Systematic review of factors influencing sunburn from population-based studies / 环境与职业医学

Sunburn is an acute phototoxic reaction caused by excessive exposure of skin to solar ultravilet (UV) or artificial UV light sources. Studies show that sunburn is common in the general population, so that associated financial burden cannot be ignored. Meanwhile, sunburn at any age increases the risk of melanoma. Only by clarifying the influencing factors of sunburn can precise preventive measures be formulated. Although many studies have been conducted on the influencing factors of sunburn worldwide, there are great heterogeneity in reported influencing factors. In this paper, by means of systematic review, factors affecting sunburn were sorted out and summarized from four aspects, including demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, photosensitive phenotypes, UV-related environmental factors, and sun protection knowledge, attitude & behavior. Combined with population characteristics and data availability in China, our review provided reference for subsequent research and development of precise prevention and control strategies.

Protective effect of exogenous H2S on oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation-induced cell injury of SH-SY5Y cells / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

【Objective】 To explore the protective effects of exogenous hydrogen sulfide （H2S） on oxygen glucose deprivation and re-oxygenation （OGD/R）-induced SH-SY5Y cell injury. 【Methods】 OGD/R model was established in SH-SY5Y cells. Based on interferences， SH-SY5Y cells were divided into control group （no interference）， OGD/R model group， and treatment groups （OGD/R model treated with different concentrations of NaHS （H2S donor）. The cells were cultured in low glucose medium without fetal bovine serum under 37 ℃， 93% N2 and hypoxia （2% O2） for 12 h， then in complete medium under normoxia （5% O2 ） for 24 h. CCK-8 was used to detect cell viability， and flow cytometry was used for assaying the level of cellular apoptosis. Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins including glucose regulatory protein 78 （GRP78）， CCAAT/enhancer-binding homologous protein （CHOP）， NF-κB P65 and COX-2. 【Results】 The cell viability was lower in OGD/R model group than in the control group （P<0.05）. NaHS treatment at a concentration of 0-0.5 mmol/L increased cell viability in OGD/R model group in a dose-dependent manner （P<0.05）. In contrast， NaHS （C>0.5 mmol/L） decreased cell viability of OGD/R （P<0.05）. The apoptosis level of early stage in OGD/R model group was significantly higher than that in control group （P<0.05）. NaHS treatment at concentrations of 0.2 and 0.4 mmol/L lowered the apoptosis level of early stage in OGD/R model group （P<0.05）. Western blot showed that the protein expression levels of GRP78， CHOP， NF-κB p65， and COX-2 were significantly higher in OGD/R model group than those in control group （P<0.05）. When compared with OGD/R model group， the expression levels of GRP78， CHOP， NF-κBp65 and COX-2 were decreased by NaHS at concentrations of 0.2， 0.4 and 4 mmol/L （P<0.05）， but there was no statistically significant difference among the treatment groups （P>0.05）. 【Conclusion】 NaHS can rescue cell viability of OGD/R-induced cell injury. It may be achieved by inhibiting the activation of NF-κBp65 and COX-2 proteins induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress to reduce the level of cell apoptosis.

A DEAD-box RNA helicase TCD33 that confers chloroplast development in rice at seedling stage under cold stress.

Cold stress is one of the most common unfavorable environmental factors affecting the growth, development, and survival of plants. The DEAD-box RNA helicases play important roles in all types of processes of RNA metabolism. However, the function of DEAD-box RNA helicase under cold stress is poorly explored in plants, especially in rice. This study reported the identification of a novel rice thermo-sensitive chlorophyll-deficient mutant, tcd33, which displayed an albino phenotype before the four-leaf stage, then withered and eventually died at 20 °C, while wild-type plants exhibited normal green coloration at 32 °C. The tcd33 seedlings also exhibited less chlorophyll contents and severe defects of chloroplast structure under 20 °C condition. Map-based cloning and complementation experiments suggested that TCD33 encodes a chloroplast-located DEAD-box RNA helicase protein. The transcript expression level of TCD33 indicated that the genes related to chlorophyll (Chl) biosynthesis, photosynthesis, and chloroplast development in tcd33 mutants were down-regulated at 20 °C, while the down-regulated genes were nearly recovered to or slightly higher than the WT level at 32 °C. Together, our results suggest that the cold-inducible TCD33 is essential for early chloroplast development and is important for cold-responsive gene regulation and cold tolerance in rice.

Video essentials of video-assisted thoracoscopic esophageal replacement with transverse colon / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#（正）结肠代食管术（esophageal replacement with colon，ERC）被称作食管外科“皇冠上的明珠”，也是食管重建的最后一种选择。ERC 手术操作复杂，吻合口瘘等并发症发生率较高，一直没有得到广泛开展[1]。传统 ERC 手术常选择经右侧胸腹联合切口，手术创伤较大、术后恢复慢、术后肋间神经损伤等并发症较多，但随着胸腔镜微创技术的日益发展，我们使用胸腔镜微创技术游离胸腔食管并清扫纵隔淋巴结，开腹横结肠代食管行消化道重建，该技术可减少手术创伤、减轻术后疼痛，加速康复。本视频在于展示胸腔镜辅助食管癌根治横结肠代食管术手术入路、操作技巧。

Effect of Hypoxia on the Muscle Fiber Switching Signal Pathways CnA/NFATc1 and Myostatin in Mouse Myocytes.

This study investigated the effects of a CoCl2-simulated hypoxic environment on the muscle fiber switching signaling pathways calcineurin A/nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 1 (CnA/NFATc1) and myostatin. In this study, C2C12 muscle cells were cultured in vitro under CoCl2-simulated chemical hypoxic conditions, the expression levels of CnA and myostatin were detected through qRT-PCR and Western blot analyses, and a positioning study of NFATc1 was carried out by immunofluorescence labeling. Results showed that CoCl2 treatment significantly increased the expression levels of CnA and myostatin. Moreover, the position of NFATc1 expression changed; actually, its expression in the nucleus considerably increased. Furthermore, CoCl2-induced hypoxia inhibited the differentiation of C2C12 cells and reduced the expression levels of many slow- and fast-twitch muscles marker genes, but immunofluorescence staining results showed that the proportion of MyHC I type muscle fiber increased after CoCl2 treatment. The hypoxic environment simulated by CoCl2 can activate the signaling pathways CnA/NFATc1 and myostatin and increases the proportion of MyHC I type muscle fibers.

Effects of the Compatibility of Gushuling Granules on the Icariin Content / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of the compatibility of medicinal materials on the content of icariin in Gushuling granules formula. METHODS:The effects of the compatibility of medicinal materials on the content of icariin was investigated by orthogonal design with the compatibility of Astragalus membranaceus,Achyranthes bidentata and Concha ostreae as factors,using the content of icariin in decoction as index. The pH of mixture of Epimedium brevicornu and A. membranaceus,and the content of icariin in precipitation were determined. RESULTS:The effects of the compatibility of A. membranaceus on the content of icariin had statistical significance (P0.05);the interactions between two medicinal materials had not been found;the pH of the mixtures had no significant difference;the com-patibility of E. brevicornu and A. membranaceus produced precipitation,and the content of icariin in precipitation increased. CON-CLUSIONS:The compatibility of E. brevicornu and A. membranaceus can produce precipitation,so as to decrease the content of icariin in decoction,which is not influenced by pH value of decoction.

Effects of exogenous H2S on H2S concentration and cystathionine β-synthase expression in hippocampus in a rat model of vascular dementia / 国际脑血管病杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of exogenous hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) on H2 S concentration and cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) expression in hippocampus in a rat model of vascular dementia (VaD). Methods A rat model of VaD was induced by using the modified four -vessel occlusion. The rats were divided into sham operation, model, low -dose and high-dose NaHS groups using the random number table method. They were further redivided into one day, seven -day, and 30-day subgroups according to the time after modeling. After modeling respectively, NaHS 30 μmol/kg and 100 μmol/kg were injected intraperitoneally every day in the low -dose and high-dose NaHS groups. The normal saline was injected intraperitoneally every day in the sham operation group and the VaD model group. Morris water maze test was used to evaluate the learning and memory ability of the rats. The expression of CBS in hippocampus was detected by real-time fluorescent polymerase chain reaction. Western Blotting was used to detect expression of CBS protein in hippocampus. Results Morris water maze test showed that the escape latencies of the model group, low -dose and high-dose NaHS groups were prolonged significantly compared with the sham operation group (P <0.05); the times of crossing the platform were decreased significantly compared with the model group (P <0.05); and the escape latencies were shortened significantly in the low -dose and high-dose NaHS groups compared with the model group ( P <0.05). The H2 S content in hippocampus was decreased significantly in the model group, low -dose and high-dose NaHS groups compared with the sham operation group, but the low -dose and high-dose NaHS group was significantly higher than that in the model group (all P <0.05). The expression of CBS mRNA and protein in the model, low -dose and high-dose NaHS groups was significantly lower than that of the sham operation group (all P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference between the low -dose and high-dose NaHS groups and the model group. Conclusions Exogenous H2 S may improve the learning and memory ability of the VaD rats. It may be associated with the increased H2 S content in hippocampus. However, it has no effect on CBS expression.