ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to observe the regularity of blood glucose changes in hemodialysis patients with diabetes, time of onset of hypoglycemia and blood glucose level during dialysis, and to explore the sensitive early warning indicators of hypoglycemia in dialysis patients. BACKGROUND: Diabetes patients have a high incidence of hypoglycemia during hemodialysis. METHODS: A total of 124 maintenance hemodialysis patients with diabetes were selected for this study. Before dialysis, one, two, and three h after dialysis, and when hypoglycemia symptoms occurred, the blood glucose changes were monitored, the blood glucose drop range was observed when hypoglycemia symptoms occurred, and the correlation between the two was analyzed. RESULTS: After the start of the dialysis, the patient's blood glucose showed a downward trend. The symptoms of hypoglycemia were most obvious within one-two hours, with an incidence rate of 57.9%. When the blood glucose drop percentage reached 37.7%, the specificity and sensitivity of early warning hypoglycemia symptoms were 84.6 and 73%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: For hemodialysis patients with diabetes, attention should be paid to the symptoms of hypoglycemia during dialysis, and blood glucose should be monitored before dialysis and after 1-2 h of dialysis. If the blood glucose drop percentage is greater than 37.7%, the timely measures should be taken.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus , Hypoglycemia , Blood Glucose , Humans , Hypoglycemia/diagnosis , Hypoglycemia/etiology , Incidence , Renal Dialysis/adverse effectsABSTRACT
SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to observe the regularity of blood glucose changes in hemodialysis patients with diabetes, time of onset of hypoglycemia and blood glucose level during dialysis, and to explore the sensitive early warning indicators of hypoglycemia in dialysis patients. BACKGROUND: Diabetes patients have a high incidence of hypoglycemia during hemodialysis. METHODS: A total of 124 maintenance hemodialysis patients with diabetes were selected for this study. Before dialysis, one, two, and three h after dialysis, and when hypoglycemia symptoms occurred, the blood glucose changes were monitored, the blood glucose drop range was observed when hypoglycemia symptoms occurred, and the correlation between the two was analyzed. RESULTS: After the start of the dialysis, the patient's blood glucose showed a downward trend. The symptoms of hypoglycemia were most obvious within one-two hours, with an incidence rate of 57.9%. When the blood glucose drop percentage reached 37.7%, the specificity and sensitivity of early warning hypoglycemia symptoms were 84.6 and 73%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: For hemodialysis patients with diabetes, attention should be paid to the symptoms of hypoglycemia during dialysis, and blood glucose should be monitored before dialysis and after 1-2 h of dialysis. If the blood glucose drop percentage is greater than 37.7%, the timely measures should be taken.
Subject(s)
Humans , Diabetes Mellitus , Hypoglycemia/diagnosis , Hypoglycemia/etiology , Blood Glucose , Incidence , Renal Dialysis/adverse effectsABSTRACT
A series of Ce3+ ,Mn2+ -coactivated Ca3 YNa(PO4 )3 F phosphors were synthesized via a traditional solid-state reaction under a reductive atmosphere. X-Ray powder diffraction was used to confirm that the crystal structure and diffraction peaks of Ce3+ /Mn2+ -doped samples matched well with the standard data. A spectral overlap between the emission band of Ce3+ and the excitation band of Mn2+ suggested the occurrence of energy transfer from Ce3+ to Mn2+ . With increasing Mn2+ content, the emission intensities and lifetime values of the Ce3+ emission for Ca3 YNa(PO4 )3 F:Ce3+ ,Mn2+ phosphors linearly decrease, whereas the energy transfer efficiencies gradually increase to 89.35%. By adjusting the relative concentrations of Ce3+ and Mn2+ , the emission hues are tuned from blue to white and eventually to yellow. These results suggest that Ca3 YNa(PO4 )3 F:Ce3+ ,Mn2+ phosphors have promising application as white-emitting phosphors for near-ultraviolet light-emitting diodes.
