Reverse Micelles Extraction of Prolamin from Baijiu Jiuzao: Impact of Isolation Process on Protein Structure and Morphology.

Prolamins, proteins derived from plants, have extensive applications in pharmaceutics and food science. Jiuzao is a byproduct of the Baijiu brewing industry, and is a great source of prolamin. Despite its importance, knowledge regarding the extraction techniques and the properties of prolamin derived from Baijiu Jiuzao (PBJ) remains limited. Reverse micelles (RMs) extraction offers an efficient and cost-effective method for purifying proteins. In the present study, prolamin was extracted from Baijiu Jiuzao using RMs extraction and subsequently characterized in terms of its secondary structure, morphology, and particle size distribution. Our findings indicate that the purified prolamin extracted using further RMs extraction possessed higher α-helix content (+13.25%), forming a large-scale protein network, and narrower particle size distributions compared to the crude prolamin obtained by NaOH-ethanol method. This research suggests that RMs extraction has potential applications in extracting prolamin from brewing industry byproducts, offering an environmentally friendly approach to Baijiu Jiuzao recycling.

Comparative effectiveness and tolerability of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) monoclonal antibodies and onabotulinumtoxinA in chronic migraine: A multicenter, real-world study in Taiwan.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the real-world effectiveness and tolerability of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and onabotulinumtoxinA in chronic migraine (CM) patients. METHODS: This multicenter study involved retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of CM patients treated with CGRP mAbs or onabotulinumtoxinA, including difficult-to-treat (DTT) patients (i.e., ≥3 preventive failures). Treatment outcomes were determined at 6 months based on prospective headache diaries and Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS). RESULTS: The study included 316 (55 M/261F, mean age 44.4 ± 13.5 years) and 333 (61 M/272F, mean age 47.9 ± 13.4 years) CM patients treated with CGRP mAbs or onabotulinbumtoxinA, respectively. At 6 months, CGRP mAb treatment was associated with a greater decrease in monthly migraine days (MMDs) (-13.0 vs. -8.7 days/month, p < 0.001) and a higher ≥50% responder rate (RR) (74.7% vs. 50.7%, p < 0.001) compared with onabotulinumtoxinA injections. The findings were consistent in DTT patients (-13.0 vs. -9.1 MMDs, p < 0.001; ≥50% RR: 73.9% vs. 50.3%, p < 0.001) or those with medication-overuse headache (MOH) (-13.3 vs. -9.0 MMDs, p < 0.001; ≥50% RR: 79.0% vs. 51.6%, p < 0.001). Besides, patients receiving CGRP mAbs had greater improvement (-42.2 vs. -11.8, p < 0.001) and a higher ≥50% RR (62.0% vs. 40.0%, p = 0.001) in MIDAS scores and a lower rate of adverse events (AEs) (6.0% vs. 21.0%, p < 0.001). However, none of the patients discontinued treatment due to AEs. CONCLUSIONS: In this multicenter, real-world study, CGRP mAbs were more effective than onabotulinumtoxinA in CM patients, even in DTT or MOH patients. All of these injectables were well tolerated. Further prospective studies are needed to verify these findings.

Effect of Kinesiology Taping on Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

PURPOSE: The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the impact of kinesiology taping on individuals suffering from breast cancer-related lymphedema. METHODS AND METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive search in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases, spanning from their inception date to December 20, 2023, to identify pertinent studies. Inclusion criteria comprised studies that (1) enrolled participants diagnosed with breast cancer-related lymphedema; (2) implemented kinesiology taping as the intervention; (3) incorporated either complete decongestive therapy, exercise, or sham taping as the control treatment; and (4) included clinical measurements such as the severity of lymphedema, upper limb function assessment, quality of life, and perceived comfort. RESULTS: Information was extracted from 14 randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The analyses demonstrated statistically significant improvement, indicating a preference for kinesiology taping in the outcomes of upper limb functional assessment (standardized mean difference [SMD] = -0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [-1.22, -0.55]), quality of life (SMD = 0.50, 95% CI: [0.16, 0.84]), and perceived comfort (SMD = 0.85, 95% CI: [0.34, 1.36]). CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that kinesiology taping could be considered a viable option for individuals dealing with breast cancer-related lymphedema. Nevertheless, acknowledging certain limitations within this study, further confirmation of its benefits necessitates additional larger-scale and better-designed RCTs.

A Bibliometric Analysis of the Spatial Transcriptomics Literature from 2006 to 2023.

In recent years, spatial transcriptomics (ST) research has become a popular field of study and has shown great potential in medicine. However, there are few bibliometric analyses in this field. Thus, in this study, we aimed to find and analyze the frontiers and trends of this medical research field based on the available literature. A computerized search was applied to the WoSCC (Web of Science Core Collection) Database for literature published from 2006 to 2023. Complete records of all literature and cited references were extracted and screened. The bibliometric analysis and visualization were performed using CiteSpace, VOSviewer, Bibliometrix R Package software, and Scimago Graphica. A total of 1467 papers and reviews were included. The analysis revealed that the ST publication and citation results have shown a rapid upward trend over the last 3 years. Nature Communications and Nature were the most productive and most co-cited journals, respectively. In the comprehensive global collaborative network, the United States is the country with the most organizations and publications, followed closely by China and the United Kingdom. The author Joakim Lundeberg published the most cited paper, while Patrik L. Ståhl ranked first among co-cited authors. The hot topics in ST are tissue recognition, cancer, heterogeneity, immunotherapy, differentiation, and models. ST technologies have greatly contributed to in-depth research in medical fields such as oncology and neuroscience, opening up new possibilities for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Moreover, artificial intelligence and big data drive additional development in ST fields.

TAF15 downregulation contributes to the benefits of physical training on dendritic spines and working memory in aged mice.

Moderate physical training has been shown to hinder age-related memory decline. While the benefits of physical training on hippocampal memory function are well-documented, little is known about its impact on working memory, which is linked to the prelimbic cortex (PrL), one major subdivision of the prefrontal cortex. Here, we examined the effects of physical training on spatial working memory in a well-established animal model of physical training, starting at 16 months of age and continuing for 5 months (running wheel 1 h/day and 5 days/week). This training strategy improved spatial working memory in aged mice (22-month-old), which was accompanied by an increased spine density and a lower TAF15 expression in the PrL. Specifically, physical training affected both thin and mushroom-type spines on PrL pyramidal cells, and prevented age-related loss of spines on selective segments of apical dendritic branches. Correlation analysis revealed that increased TAF15-expression was detrimental to the dendritic spines. However, physical training downregulated TAF15 expression in the PrL, preserving the dendritic spines on PrL pyramidal cells and improving working memory in trained aged mice. When TAF15 was overexpressed in the PrL via a viral approach, the benefits of physical training on the dendritic spines and working memory were abolished. These data suggest that physical training at a moderate pace might downregulate TAF15 expression in the PrL, which favors the dendritic spines on PrL pyramidal cells, thereby improving spatial working memory.

Longitudinal assessment of plasma biomarkers for early detection of cognitive changes in subjective cognitive decline.

Background: Individuals experiencing subjective cognitive decline (SCD) are at an increased risk of developing mild cognitive impairment and dementia. Early identification of SCD and neurodegenerative diseases using biomarkers may help clinical decision-making and improve prognosis. However, few cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have explored plasma biomarkers in individuals with SCD using immunomagnetic reduction. Objective: To identify plasma biomarkers for SCD. Methods: Fifty-two participants [38 with SCD, 14 healthy controls (HCs)] underwent baseline assessments, including measurements of plasma Aß42, Aß40, t-tau, p-tau, and α-synuclein using immunomagnetic reduction (IMR) assays, cognitive tests and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Following initial cross-sectional analysis, 39 individuals (29 with SCD, 10 HCs) entered a longitudinal phase for reassessment of these biomarkers and the MMSE. Biomarker outcomes across different individual categories were primarily assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The SCD subgroup with an MMSE decline over one point was compared to those without such a decline. Results: Higher baseline plasma Aß1-42 levels significantly discriminated participants with SCD from HCs, with an acceptable area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 67.5% [95% confidence interval (CI), 52.7-80.0%]. However, follow-up and changes in MMSE and IMR data did not significantly differ between the SCD and HC groups (p > 0.05). Furthermore, lower baseline plasma Aß1-42 levels were able to discriminate SCD subgroups with and without cognitive decline with a satisfied performance (AUC, 75.0%; 95% CI, 55.6-89.1%). At last, the changes in t-tau and Aß42 × t-tau could differentiate between the two SCD subgroups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Baseline plasma Aß42 may help identify people with SCD and predict SCD progression. The role of plasma Aß42 levels as well as their upward trends from baseline in cases of SCD that progress to mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease require further investigation.

Experimental Study on Vacuum Distillation Separation Characteristics of Tar Containing Solid Particles: Distributions of Light Components.

The impacts of the composition and properties of tar products on their utilization are of great importance, while the consequences of varying tar separation conditions on distillation fractions remain underexplored. Solid impurities in special tar products (e.g., subsurface in situ pyrolysis-derived tar-like substances) can contribute to the separation as well. In the present study, low-temperature coal tar (LTCT) was used as an analogue to pyrolysis product, mixed with semi-coke and coal dust, representing pyrolytic byproducts and nonpyrolytic substances, respectively. The LTCT mixtures were tested with vacuum distillation at various pressures and temperatures. The results revealed the role of pressure in fraction distribution across temperatures, with higher pressure concentrating fractions at lower temperatures. The impact of solid impurities on distillation primarily stemmed from adsorption. Minimal concentrations of solid impurities carried coal dust/semi-coke into the distillation, but higher levels retained them in the residue. The adsorption of coal dust was quite high at lower temperatures and waned as temperature increased, unlike semi-coke, which had consistent adsorption throughout the distillation. The present study can advance the understanding of vacuum distillation for tar products in the presence of solid impurities, offering a framework for the effective distillation/utilization of coal tar. By probing separation conditions, tar properties, and solid impurity effects, the present research will refine strategies for optimizing coal tar use, crucial for enhancing energy security and sustainable progress in China.

Gabapentinoids for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) affects patients' quality of life and treatment effectiveness. Gabapentinoids, like gabapentin and pregabalin, are often used for CIPN treatment, but their efficacy and safety remain uncertain. This study reviews and analyses randomised controlled trial data on this topic. MATERIALS/METHODS: We searched PubMed, Embase and Cochrane CENTRAL until 29 August 2022 for studies on gabapentinoid use in CIPN. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan V.5.4 and the Metafor package in R. Outcomes included pain scores, quality of life and adverse drug events. RESULTS: For the prevention setting, our meta-analysis shows that pregabalin did not significantly improve average pain (standardised mean difference (SMD) -0.14, 95% CI -0.51 to 0.23; I2=26% (95% CI 0% to >98%)) or quality of life (mean difference (MD) 2.5, 95% CI -4.67 to 9.67; p=0.49) in preventing CIPN compared with placebo. However, it showed a potential trend towards reducing the worst pain (SMD -0.28, 95% CI -0.57 to 0.01; I2=0% (95% CI 0% to 98%; p=0.06)). For the treatment setting, some studies have shown a potential therapeutic effect of gabapentinoids. However, the results are not consistent between studies. Given the studies' heterogeneity, a meta-analysis in treatment setting was not performed. CONCLUSION: There is limited evidence to support the use of gabapentinoids in CIPN. In prevention setting, gabapentinoids do not significantly prevent CIPN. In treatment setting, studies have been inconsistent in their conclusions, lacking definitive benefits over placebo. More comprehensive and higher quality research is needed in the future. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42022361193.

The value of urinary exosomal microRNA-21 in the early diagnosis and prognosis of bladder cancer.

Bladder cancer (BC) poses high morbidity and mortality, with urinary exosomal microRNA (miR)-21 showing potential value in its diagnosis and prognosis, and we probed its specific role. We prospectively selected 116 BC patients and 116 healthy volunteers as the BC and control groups, respectively. BC urinary exosomal miR-146a-5p, miR-93-5p, miR-663b, miR-21, and miR-4454 relative expression levels were assessed. The correlations between clinical indexes and urinary exosomal miR-21, prognostic value of miR-21, and diagnostic value of the five candidate miRNAs, urine cytology, and miRNA joint diagnostic panel for BC and urinary exosomal miR-21, miR-4454, and urine cytology for Ta-T1 and T2-T4 stage BC were analyzed. Urinary exosomal miR-146a-5p, miR-93-5p, miR-663b, miR-21, and miR-4454 were highly expressed in BC patients. miR-146a-5p, miR-93-5p, miR-663b, miR-21, miR-4454, miRNA combined diagnostic panel, and urine cytology had certain diagnostic value for BC, with miR-21, miR-4454, and miRNA co-diagnostic panel showing the highest diagnostic value. Collectively, urinary exosomal miR-21 was closely related to Tumor-Node-Metastasis staging and grading in BC patients. Urinary exosomal miR-21 had high diagnostic value for BC and Ta-T1 and T2-T4 stage BC, and had high predictive value for BC poor prognosis, providing an effective indicator for the occurrence, development, and prognostic assessment of BC.

Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) blockade mitigates osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) related bone disease.

BACKGROUND: The current treatment of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is imperfect. Our study thus delves into the potential of using Dickkopf-1 antisense (DKK1-AS) to treat OI. METHODS: We analysed serum DKK1 levels and their correlation with lumbar spine and hip T-scores in OI patients. Comparative analyses were conducted involving bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and bone tissues from wild-type mice, untreated OI mice, and OI mice treated with DKK1-ASor DKK1-sense (DKK1-S). RESULTS: Significant inverse correlations were noted between serum DKK1 levels and lumbar spine (correlation coefficient = - 0.679, p = 0.043) as well as hip T-scores (correlation coefficient = - 0.689, p = 0.042) in OI patients. DKK1-AS improved bone mineral density (p = 0.002), trabecular bone volume/total volume fraction (p < 0.001), trabecular separation (p = 0.010), trabecular thickness (p = 0.001), trabecular number (p < 0.001), and cortical thickness (p < 0.001) in OI mice. DKK1-AS enhanced the transcription of collagen 1α1, osteocalcin, runx2, and osterix in BMSC from OI mice (all p < 0.001), resulting in a higher von Kossa-stained matrix area (p < 0.001) in ex vivo osteogenesis assays. DKK1-AS also reduced osteoclast numbers (p < 0.001), increased ß-catenin and T-cell factor 4 immunostaining reactivity (both p < 0.001), enhanced mineral apposition rate and bone formation rate per bone surface (both p < 0.001), and decreased osteoclast area (p < 0.001) in OI mice. DKK1-AS upregulated osteoprotegerin and downregulated nuclear factor-kappa B ligand transcription (both p < 0.001). Bone tissues from OI mice treated with DKK1-AS exhibited significantly higher breaking force compared to untreated OI mice (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our study elucidates that DKK1-AS has the capability to enhance bone mechanical properties, restore the transcription of osteogenic genes, promote osteogenesis, and inhibit osteoclastogenesis in OI mice.

Hyperbaric Lidocaine Aggravates Diabetic Neuropathic Pain by Targeting p38 MAPK/ERK and PINK1/Parkin-Mediated Mitophagy Signaling Pathway.

BACKGROUND: Diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) is a complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). Hyperbaric lidocaine (HL), a local anesthetics drug, has neurotoxicity. The present study aims to study the effect and molecular mechanisms of HL on spinal nerve injury in DNP. METHODS: The DNP rat model was established through a high-fat-glucose diet in combination with Streptozotocin (STZ) administration. SB203580 and PD98059 were utilized to inhibit p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) and the thermal paw withdrawal latency (PWL) were tested to evaluate rats' mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick-end Labeling (TUNEL) staining were performed to evaluate the pathological changes and neuron apoptosis in spinal cord tissues of L4-5. Western blotting analysis and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay were used to measure the levels of proteins and mRNAs, respectively. RESULTS: PWT and PWL were decreased in DNP rats with serious spinal nerve injury. HL administration downregulated the PWT and PWL and aggravated spinal nerve injury in DNP rats, but isobaric lidocaine had no effects on these changes. Meanwhile, p38 MAPK/ERK signaling and PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1)-mediated mitophagy were activated in DNP, which was enhanced by HL but not isobaric lidocaine. Blocking p38 MAPK/ERK signaling could effectively attenuate HL-induced spinal nerve injury and inhibit mitophagy. CONCLUSION: In summary, HL can aggravate spinal cord tissue damage in DNP rats by inducing PINK1-mediated mitophagy via activating p38 MAPK/ERK signaling. Our data provide a novel insight that supports the potential role of p38 MAPK/ERK signaling in acting as a therapeutic target for HL-induced neurotoxicity.

Mucus Impaction Related to Postoperative Anastomosis Site Obstruction: A Rare Case.

Anastomotic stricture has an incidence rate of 6-10% and typically manifests three to six months after colorectal surgery. Immediate postoperative stricture is exceedingly rare and underreported in the literature. The possible etiology includes poor circulation, leakage, local inflammation, or infection. We report a rare case of a patient with total obstruction by mucus on the anastomosis site on postoperation day two. We used a sigmoidoscope to remove mucus material, following which the patient recovered well.

Stereoscopic Polymer Network for Developing Mechanically Robust Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells with an Efficiency Approaching 25.

Flexible perovskite solar cells (pero-SCs) have the potential to overturn the application scenario of silicon photovoltaic technology. However, their mechanical instability severely impedes their practical applicability, and the corresponding intrinsic degradation mechanism remains unclear. In this study, the degradation behavior of flexible pero-SCs is systematically analyzed under mechanical stress and it is observed that the structural failure first occurs in the polycrystal perovskite film, then extend to interfaces. To suppress the structural failure, pentaerythritol triacrylate, a crosslinked molecule with three stereoscopic crosslink sites, is employed to establish a 3D polymer network in both the interface and bulk perovskite. This network reduced the Young's modulus of the perovskite and simultaneously enhanced the interfacial toughness. As a result, the formation of cracks and delamination, which occur under a high mechanical stress, is significantly suppressed in the flexible pero-SC, which consequently retained 92% of its initial power conversion efficiency (PCE) after 20 000 bending cycles. Notably, the flexible device also shows a record PCE of 24.9% (certified 24.48%).

Signatures of Adaptation and Purifying Selection in Highland Populations of Dasiphora fruticosa.

High mountains harbor a considerable proportion of biodiversity, but we know little about how diverse plants adapt to the harsh environment. Here we finished a high-quality genome assembly for Dasiphora fruticosa, an ecologically important plant distributed in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and lowland of the Northern Hemisphere, and resequenced 592 natural individuals to address how this horticulture plant adapts to highland. Demographic analysis revealed D. fruticosa underwent a bottleneck after Naynayxungla Glaciation. Selective sweep analysis of two pairs of lowland and highland populations identified 63 shared genes related to cell wall organization or biogenesis, cellular component organization, and dwarfism, suggesting parallel adaptation to highland habitats. Most importantly, we found that stronger purging of estimated genetic load due to inbreeding in highland populations apparently contributed to their adaptation to the highest mountain. Our results revealed how plants could tolerate the extreme plateau, which could provide potential insights for species conservation and crop breeding.

Oncogenic functions and therapeutic potentials of targeted inhibition of SMARCAL1 in small cell lung cancer.

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a recalcitrant cancer characterized by high frequency loss-of-function mutations in tumor suppressors with a lack of targeted therapy due to absence of high frequency gain-of-function abnormalities in oncogenes. SMARCAL1 is a member of the ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling protein SNF2 family that plays critical roles in DNA damage repair and genome stability maintenance. Here, we showed that SMARCAL1 was overexpressed in SCLC patient samples and was inversely associated with overall survival of the patients. SMARCAL1 was required for SCLC cell proliferation and genome integrity. Mass spectrometry revealed that PAR6B was a downstream SMARCAL1 signal molecule which rescued inhibitory effects caused by silencing of SMARCAL1. By screening of 36 FDA-approved clinically available agents related to DNA damage repair, we found that an aza-anthracenedione, pixantrone, was a potent SMARCAL1 inhibitor which suppressed the expression of SMARCAL1 and PAR6B at protein level. Pixantrone caused DNA damage and exhibited inhibitory effects on SCLC cells in vitro and in a patient-derived xenograft mouse model. These results indicated that SMARCAL1 functions as an oncogene in SCLC, and pixantrone as a SMARCAL1 inhibitor bears therapeutic potentials in this deadly disease.

Injection therapy for carpal tunnel syndrome: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Various injectants are available for the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome. This systematic review and network meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of different injection therapies in alleviating the symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome. Various databases were searched for relevant studies from inception until May 10, 2023. Eligible studies were identified using the patient (P), intervention (I), comparison (C), and outcomes (O) model, which involved (P) participants with carpal tunnel syndrome, (I) an intervention based on injection therapy, (C) the use of placebo or another injectant as a control treatment, and (O) the measurement of clinical and electrodiagnostic outcomes of interest. A total of 18 studies were included in the analysis. The network meta-analysis revealed that platelet-rich plasma is effective in the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome in terms of symptom and pain relief and functional improvement in both the short and long term, whereas steroids are effective only in the short term. Additionally, injections of dextrose solution may offer long-term pain relief as well as short- and long-term symptom alleviation and functional improvement. The study findings suggest that platelet-rich plasma should be used as the first-line treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome, with dextrose and steroids serving as alternative treatment options.

Construction of phase-separated Co/MnO synergistic catalysts and integration onto sponge for rapid removal of multiple contaminants.

Wastewater treatment recycling is critical to ensure safe water supply or to overcome water shortage. Herein, we developed metallic Co integration onto MnO nanorods (MON) resulting in a phase-separated synergetic catalyst by creating more Mn(III) via the Jahn-Teller effect and oxygen vacancies and improving the redox capability of Co nanoparticles mediated by a thin carbon layer. Additionally, the N-doped surface carbon network on MON contributes to polar sites, facilitating the enrichment of contaminants around reactive sites, thereby shortening the migration of reactive oxidative species (ROS) toward contaminants. The optimized MnO@Co/C-600 exhibits superior PMS activation efficiency for bisphenol A degradation (0.463 min-1), displaying nearly a 20-fold enhancement in the rate constant compared to Mn3O4/C-600. Subsequent experiments involving variable modulation and extension were conducted to further elucidate the multiple synergistic effects. The mechanism study further confirms the synergy of ˙SO4-, ˙OH, ˙O2-, and 1O2, along with additional electron transfer pathways. The intermediates generated during degradation pathways and their toxicity to aquatic organisms were identified. Notably, a monolith integrated catalyst was explored by anchoring MnO@Co/C-600 onto a tailored melamine sponge based on Ca ion triggered crosslink tactic for the photothermal degradation of bisphenol A, tetracycline and norfloxacin, endowed with easy recovery and good stability. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the total organic carbon removal of multiple contaminants surpassed that of sole contaminants.

DNA-modified Prussian blue nanozymes for enhanced electrochemical biosensing.

Prussian blue nanoparticles exhibit the potential to be employed in bioanalytical applications due to their robust stability, peroxidase-like catalytic functionality, straightforward synthesis, and biocompatibility. An efficient approach is presented for the synthesis of nucleic acid-modified Prussian blue nanoparticles (DNA-PBNPs), utilizing nanoparticle porosity to adsorb nucleic acids (polyT). This strategic adsorption leads to the exposure of nucleic acid sequences on the particle surface while retaining catalytic activity. DNA-PBNPs further couple with functional nucleic acid sequences and aptamers through complementary base pairing to act as transducers in biosensors and amplify signal acquisition. Subsequently, we integrated a copper ion-dependent DNAzyme (Cu2+-DNAzyme) and a vascular endothelial growth factor aptamer (VEGF aptamer) onto screen-printed electrodes to serve as recognition elements for analytes. Significantly, our approach leverages DNA-PBNPs as a superior alternative to traditional enzyme-linked antibodies in electrochemical biosensors, thereby enhancing both the efficiency and adaptability of these devices. Our study conclusively demonstrates the application of DNA-PBNPs in two different biosensing paradigms: the sensitive detection of copper ions and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). These results indicate the promising potential of DNA-modified Prussian blue nanoparticles in advancing bioanalytical sensing technologies.

Low-valent-tungsten catalysis enables hydroboration of esters and nitriles.

In the research presented herein, low-valent-tungsten-catalyzed hydroboration of esters and nitriles was investigated. Aromatic and aliphatic substrates were smoothly reduced to corresponding alcohol derivatives and N,N-diborylamines in the presence of W(CO)4(NCMe)2. Valuable derivatives were conveniently accessed by introducing a further functionalization process to crude hydroboration mixtures in one pot.

[Two kinds of percutaneous endoscopic lumbar decompression in the treatment of single level lumbar lateral recess stenosis].

OBJECTIVE: To prospectively compare the clinical efficacy and radiographic outcomes between interlaminar percutaneous endoscopic lumbar decompression(IL-PELD) and transforaminar percutaneous endoscopic lumbar decompression(TF-PELD) in the treatment of single-segment lumbar lateral recess stenosis. METHODS: From April 2018 to July 2021, 85 patients with single-segment lumbar lateral recess stenosis underment percutaneous endoscopic lumbar decompression.There were 44 males and 41 females, aged from 49 to 81 years old with an average of (65.5±8.3) years old, duration of lumbar lateral recess stenosis ranging from 3 to 83 months with an average of (26.7±16.5) months. They were divided into IL-PELD group and TF-PELD group according to the different operation methods. There were 47 patients in the IL-PELD group, including 28 males and 19 females aged from 50 to 80 yeaes old with an average age was (66.7±9.3) years old. The disease duration ranged from 3 to 65 months with an average of (25.7±15.0) months. There were 38 patients in the TF-PELD group, including 16 males and 22 females, aged from 51 to 78 years old with an average of(64.1±7.6) years old. The disease duration ranged from 4 to 73 months with an average of (27.9±18.3) months The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative fluoroscopy, hospitalization day and complications of the two groups were recorded. Visual analogue scale (VAS) to evaluate low back pain and lower limb pain, Oswestry disability index(ODI) to evaluate lumbar function in preoperative and postoperative period(1month, 6 months and last follow-up)were recorded. the sagittal diameter of the lateral recess of the responsible intervertebral space in preoperative and 1 week after the operation were recorded. RESULTS: The operation was successfully completed in both groups without serious complications such as vascular injury, dural sac tear and nerve injury. The operation time in IL-PED group(69.3±19.3)min was significantly longer than that in TF-PELD group(57.5±14.5)min (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the intraoperative blood loss between the two groups (P>0.05). The number of intraoperative fluoroscopy in TF-PELD group (8.8±2.6)times was significantly higher than that in IL-PED group(4.8±1.2)times (P<0.05). The hospitalization days of the two groups were not statistically significant (P>0.05). VAS for low back and lower extremity pain and ODI were (5.1±2.2), (6.9±1.3) scores and (71.4±12.6) % in IL-PELD group, and (4.7±1.8), (6.9±1.3) scores and (68.4±13.9)% in TF-PELD group. In the IL-PELD group, the VAS of low back pain was (2.4±1.5), (1.6±0.8), (1.4±0.9) scores, and the VAS of lower extremity pain was (3.0±1.2), (1.6±0.7), (1.5±1.0) scores, ODI was (32.6±11.9) %, (17.4±6.5) %, (19.3±9.3)%;In TF-PELD group, the VAS of low back pain was (2.6±1.4), (1.5±0.6), (1.4±1.0) scores, and the VAS of lower extremity pain was (2.8±1.2), (1.6±0.6), (1.5±1.2) scores, The ODI was (32.0±11.2) %, (15.0±6.1) %, and (20.0±11.3) %. The VAS and ODI of the two groups at each time point after operation were significantly improved compared with those before operation (P<0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference between the groups (P>0.05), and there was no statistically significant difference in the interaction between different time points and groups (P>0.05). At 1 week after operation, the sagittal diameter of lateral recess in both groups was significantly increased compared with that before operation (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two groups at each time point (P>0.05). According to the modified Macnab criteria, IL-PELD group was rated as excellent in 24 cases, good in 19 cases and fair in 4 cases. In TF-PELD group the results were excellent in 19 cases, good in 15 cases, fair in 3 cases and poor in 1 case. There was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: IL-PELD and TF-PELD can expand the lateral recess in the treatment of single level lumbar lateral recess stenosis, and have achieved good clinical effects.