[Effects of Butylphthalide on the expressions of HMGB1 and RAGE in frontal lobe of rats after chronic sleep deprivation].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of Butylphthalide on the expressions of HMGB1 and RAGE in frontal lobe of rats after chronic sleep deprivation. METHODS: Chronic sleep deprivation and butylphthalide treatment was performed in Sprague Dawley(SD)rats and the rats were divided into three groups (n＝6): platform control group, chronic sleep deprivation group and chronic sleep deprivation + butylphthalide intervention group. Rats suffering chronic sleep deprivation were put in multiple platforms box for 18 h per day and sleep deprivation lasted for 28 days. Rats in butylphthalide intervention group were intraperitoneally injected with butylphthalide 100 mg/(kg·d) for 14 days after sleep deprivation. After collecting brains, high-mobility group box (HMGB1) and nuclear transcription factor kappB (NF-κB)p65 were detected by immunohistochemistry. The expression of HMGB1, silent information regulator of transcription 1 (SIRT1), receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) and NF-κB in frontal lobe were determinated by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with platform control group, the expression levels of HMGB1, RAGE and nuclear NF-κB p65 were increased significantly, while the expression of SIRT1 was decreased siginificantly in frontal lobe of chronic sleep deprivation group (all P＜0.05). Compared with chronic sleep deprivation group, the expression levels of of HMGB1, RAGE and nuclear NF-κB p65 were decreased significantly, while the expression of SIRT1 was increased significantly in chronic sleep deprivation + butylphthalide intervention group (all P＜0.05). CONCLUSION: Butylphthalide can inhibit HMGB1/RAGE/NF-κB pathway in frontal lobe of rats after chronic sleep deprivation by changing the expression of HMGB1 and RAGE, and reducing the nuclear translocation of NF-κBp65.

The continuous accumulation of Na+ in detached leaf sections is associated with over-expression of NTHK1 and salt tolerance in poplar plants.

Detached leaf sections (2×2cm2) from transgenic poplar line 18-1 and its wild type (WT) (Populus× euramericana 'Neva') were used to test their salt tolerance and gene expression under controlled environment conditions. The sections from line 18-1 displayed better tolerance to NaCl stress, indicated by high chlorophyll retention and K+ content but low relative electrolyte leakage (REL). Transient overexpression of NTHK1 (Nicotiana tabacum histidine kinase 1) and V-H+-PPase was found in the detached young leaves from line 18-1 after they had been stressed for a few minutes. The activities of vacuolar-type H+-ATPase and H+-PPase in line 18-1 were boosted initially and then decreased to normal level as in unstressed leaves. After sections were stressed for 10 days, the maximal Na+ concentration in line 18-1 was much higher than that in the WT. The higher capacity for Na+ accumulation in line 18-1 may be due to stable Na+ sequestration into the vacuoles. Osmotic stress imposed little effect on REL and chlorophyll content of the sections. The capacity of detached leaf sections in NaCl solution to tolerate stress and to accumulate Na+ may be useful for identifying genotypes with good salt tolerance in poplar and other plants.