles and subject satisfaction of YC and YV were similar to those of RES and PER, respectively. CONCLUSION: YC is comparable to RES and YV is comparable to PER in terms of performance and safety profiles, with NLF-correcting effects lasting for up to 26 weeks.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers for volume augmentation in the anteromedial malar region of Asians have been popular for many years. However, studies on their long-term effectiveness are lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of HA fillers injected into the anteromedial malar region for volume augmentation for up to 52 weeks. METHODS: Each anteromedial malar region of the subjects was treated with YVOIRE Contour (YVOC) in one side and Restylane Sub-Q (RESS) in the other and followed up at weeks 2, 14, 26, and 52. The volume using the mid-face aesthetic scale (MFAS) ranging from 0 (full) to 4 (very severely sunken) and the subject's satisfaction and adverse events were evaluated. RESULTS: Total 83 subjects were randomized and treated with YVOC and RESS. The LS means (standard error) of MFAS score in the YVOC and RESS groups were both 2.56 (0.05) at baseline, 1.32 (0.07) and 1.39 (0.07) at week 26, and 1.84 (0.10) and 1.89 (0.10) at week 52, respectively. The difference in the LS mean of MFAS score between the groups at week 26 was 0.07 (95% confidence interval, 0.01-0.12), showing the non-inferiority of YVOC to RESS. About 70% of subjects were still satisfied with the results at week 52. No specific safety concern was detected. CONCLUSIONS: The HA fillers injected for the anteromedial malar augmentation maintained the volume well for up to 52 weeks. Additionally, both YVOC and RESS show similar effectiveness and safety profiles.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Few scales are currently available to evaluate changes in hand volume. We aimed to develop a hand grading scale for quantitative assessments of dorsal hand volume with additional consideration of changes in skin texture; to validate and prove the precision and reproducibility of the new scale; and to demonstrate the presence of clinically significant differences between grades on the scale. METHODS: Five experienced plastic surgeons developed the Hand Volume Rating Scale (HVRS) and rated 91 images. Another five plastic surgeons validated the scale using 50 randomly selected images. Intra- and inter-rater agreement was calculated using the weighted kappa statistic and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Paired images were also evaluated to verify whether the scale reflected clinical differences. RESULTS: The intra-rater agreement was 0.95 (95% confidence interval, 0.922-0.974). The interrater ICCs were excellent (first rating, 0.94; second rating, 0.94). Image pairs that differed by 1, 2, and 3 grades were considered to contain clinically relevant differences in 80%, 100%, and 100% of cases, respectively, while 84% of image pairs of the same grade were found not to show clinically relevant differences. This confirmed that the scale of the HVRS corresponded to clinically relevant distinctions. CONCLUSIONS: The scale was proven to be precise, reproducible, and reflective of clinical differences.
ABSTRACT
Leaf aging is a highly regulated developmental process, which is also influenced profoundly by diverse environmental conditions. Accumulating evidence in recent years supports that plant responsiveness to abiotic stress is intimately related with leaf longevity. However, molecular mechanisms underlying the signaling crosstalks and regulatory schemes are yet unknown. In this work, we demonstrate that an abscisic acid (ABA)-responsive NAC transcription factor VND-INTERACTING2 (VNI2) integrates ABA-mediated abiotic stress signals into leaf aging by regulating a subset of COLD-REGULATED (COR) and RESPONSIVE TO DEHYDRATION (RD) genes. The VNI2 gene was induced by high salinity in an ABA-dependent manner. In addition, spatial and temporal expression patterns of the VNI2 gene are correlated with leaf aging and senescence. Accordingly, leaf aging was delayed in transgenic plants overexpressing the VNI2 gene but significantly accelerated in a VNI2-deficient mutant. The VNI2 transcription factor regulates the COR and RD genes by binding directly to their promoters. Notably, transgenic plants overexpressing the COR or RD genes exhibited prolonged leaf longevity. These observations indicate that the VNI2 transcription factor serves as a molecular link that integrates plant responses to environmental stresses into modulation of leaf longevity.
