ABSTRACT
(Ca1-x Eux )WO4 (x = 0-21 mol%) phosphors were prepared using the classical solid-state reaction method. The influence of Eu3+ ion doping on lattice structure was observed using powder X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Furthermore, under this influence, the luminescence properties of all samples were analyzed. The results clearly illustrated that the element europium was successfully incorporated into the CaWO4 lattice with a scheelite structure in the form of a Eu3+ ion, which introduced a slight lattice distortion into the CaWO4 matrix. These lattice distortions had no effect on phase purity, but had regular effects on the intrinsic luminescence of the matrix and the f-f excitation transitions of Eu3+ activators. When the Eu3+ concentration was increased to 21 mol%, a local luminescence centre of [WO4 ]2- groups was detected in the matrix and manifested as the decay curves of [WO4 ]2- groups and luminescence changed from single exponential to double exponential fitting. Furthermore, the excitation transitions of Eu3+ between different energy levels (such as 7 F0 â5 L6 , 7 F0 â5 D2 ) also produced interesting changes. Based on analysis of photoluminescence spectra and the chromaticity coordinates in this study, it could be verified that the nonreversing energy transfer of [WO4 ]2- âEu3+ was efficient and incomplete.
Subject(s)
Europium , Luminescence , Energy Transfer , Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared , X-Ray DiffractionABSTRACT
Dy3+ -doped Y3 Al5 O12 phosphors were prepared at a relatively low temperature using molten salt synthesis. The phase of the prepared Dy3+ -doped Y3 Al5 O12 phosphors was confirmed using X-ray powder diffraction. Results indicated that Dy3+ doping did not change the Y3 Al5 O12 phase. Following excitation at 352 nm, emission spectra of the Dy3+ -doped Y3 Al5 O12 phosphors consisted of blue, yellow, and red emission bands. The influence of Dy3+ concentration and excitation wavelength on emission was investigated. The ratio of yellow light to blue light varied with change in Dy3+ doping concentration, due to changes in the structure around Dy3+ . Emission intensities also changed when the excitation wavelength was changed. This variation is luminescence generated a system for tunable white light for Dy3+ -doped Y3 Al5 O12 phosphors.
Subject(s)
Aluminum Oxide/chemistry , Dysprosium/chemistry , Luminescence , Luminescent Agents/chemistry , Yttrium/chemistry , Luminescent Agents/chemical synthesis , Powder Diffraction , Salts/chemical synthesis , Salts/chemistryABSTRACT
The electrosynthesis of high-value ethanol from carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide addresses the need for the large-scale storage of renewable electricity and reduction of carbon emissions. However, the electrosynthesis of ethanol by the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) has suffered from low selectivity and energy efficiency. Here, we report a catalyst composed of Au nanoparticles in Cu2O nanocavities (Au@Cu2O) that is very active for CO2 reduction to ethanol through the confinement of the CO intermediate. The architecture shows tandem catalysis mechanisms in which CO2 reduction on Au yolks produces CO filling Cu nanocavities, where a sufficiently high CO concentration due to the confinement effect promotes ethanol formation and then results in an ethanol faradaic efficiency of 52.3% at -0.30 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (vs. RHE) via regulating the hollow size of the Cu2O nanocavities. Such a strategy provides a new way of fabricating various tandem catalysts with high selectivity and efficiency for the CO2RR.
ABSTRACT
Tb2.96- x Ce0.04GdxAl5O12 phosphors were synthesized through solid-state reactions. The influence of Gd3+ on the luminescence was investigated. Under the excitation at 460 nm, Tb2.96Ce0.04Al5O12 shows the characteristic emission band of Ce3+ with a peak wavelength at about 554 nm. After co-doping Gd3+ into Tb2.96Ce0.04Al5O12, the peak wavelength of the Ce3+ emission band shifts to longer wavelengths, which is induced by the increasing crystal field splitting. However, the Ce3+ emission intensity also decreases because the substitution of Tb3+ with Gd3+ causes lattice deformation and generates numerous structural and chemical defects. By comparing the light parameters of white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) containing Y2.96Ce0.04Al5O12, Tb2.96Ce0.04Al5O12 and Tb2.81Ce0.04Gd0.15Al5O12 phosphors, we can find that the WLED containing the Tb2.81Ce0.04Gd0.15Al5O12 phosphor generates warmer light than the WLEDs containing Y2.96Ce0.04Al5O12 and Tb2.96Ce0.04Al5O12 phosphors. Moreover, the WLEDs fabricated by integrating a blue LED chip and Ce3+/Gd3+-co-doped Tb3Al5O12 phosphors show outstanding colour stability when driven under different currents.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To observe the non-surgical treatment response on diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis. METHODS: Moderate to advanced chronic periodontitis was studied in 36 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients classified as 20 cases with high and fluctuating blood glucose level (DM-H) and 16 cases with relatively low and stable blood glucose level (DM-L). 28 non-DM patients with chronic periodontitis served as control (Non-DM). Plaque Index (PlI), Gingival Index (GI), Bleeding on Probing (BOP), Probing Depth (PD) and Clinical Attachment Loss (AL) of all patients were recorded at 6 sites on each tooth at the baseline and in the first, the third, the sixth month after oral hygiene instrument (OHI), scaling and root planing. RESULTS: It was found that the short-term effect of non-surgical periodontal procedure had resulted in significant resolution of gingival inflammation and pronounced reduction in pocket depth and gain of attachment loss in all patients. The treatment response was similar in both DM and Non-DM patients with chronic periodontitis. CONCLUSIONS: Non-surgical periodontal treatment allowed for favorable treatment responses in a group of diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis and that their various profiles of blood glucose did not influence the short-term healing response to the treatment.
