Subject(s)
Diarrhea/virology , Rotavirus/isolation & purification , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Genotype , Humans , Infant , Male , Rotavirus/classification , Rotavirus/genetics , SeasonsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To understand whether human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is one of the pathogens leading to the children's respiratory infections in Urumqi. METHODS: A total number of 209 samples were collected in the People's General Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from November 2006 to April 2007 with some from the hospitalized children, while the others from outpatient clinic. Specimens included nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPA) and swabs were analyzed. Samples were all tested hMPV M gene by RT-PCR while the two positive PCR amplicons were sequenced and compared with other hMPV in GenBank by Blast and DNAstar. RESULTS: Of all the 209 samples, two positive ones were tested. The identities between them were 83.8%. Results from Phylogenetic analysis showed that they might belong to two different clusters. CONCLUSION: hMPV was one of the pathogens leading to the children's respiratory tract infections in Urumqi, with two different hMPV groups existed in the same season.
Subject(s)
Metapneumovirus/genetics , Metapneumovirus/pathogenicity , Paramyxoviridae Infections/complications , Paramyxoviridae Infections/epidemiology , Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology , Respiratory Tract Infections/etiology , Child , Child, Preschool , China/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Metapneumovirus/classification , Paramyxoviridae Infections/virology , Phylogeny , Respiratory Tract Infections/virology , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Viral Matrix Proteins/geneticsABSTRACT
Although G9 rotaviruses have become one of the important rotavirus genotypes worldwide, they have been uncommon in China. Recently, we reported G9 rotaviruses as a highly prevalent genotype in Xinjiang, the northwest part of China [Yang, X., Matthijnssens, J., Sun, H., Muhamaiti, J., Zhang, B., Nahar, S., Van Ranst, M., Rahman, M., 2008. Temporal changes of rotavirus strain distribution in a northwest city of China, 1996-2005. Int. J. Infect. Dis., June (Epub ahead of print)]. Here we report the genetic variations of the Xinjiang-G9 rotaviruses isolated between 1999 and 2005. Sequence analysis of the VP7 genes of Xinjiang-G9 strains indicated that they were more closely related to the contemporary global G9 strains than to the prototype Chinese G9 strains. However, their VP4 genes were most similar to those from the locally circulating G1P[8], G2P[4], G3P[6] and G3P[8] strains. This indicates that reassortment rather than antigenic drift might be the preferred evolutionary mechanism for the emergence of the G9 rotaviruses in Xinjiang. These findings will be of major significance for understanding the emergence of newly introduced rotavirus strains.
Subject(s)
Communicable Diseases, Emerging/virology , Rotavirus Infections/virology , Rotavirus/classification , Rotavirus/genetics , Antigens, Viral/genetics , Capsid Proteins/genetics , China , Feces/virology , Genetic Variation/genetics , Genotype , Molecular Sequence Data , Phylogeny , Rotavirus/isolation & purification , Species SpecificityABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Very little is known about human rotaviruses in the northwest of China. To investigate the genomic diversity, we evaluated the distribution of rotavirus genotypes in this region covering a 10-year period (1996-2005). METHODS: Rotavirus antigen was detected in stool specimens by enzyme immunoassay (EIA), and G and P genotyping was performed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and nucleotide sequencing methods. RESULTS: A total of 783 stool specimens collected from children with diarrhea, under 5 years of age, attending an urban hospital in Xinjiang were tested for rotavirus antigen, and 398 (50.8%) were positive. Overall, the most prevalent rotavirus genotype was G1P[8] (40.0%), followed by G3P[8] (17.5%), G2P[4] (8.3%), and G2P[6] (6.5%). G1 rotavirus was the most prevalent genotype until 2004. However, in 2005, G3 rotavirus (51.9%) became a dominating strain. Only one G9 strain was isolated in this region (isolated for the first time in 1999) and it became a more prevalent strain (21.2%) in 2005. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study are of importance to the decision makers in the evaluation of rotavirus vaccines in China.
Subject(s)
Diarrhea/epidemiology , Hospitals, Urban , Rotavirus Infections/epidemiology , Rotavirus/classification , Rotavirus/isolation & purification , Antigens, Viral/analysis , Capsid Proteins/analysis , Child, Preschool , China/epidemiology , Diarrhea/virology , Feces/virology , Genotype , Humans , Immunoenzyme Techniques , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Molecular Epidemiology , Molecular Sequence Data , Prevalence , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Rotavirus/genetics , Rotavirus Infections/virology , Sequence Analysis, DNAABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The study was designed to investigate the status of molecular epidemiology of HCMV in Urumqi through genetic comparison of clinical isolates. METHODS: DNA sequences of 2.0-2.6 kb were amplified by polymerase chain reaction from three relatively conservative gene regions (DNA polymerase, glycoproteins H, and major immediate-early antigen) of 28 clinical HCMV strains and then were analysed by restriction enzymes. RESULTS: The restriction patterns of the clinical isolates which did not have relation in epidemiology were greatly different, but the patterns of the clinical isolates related in epidemiology such as strains paired in mother and infant were quite similar. Of eight mother and infant pairs, from whom HCMV were isolated, four pairs showed identity of restriction profiles within each pair for all three amplified regions, four pairs showed differences between mother and infant. CONCLUSION: These results confirm the high degree of genetic variability among cytomegalovirus strains in Urumqi. Analysis of PCR-RFLP can indicate transmission of HCMV infection and facilitate its molecular epidemiologic studies.
