[Differences in Fungal Communities in Different Material Cellar Sediments and Their Correlation with Environmental Factors].

There are rich and diverse fungal communities in rainfall-cellar sediments. Fungi play a key role in the rainfall-cellar ecosystem as a bridge and link for material exchange between the rainfall-cellar ecosystem and the sediments. The changes in fungal community structure are usually closely related to the changes in environmental factors. The 16S rRNA gene Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology was used to study the diversity and difference of fungal communities in the cellar sediments under two different catchment environments. The results revealed that the cellar sediments under the concrete catchment environment had higher diversity and richness of fungal communities than those under the loess land catchment environment. The dominant bacteria of the fungal communities under the two catchment environments were the same, namely Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Zygomycota, which constituted more than 90% of the abundance of the bacteria; however, the former had better homogeneity and stability. The indicator species based on LEfSe analysis demonstrated that Basidiobolales had the largest contribution to the diversity in the catchment environment of the loess land, and Mycosphaerella had the smallest contribution; Saccharomycetales contributed the most to the diversity in the concrete concentration environment, whereas Periconia contributed the least. The results of the co-occurrence network of the microbial community and environmental factors demonstrated that the positive relationship between fungi and environmental factors was stronger than the negative relationship. The research results have enhanced the understanding of the diversity of fungal communities in the cellar sediments and provided a reference for ensuring the drinking safety of rainwater harvesting cellar water for humans and livestock and improving the quality of cellar water.

Imaging, Genetic, and Pathological Features of Vascular Dementia.

BACKGROUND: Over the past decades, marked progress has been made in detecting vascular dementia (VD) both through maturation of diagnostic concepts and advances in brain imaging, especially MRI. We summarized the imaging, genetic, and pathological features of VD in this review. SUMMARY: It is a challenge for the diagnosis and treatment of VD, particularly in patients where there is no evident temporal relation between cerebrovascular events and cognitive dysfunction. In patients with cognitive dysfunction with poststroke onset, the etiological classification is still complicated. KEY MESSAGES: In this review, we summarized the clinical, imaging, and genetic as well as pathological features of VD. We hope to offer a framework to translate diagnostic criteria to daily practice, address treatment, and highlight some future perspectives.

Application of Shouwu Yizhi prescription in decubation of patients with ischemic stroke.

We investigate the application of Shouwu Yizhi prescription (SYP) in decubation of patients with ischemic stroke (IS). The clinical data of 106 patients recovering from IS who came to our hospital from December 2019 to December 2020 were selected for retrospective analysis, and they were separated into experimental group (n = 53, basic treatment + SYP) and control group (n = 53, basic treatment) based on the principle of random grouping. The clinical indexes such as lipid indexes and neurological disability score (NDS) after treatment were compared between both groups to comprehensively evaluate the clinical effects of different treatment regimens. Except for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol value, the lipid indexes in the experimental group after treatment were remarkably lower than those in the control group (P < 0.001). After treatment, the levels of hypersensitive C-reactive protein, homocysteine and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 were remarkably lower in the experimental group than control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the experimental group had remarkably higher mean scores of Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Fugl-Meyer Assessment in upper and lower limbs and lower NDS than control group (P < 0.001). SYP is an efficient treatment plan in decubation of IS, which can effectively improve the blood lipid indexes and neurological function of patients, and further studies will help establish a better solution for such patients.

An analysis of clinical and imaging features of unilateral impacted maxillary central incisors: A cross-sectional study.

INTRODUCTION: This cross-sectional study sought to assess clinical features and 3-dimensional distribution of unilateral impacted maxillary central incisors and identify factors associated with the root morphology. METHODS: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images from 94 subjects exhibiting unilateral impacted maxillary incisors were selected and evaluated. Original CBCT data were reconstructed using Mimics software (version 17.0; Materialise, Belgium). Clinical features and 3-dimensional distribution of impacted maxillary central incisors and factors associated with the root morphology were observed and analyzed by 2 orthodontists. RESULTS: This patient cohort included 52 male patients and 42 female patients. Thirty-three incisors (35.11%) with dilacerated roots, 17 incisors (18.09%) with retained deciduous teeth, 15 incisors (15.96%) with supernumerary teeth, and 15 incisors (15.96%) with a history of trauma were identified in the study. Of the 94 impacted incisors, the most common were labially impacted (n = 65; 69.15%), followed by vertically impacted (n = 17; 18.09%) and palatally impacted (n = 12; 12.77%). Chi-square tests revealed that differences in subjects with supernumerary teeth, buccolingual position, sagittal position, and axial position in the upright and dilacerated root groups were statistically significant (P <0.05). Logistic regression analysis indicated that the incidence of dilacerations was higher in the inverted position than in the inclined position and horizontal position (P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Labially impacted maxillary incisors were more common than vertically or palatally incisors. Dilaceration was most commonly observed in patients with inverted incisors. In clinical practice, CBCT is a valuable tool for diagnosing impacted maxillary central incisors and for making appropriate treatment plans for patients.

Laboratory investigation of permeability property of natural gravels with different particle sizes under different laying conditions.

The seepage properties of natural gravel are one of the problems to be considered in seepage project designs. In this paper, the seepage properties of the natural gravel with particle sizes of 5, 20 and 60 mm were investigated under different laying conditions. The effect of the particle size, laying depth, bulk density and pressurized head on the seepage properties of the natural gravel was analyzed by using the combined methods of theoretical analysis with physical model test. The results showed that the seepage flow in the natural gravel was non-laminar flow in the test conditions described in this paper. Meanwhile, the relationship between particle size, laying depth, bulk density, pressurized heads and seepage property was established. The seepage discharge increased with the increase of the pressurized head and particle size, and decreased with the increasing of laying depth and bulk density. The critical laying depth and bulk density can be obtained when the seepage discharge becomes zero. The empirical formula of the seepage discharge of natural gravel with different particle sizes, laying depths, bulk densities and pressurized heads was obtained with the method of nonlinear regression, which can be expressed as: Q=5.9546d0.3713γ-0.2974L-0.1156H0.1307-5.6614. The empirical formula was experimentally validated. The maximum relative error did not exceed 6.73%, proving that the empirical formula of the seepage discharge of natural gravel was rational. The results can provide an important reference to further studying the seepage properties of macropore media, and form a theoretical basis for applying the natural gravel in the seepage projects.

The fabrication of LiNbO3 memristors for electronic synapses using oxygen annealing.

Based on the LiNbO3 (LN) single crystal thin film prepared using Ar+ etching, an LN thin film memristor was fabricated by oxygen annealing. Atomic force microscope, scanning electron microscope and electron paramagnetic resonance test results show that the method uniformly reduces the amount of oxygen vacancies on the surface of the material. The current-voltage scanning (I-V scanning), retention and endurance test results show that this method effectively reduces the possibility of breakdown and increases the retention and endurance performance of the device. By adjusting the parameters of the electric pulse, the annealed sample successfully emulated spike-rate dependent plasticity, pulse-paired facilitation, post-tetanic potentiation, Ebbinghaus forgetting curve and the spike-time dependent plasticity. These results indicate that the device prepared herein could be used as an electronic synapse in the field of brain-like neuromorphic computing systems.

Modeling CO2 exchange and meteorological factors of an apple orchard using partial least square regression.

The eddy covariance (EC) technique was used to measure variations of orchard-atmosphere CO2 exchange, as a function of meteorological variables in an apple orchard in 2016-2017. The annual average CO2 exchange rate was 2.295 kg m-2. Excavations and biomass assessments demonstrated that the orchard stored close to 20.6 tC ha-1 as plant C over a 15-year period. Seasonally, high rates of CO2 uptake and low CO2 emissions occurred between May and August and December and March, respectively. The maximum rates of monthly CO2 exchange were 144.44 and 153.61 gC m-2 month-1 in August 2016 and June 2017, respectively. Partial least squares (PLS) regressions were used to analyze the influence of meteorological factors to on CO2 exchange rates. Temperature and photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) were observed to exert the largest influence on driving variation in CO2 exchange. The main meteorological factors affecting CO2 exchange on daily and monthly time scales were soil temperature (Tsoil), air temperature (Ta), PAR, below canopy CO2 concentration (BCC), vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and soil water content at 50 cm (SWC50cm). The regression model equation describing CO2 exchange included Ta, VPD, precipitation (PPT), and sunshine duration (SD), as significant variables. This model curve fitting explains over 80% of the variation in CO2 exchange. This study provides CO2 exchange characteristics and a model equation capable of predicting CO2 exchange of an apple orchard. Graphical Abstract.

Investigation on Wear Behavior of Cryogenically Treated Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Alloy under Dry and Wet Conditions.

Titanium alloys are widely used in many fields because of their excellent comprehensive properties. However, its poor friction and wear properties limit its many potential applications. In general, the surface roughness of important parts manufactured by titanium alloy should meet certain requirements. As a low-cost and high-efficiency processing method, barrel finishing has been used for the surface finishing of titanium alloys. The main material removal mechanism of barrel finishing is micro-cutting/grinding, which is similar to the material wear mechanism under some conditions. In addition, titanium alloys are subjected to a low force in common surface finishing processes. Cryogenic treatment is a method that can improve the comprehensive properties of titanium alloys. Therefore, the friction and wear behavior of cryogenically treated Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy (CT Ti alloy) and non-cryogenically treated Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy (NT Ti alloy) at a low load and scratch speed was studied comparatively in this paper. The results show that the CT Ti alloy exhibits a lower friction coefficient and wear rate under both dry and wet wear conditions. Under wet conditions, the stabilized friction coefficient is lower than that under dry conditions. The stabilized friction coefficient of CT Ti alloy is 0.18 after reaching a stable wear stage under wet conditions. Under dry wear conditions, the NT Ti alloy mainly showed typical abrasive wear, heavy adhesion wear and oxidation wear characters. The wear mechanisms of CT Ti alloy are mainly abrasive wear, slight adhesion wear and oxidation wear. Under wet wear conditions, the wear mechanism of NT Ti alloy is abrasive wear and slight adhesion wear. After cryogenic treatment, the mechanism for CT Ti alloy is slight abrasive wear.

[Key Bacteria for the Microbial Degradation of Pollutants in Cellar Water].

The study aimed to identify the key bacteria and the potential interactions among these bacteria during the degradation of pollutants in cellar water, The main pollution characteristics were nitrogen, phosphorus and organic pollution. The structure and function of the bacterial community and its correlation with water quality variables were analyzed. A network of seven associations of microbial co-occurrence was set up, based on 16S rRNA and the model for inferring co-occurrence or interspecific interactions of microbial species. This showed that there were a large number of microorganisms with relatively specific ecological functions in the cellar water, and that many metabolic activities were involved. The ecological relationships of most bacteria in the association network were a form of mutualism. The most prominent genera included Lacibacter, Arthrobacter, Candidatus Protochlamydia, Methylocaldum, Sulfuritalea, Mycobacterium, Aquirestis, Rhodobacter, and, Methylotenera. The strong associations were observed between following bacteria:Sulfuritalea-Rhodobacter, Azospirillum-Rhodobacter, Methylocaldum-Rhodobacter, Arthrobacter-Rhodobacter, Rhodoplanes-Rhodobacter, Candidatus Protochlamydia-Rhodobacter, Methylotenera-Rhodobacter, Rhodobacter-Aquirestis, Mycobacterium-Rhodobacter, Planctomyces-Candidatus Solibacter, Planctomyces-Legionella, Hymenobacter-Adhaeribacter, and Luteolibacter-Crenothrix. It was considered that Rhodobacter, Methylocaldum, Methylotenera, Acinetobacter, Novosphingobium, Planctomyces, Hymenobacter, and Luteolibacter were the key bacteria involved in microbial degradation of cellar water pollutants, and Rhodobacter was the representative genus of the key bacteria. The authors concluded that the research results improved understanding of the microbial degradation mechanism of pollutants in cellar water.

Huayu Tongmai Granules protects against vascular endothelial dysfunction via up-regulating miR-185 and down-regulating RAGE.

Objective: Receptor of advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a membrane protein that contributes to the initiation and progression of diabetic vascular complications, which is reported as a target of miR-185. Huayu Tongmai Granules is a Chinese herbal compound that is capable of treating diabetic angiopathy. The present study was designed to explore the molecular biological mechanism by which Huayu Tongmai Granules protects against diabetic angiopathy.Methods: The rat model of diabetes and hyperglucose cell model were established. The blood glucose was detected to verify whether the model was successfully established. Besides, serum nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations of the rats in each group were determined. The quantitative real-time PCR analysis was performed to examine the mRNA expression levels of miR-185 and other miRNAs in femoral artery of rats or human umbilical vein endothelial cell line. Additionally, the protein levels of RAGE or Bax were determined using Western blotting. Cell apoptosis was determined by terminal dUTP nick-end labeling assay or flow cytometry.Results: In the present study, we found that Huayu Tongmai Granules significantly decreased blood glucose and serum ROS and up-regulated serum NO concentration. MiR-185 was low-expressed in diabetic rats; however, Huayu Tongmai Granules intervention up-regulated miR-185. Stable overexpression of miR-185 directly suppressed the expression of RAGE and further suppressed endothelial cell apoptosis.Conclusion: Huayu Tongmai Granules appears to have a therapeutic effect on diabetic angiopathy that is most probably mediated by miR-185/RAGE axis.

[Characteristics of CO2 Flux in a Mature Apple (Malus demestica) Orchard Ecosystem on the Loess Plateau].

Apples (Malus demestica) in the Loess Plateau region are grown in the largest apple orchards in the world and China, playing an important role in the improvement of the ecological environment. However, there is little research on the scale of the ecological system of the apple orchard in the Loess Plateau region. In this study, the CO2 flux of a mature apple orchard in the Loess Plateau region was observed using an eddy covariance technique in the Shannxi Province. Based on the observation data sets observed from January 2016 to December 2016, a quantitative analysis of the apple orchard net ecosystem exchange (NEE), ecosystem respiration (Reco), total ecosystem primary productivity (GPP) changes at different time scales, changes in main meteorological factors, the effects of soil temperature (Ts) and air temperature (Ta) at different levels, and PAR on NEE were discussed. The results showed that during the study period, the apple orchard ecosystem NEE monthly totals were positive (as a carbon source) in the non-growing season in December, January, February and March, were negative (a carbon sink) in the growing season from April to November, and functioned as a strong carbon sink year round. The maximum peak NEE (absolute value) monthly average daily change appeared in August[-17.08 µmol ·(m2 ·s)-1], and the smallest peak appeared in November[-4.47 µmol ·(m2 ·s)-1] during the growing season. The NEE monthly average daily change value during the non-growing season is very weak, though the change is not obvious. GPP, Reco, and NEE maximum daily total values were 11.12, 5.04, and -7.34 g ·(m2 ·d)-1, respectively. GPP, Reco, and NEE maximum monthly total values were 238.97, 105.38, and -144.44 g ·(m2 ·month)-1, respectively, as GPP and NEE maintained high cumulative values that were relatively stable from May through August. The annual GPP, Reco, and NEE were 1223.2, 525.2, and -698.0 g ·(m2 ·a)-1. The observations show that the mature apple orchard ecosystem in the Chinese Loess Plateau has a relatively high carbon sequestration capacity. Nighttime ecosystem respiration Reco.n was positively correlated with the soil temperature and air temperature at different levels, and the correlation coefficients were Ts-5 cm > Ts-10 cm > Ta-4 m > Ta-8 m, The photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) can explain more than 80% of the daytime NEE changes.

Ginsenoside Rg1 and Acori Graminei Rhizoma Attenuates Neuron Cell Apoptosis by Promoting the Expression of miR-873-5p in Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) severely threatens human health in their old age, however the potential etiology underlying it is still unclear. Both Ginsenoside Rg1 (GRg1) and Acori graminei Rhizoma (AGR) are the traditional Chinese herbal drug, while their potential role in AD remains need further identification. Both SAMP1 and SAMP8 mice were employed as the control and AD mice. Morris water maze method was used to detect the cognitive function of the mice, TUNEL assay was performed to determine cell apoptosis. Real-time PCR and western blot were carried out to measure gene expression. The relationship between miR-873-5p and HMOX1 was determined using luciferase reporter assay. Comparing with SAMP1, the cognitive function was impaired and cell apoptosis was increased in SAMP8 mice. GRg1 + AGR treatment significantly attenuated the symptom of AD. The expression of miR-873-5p was decreased, while HMOX1 was increased in SAMP8 mice. GRg1 + AGR treatment significantly promoted the expression of miR-873-5p, but decreased HMOX1. MiR-873-5p targets HMOX1 to regulate its expression. Aß1-42 stimulation decreased the expression of miR-873-5p, but increased HMOX1 in PC12 cells. GRg1 + AGR treatment reversed the effect of Aß1-42, while miR-873-5p inhibitor abolished the effect of GRg1 + AGR. In vivo experiments confirmed the protect role of GRg1 + AGR in AD. GRg1 + AGR suppressed neuron cell apoptosis by regulating the expression of miR-873-5p in AD.

Amentoflavone Ameliorates Aß1-42-Induced Memory Deficits and Oxidative Stress in Cellular and Rat Model.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system, is the most common cause of senile dementia. This study aimed to investigate whether amentoflavone (AF), a biflavonoid compound, could exert neuroprotective activities against AD. The AD model was established by the intracranial injection of amyloid-beta (Aß) in rat models. The effect of AF on cognitive function was examined using the Morris water maze test. Cell survival and apoptosis in the hippocampal region in an animal model were detected using Nissl staining and a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferased UTP nick-end labeling assay, respectively. The levels of oxidant enzymes were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Signaling molecule expressions were examined by western blotting. Our results showed that AF significantly attenuated Aß-induced deficits in neurological functions as well as neuronal cell death and apoptosis in the hippocampal region. Moreover, our findings revealed that AF increased nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression and translocation and activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling. In a cellular model of AD established by exposing PC12 cells to Aß, our results provided further evidence that the neuroprotective activities of AF were mediated by modulating Nrf2 through AMPK/glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta signaling. AF exerts a protective effect against Aß1-42-induced neurotoxcicity by inducing Nrf2 antioxidant pathways via AMPK signaling activation, which provided experimental evidence that AF might provide a clinical benefit to patients with AD.

Characterizing the transcriptome and microsatellite markers for almond (Amygdalus communis L.) using the Illumina sequencing platform.

BACKGROUND: The almond tree (Prunus amygdalus Batsch) is an important nut tree grown in subtropical regions that produces nutrient-rich nuts. However, a paucity of genomic information and DNA markers has restricted the development of modern breeding technologies for almond trees. RESULTS: In this study, almonds were sequenced with Illumina paired-end sequencing technology to obtain transcriptome data and develop simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers. We generated approximately 64 million clean reads from the various tissues of mixed almonds, and a total of 42,135 unigenes with an average length of 988 bp were obtained in the present study. A total of 27,586 unigenes (57.7% of all unigenes generated) were annotated using several databases. A total of 112,812 unigenes were annotated with the Gene Ontology (GO) database and assigned to 82 functional sub-groups, and 29,075 unigenes were assigned to the KOG database and classified into 25 function classifications. There were 9470 unigenes assigned to 129 Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways from five categories in the KEGG pathway database. We further identified 8641 SSR markers from 48,012 unigenes. A total of 100 SSR markers were randomly selected to validate quality, and 82 markers could amplify the specific products of A. communis L., whereas 70 markers were successfully transferable to five species (A. ledebouriana, A. mongolica, A. pedunculata, A. tangutica, and A. triloba). CONCLUSIONS: Our study was the first to produce public transcriptome data from almonds. The development of SSR markers will promote genetics research and breeding programmes for almonds.

Optimization of cotton variety registration criteria aided with a genotype-by-trait biplot analysis.

China is one of the largest cotton producing countries in the world thanks to high yields, on which a variety registration system has mainly focused, so that a lack of quality is nowadays acknowledged as a weak point of the cotton industry in that country. The objective of this study was to check the hypothesis that bias in cultivar selection in favor of yield has been maintained through the application of an imperfect selection index (SI), but that a better outcome is possible. Our demonstration is based on an analysis of the data from ten years of cotton variety trials using genotype-by-trait biplots, implemented both for the cultivar selection index (SI) currently applied in China and for an adjusted selection index (ASI) that more effectively took into account the antagonism between yield and quality traits. The main findings were: 1) significant negative associations between yield and fiber quality hindered their simultaneous improvement; 2) registered genotypes were mainly determined by the SI which was primarily yield-oriented; 3) no progress in fiber quality was recorded unlike yield; 4) balanced progress in yield and quality is possible through an adjusted selection index (ASI) guided by genotype-by-trait biplot analysis.

Protective effect of Shouwu Yizhi decoction against vascular dementia by promoting angiogenesis.

Shouwu is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with neuroprotective effect. Shouwu Yizhi decoction (SYD) was designed based on TCM theory. However, little is known about the roles of SYD in Vascular dementia (VaD). The present study aimed to evaluate the potential effects of SYD on the vascular cognitive impairment and explore the underlying mechanism by establishing focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) rat model to induce VaD. SYD administration (54 mg·kg-1) for 40 days obviously improved the vascular cognitive impairment in the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats as evidenced by the declined neurological deficit score and shortened escape latency via neurological deficit assessment and Morris water maze test. Moreover, SYD decreased neuron damage-induced cell death and ameliorated the ultrastructure of endothelial cells in the MCAO rats, thereby alleviating VaD. Mechanistically, SYD caused increases in the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), CD34 and CD31, compared with the MCAO rats in coronal hippocampus. Simultaneously, the expression level of miR-210 was elevated significantly after SYD administration, compared with the vehicle rats (P < 0.01). The expression of Notch 4 at both mRNA and protein levels was upregulated remarkably along with the notably downregulated DLL4 expression under SYD administration compared with the vehicle rats (P < 0.05). Overall, the above results indicated that SYD promoted angiogenesis by upregulating VEGF-induced miR210 expression to activate Notch pathway, and further alleviated neuron damage and ameliorated the ultrastructure of endothelial cells in the MCAO rats, ultimately enhancing the cognition and memory of MCAO rats. Therefore, our findings preliminarily identified the effect and the mechanism of action for SYD on VaD in rats. SYD could be a potential candidate in treatment of VaD.

[Microbial Community Structure and Diversity in Cellar Water by 16S rRNA High-throughput Sequencing].

This study was aimed to explore the bacterial diversity of cellar water as well as to study the relationship between the bacterial diversity and environmental factors. The MiSeq high-throughput sequencing was used to analyze and compare the bacterial diversity and community composition of samples from different cellar water samples. Overall 1605 optimized reads were obtained from four samples based on high-throughput sequencing of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Bacterial species detected in these samples covered 22 phyla,42 classes,71 orders,115 families, 146 genera. Analysis showed that the bacterial diversity was very high in these samples, and there were differences among different samples. The distribution characteristics of the dominant bacteria showed patterns of a large number of rare species and a few common types. Taxonomic assignment analysis indicated that Bacteroidetes,Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,Verrucomicrobia,OD1 dominated in the Cellar water, and accounted for 87.1% to 94.8% at phylum level. The predominant groups were Actinobacteria,Acidimicrobiia,Cytophagia, Flavobacteriia, Sphingobacteriia,α-Proteobacteria,ß-Proteobacteria,γ-Proteobacteria,Opitutae, Verrucomicrobiae,Pedosphaerae and ZB2 at class level. At genus level Rhodobacter,Dechloromonas,Flavobacterium,Acinetobacter,Comamonas,Pseudomonas,Hydrogenophaga,et al were the abundant taxa, which were mainly denitrifying bacteria and heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification bacteria. The result of RDA suggested that the influences of different environmental factors on different microbes were different. Bacterial community Ⅱ had significant positive correlation with UV254,permanganate index,BOD5,and Bacterial community Ⅲ had significant positive correlation with TN,NO2--N,NO3--N,TP,NH4+-N. This research should deepen the understanding on microbial community in Cellar water, and provide references for the association of bacterial composition and diversity with environmental factors.

[Microbial Community Diversity and Differences in Cellar water of Typical Rainwater Harvesting Area].

In order to explore the natural change mechanisms for cellar water quality for typical rainwater harvesting and drinking water surfaces in China, the MiSeq high-throughput sequencing method was used to study the differences between characteristics of microbial communities and functional diversity regarding collecting and making use of rainwater. This is achieved through constructing combined modes of different types of catchment areas and water-storing cellars. The results of this study show that there is significant differences in microbial community structure and function. The main factors causing this difference are heterogeneity of internal and external environmental factors regarding cellar water. The diversity of microbial community structures in cellar water show patterns of a large number of rare species and few common species. There are different significant microbial communities at different water points. The differences in the functional diversity of microbial communities shows that gene sequences that encode metabolic functions have significant advantages over other functional gene sequences, and amino acid, carbohydrate, lipid, energy, vitamin, terpenoid and polyketide, nucleotide, and glycan metabolism, as well as the biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites, are the main functional groups that compose metabolic function. This shows that there are a large number of microorganisms with relatively specific ecological functions in cellar water and many active metabolic activities are involved. Cellar water quality can be improved through combined modes of concrete collecting surfaces and water-storing cellars for collection and storage of rainwater. The results of the study aim to deepen the understanding of cellar water microbial community structures and diversity to be used as a reference for improving water quality and selecting the water surfaces for rainwater harvesting.

Tanshinol suppresses endothelial cells apoptosis in mice with atherosclerosis via lncRNA TUG1 up-regulating the expression of miR-26a.

Endothelial cell (EC) apoptosis is a crucial process for the development of atherosclerosis. Tanshinol is reported to protect vascular endothelia and attenuate the formation of atherosclerosis. However, the potential molecule mechanism of the protective role of tanshinol in atherosclerosis need to be further investigated. ApoE(-/-)mice were fed with a high-fat diet and treated with tanshinol to detect the effect of tanshinol on endothelial cells apoptosis with TUNEL staining assay. qRT-PCR and Western blot were performed to examine the expression of TUG1 and miR-26a in endothelial cells. RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation assay was performed to verify the relationship between TUG1 and miR-26a. It has been shown that tanshinol reduced the aortic atherosclerotic lesion area in the entire aorta and aortic sinus in a concentration dependent manner, and suppressed the endothelial cells apoptosis in ApoE(-/-) mice. We further found that the mRNA level of TUG1 was reduced and the expression of miR-26a was up-regulated by tanshinol in endothelial cells. In addition, TUG1 down-regulated the expression of miR-26a in ECV304 cells. Finally, it was shown that overexpression of TUG1 removed the reversed effect of tanshinol on oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced endothelial cells apoptosis. Taken together, our study reveals that tanshinol could attenuate the endothelial cells apoptosis in atherosclerotic ApoE(-/-) mice. Moreover, low TUG1 expression and high level of miR-26a are associated with the endothelial protecting effect of tanshinol.