ABSTRACT
Background: Hypoxia is a typical microenvironmental feature of most solid tumors, affecting a variety of physiological processes. We developed a hypoxia-related prognostic risk score (HPRS) model to reveal tumor microenvironment (TME) and predict prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Methods: LUAD sample expression data were from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression identified hypoxia-related genes (HRGs) to create HPRS. The prognostic value, genetic mutation and TME, and therapeutic response of distinct HPRS groups were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis identified independent factors associated with the prognosis of LUAD. A decision tree based on HPRS and clinicopathological variables was established using the classification system based on decision tree algorithm. A nomogram was constructed with important clinical features and HPRS by the RMS package. Results: A HPRS model with five HRGs was developed and verified in two separate cohorts of GEO. HPRS model divided patients with LUAD into two groups. High HPRS was related to high probability of genetic alterations. HPRS could predict the prognosis, TME, and sensitivity to immunotherapy/chemotherapy of LUAD. The decision tree defined four risk subgroups with significant OS differences. Nomogram with integrated HPRS and clinical features had acceptable accuracy in predicting LUAD prognosis. Conclusions: A HPRS model was developed to evaluate prognosis, genetic alterations, TME, and response to immunotherapy, which may provide theoretical reference for the study of molecular mechanism of hypoxia in LUAD.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of adolescent scoliosis in Guangzhou for development of effective prevention and treatment program to the disease. METHODS: From November 2007 to July 2009, 30 142 students between 7 to 20 years old in primary and junior middle schools received physical check-up for detection of scoliosis through physical and radiographic examination. RESULTS: 211 cases were diagnosed as scoliosis (Cobb angle ≥ 10°), with the prevalence rate as 0.70%. 192 patients with idiopathic scoliosis (IS) were detected, accounting for 91.00%. There were 19 cases of congenital scoliosis, accounting for 9.00%. Sex ratio of scoliosis was 180/31. The prevalence of scoliosis was significantly lower in boys than that in girls (χ(2) = 112.332, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The crude prevalence of adolescent scoliosis was 0.70% in Guangzhou with majority of idiopathic scoliosis. Investigation on scoliosis among school-age population seemed to be important for the purposes of early diagnosis, selection of effective prevention and treatment.
