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1.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM (Western Pacific) | ID: wpr-940468

ABSTRACT

Xiao Xumingtang in The Catalogue of Famous Ancient Classics (The First Batch) issued by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine is derived from the Important Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold for Emergency (Bei Ji Qian Jin Yao Fang) written by SUN Si-miao in the Tang dynasty. The present study systematically explored the origin, development, historical evolution, and clinical application of Xiao Xumingtang. As revealed by the results, Xiao Xumingtang as well as its analogues are primary prescriptions indicated for apoplexy before the Tang and Song dynasties and serve as the benchmark for the treatment of apoplexy. After the Song dynasty, due to the changes in the understanding of the pathogenesis of apoplexy and the limitations of the understanding of Xiao Xumingtang, its clinical application to apoplexy gradually decreased. In modern times, it has been re-recognized and applied, during which its clinical applications have undergone great changes. Its clinical applications are extensive, involving a variety of diseases related to the brain and nervous systems, such as stroke and its sequelae, peripheral facial paralysis, rheumatoid arthritis, hypertension, and other diseases related to the motor nervous system. Its primary indications are stroke and its sequelae, followed by peripheral facial paralysis. Other new indications are gradually found. This study is expected to provide references for the clinical application of Xiao Xumingtang and the transformation of new drugs.

2.
Mol Cell Biochem ; 399(1-2): 49-58, 2015 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25381636

ABSTRACT

The ability of nicotine to induce aortic aneurysms has been shown in animal models; however, its underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In the present experiment, both the RAW264.7 and MOVAS cell lines were employed to examine the nicotine-induced modulation of VCAM-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 expressions in macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells. Our results showed that nicotine concentrations of both 0.5 and 5 ng/ml induced VCAM-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 upregulation, while a concentration of 50 ng/ml had a slight inhibitory effect and a concentration of 500 ng/ml showed a significant inhibitory effect. When cells were pretreated with either SP600125 (JNK inhibitor) or PNU-282987 (α7-nAChR agonist) prior to nicotine exposure, the nicotine-induced upregulation of VCAM-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, and p-JNK was suppressed, with a joint treatment producing a more significant inhibitory effect. Moreover, PNU-282987 had a comparable inhibitory effect on VCAM-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 expressions and JNK activation via phosphorylation as did SP600125. In conclusion, nicotine-induced VCAM-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 expressions occur in a dose-dependent fashion in both of the cell lines tested. Furthermore, the nicotine exposure equivalent to plasma levels found in regular smokers can augment VCAM-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 expressions through the α7-nAChR-JNK pathway.


Subject(s)
Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/metabolism , Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism , Nicotine/pharmacology , Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism , alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor/metabolism , Animals , Anthracenes/pharmacology , Aortic Aneurysm/enzymology , Aortic Aneurysm/etiology , Benzamides/pharmacology , Bridged Bicyclo Compounds/pharmacology , Cell Line , MAP Kinase Signaling System , Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/genetics , Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/genetics , Mice , Smoking/adverse effects , Transcriptional Activation , Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/genetics
3.
Mol Cell Biochem ; 366(1-2): 355-62, 2012 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22527942

ABSTRACT

Abnormal vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation is the pathophysiological basis of cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, and restenosis after angioplasty. Angiotensin II can induce abnormal proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells, but the molecular mechanisms of this process remain unclear. Here, we explored the role and molecular mechanism of monocyte chemotactic protein-1, which mediated angiotensin II-induced proliferation of rat aortic smooth muscle cells. 1,000 nM angiotensin II could stimulate rat aortic smooth muscle cells' proliferation by angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT(1)R). Simultaneously, angiotensin II increased monocyte chemotactic protein-1 expression and secretion in a dose-and time-dependent manner through activation of its receptor AT(1)R. Then, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 contributed to angiotensin II-induced cells proliferation by CCR2. Furthermore, we found that intracellular ERK and JNK signaling molecules were implicated in angiotensin II-stimulated monocyte chemotactic protein-1 expression and proliferation mediated by monocyte chemotactic protein-1. These results contribute to a better understanding effect on angiotensin II-induced proliferation of rat smooth muscle cells.


Subject(s)
Angiotensin II/physiology , Cell Proliferation , Chemokine CCL2/metabolism , MAP Kinase Signaling System , Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology , Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/physiology , Animals , Anthracenes/pharmacology , Aorta, Thoracic/cytology , Benzoxazines/pharmacology , Butadienes/pharmacology , Cells, Cultured , Chemokine CCL2/genetics , Male , Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors , Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism , Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism , Nitriles/pharmacology , Piperidines/pharmacology , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/metabolism , Receptors, CCR2/antagonists & inhibitors
4.
Journal of Experimental Hematology ; (6): 1032-1036, 2007.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM (Western Pacific) | ID: wpr-318795

ABSTRACT

The existence of leukemia aberrant immunophenotypes (LAIP) has been suggested to be a valuable tool for the detection of minimal residual disease (MRD), as they could distinguish leukemic cells from normal hematopoietic progenitors. This study was purposed to analyze the characteristics of LAIP in acute leukemia and further explore the proportion of different types of LAIP in acute leukemia patients. Flow cytometry (FCM) with four color and CD45/SSC gating were used to detect the antigen expression in samples of bone marrow from 126 patients with acute leukemia. The results showed that definite LAIP could be detected in about 76% patients. The LAIP could be divided into four groups as cross-lineage antigen expression, asynchronous antigen expression, antigen overexpression and antigen lack expression. The percentages of these LAIPs were 39%, 46%, 21% and 29% respectively. About 11% out of analyzed cases showed the existence of only one aberrant phenotype while two or more of aberrant phenotypes could be detected in majority cases. It is concluded that the LAIP with four subgroups can be detected in the majority of patients with acute leukemia and immunophenotyping based on LAIP is applicable for the detection of MRD.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Acute Disease , Antibodies, Monoclonal , Flow Cytometry , Immunophenotyping , Leukemia , Diagnosis , Allergy and Immunology , Leukocyte Common Antigens , Neoplasm, Residual , Diagnosis
5.
Neuroscience Bulletin ; (6): 53-57, 2007.
Article in English | WPRIM (Western Pacific) | ID: wpr-300998

ABSTRACT

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To approach the associated mechanism by which alpha-synuclein (alpha-Syn) might regulate the metabolism of dopamine.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A DNA fragment, located at -495 to +25 of the human tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene, was amplified by PCR and inserted into the pGL(3)-Basic luciferase reporter vector. The recombinant plasmid pGL(3)-THprom was transfected into a dopaminergic cell line MES23.5 or a alpha-Syn over-expressed MES23.5 (named MES23.5/halpha-Syn(+)). The promoter activity was detected by the Dual Luciferase Assay System.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The luciferase activities in the MES23.5 cells transfected with pGL(3)-Basic, pGL(3)-THprom, and pGL(3)-Control vectors were 5.60+/-0.67, 26.80+/-4.11, and 32.90+/-4.75, respectively. On the other hand, the luciferase activity of pGL(3)-THprom in the MES23.5 (26.80+/-4.11) was significantly higher than that in the MES23.5/halpha-Syn(+) (14.40+/-0.61) (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>These results indicate that the - 495 to +25 region in the TH gene possesses promoter activity for controlling the gene expression, and that alpha-Syn may negatively regulate the metabolism of dopamine by affecting the function of TH promoter as a trans-acting factor.</p>


Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Rats , Cell Line, Tumor , Dopamine , Down-Regulation , Genetics , Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic , Genetics , Genes, Reporter , Genetics , Genetic Vectors , Genetics , Hybridomas , Luciferases , Genetics , Neurons , Metabolism , Parkinson Disease , Genetics , Metabolism , Promoter Regions, Genetic , Genetics , Regulatory Elements, Transcriptional , Genetics , Substantia Nigra , Metabolism , Transfection , Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase , Genetics , alpha-Synuclein , Genetics
6.
Neuroscience Bulletin ; (6): 29-33, 2006.
Article in English | WPRIM (Western Pacific) | ID: wpr-300973

ABSTRACT

Objective To clone the cDNA of rat alpha-Syn gene, investigate its prokaryotic expression and produce purified recombinant rat alpha-Syn protein. Methods Rat alpha-Syn cDNA was amplified from the rat brain total RNA by RT-PCR and was cloned into pGEX-4T-1, a prokaryotie expressing vector. The recombinant plasmid containing rat alpha-Syn gene was transformed into E. Coli BL21 to express a fusion protein with rat alpha-Syn protein tagged by glutathione-S-transferase (GST). The fusion protein was then cleaved by thrombin during passing through the GST-agarose 4B column to release the recombinant rat alpha-Syn protein. The recombinant rat alpha-Syn protein was further purified using Superdex S200 gel filtration.Results DNA sequencing confirmed that the cloned cDNA contained 420 base pairs encoding 140 amino acids, which was identical to the reported amino acid sequence of rat alpha-Syn. After transformation, the recombinant plasmid pGEX-raSyn expressed a soluble protein that was inducible by IPTG. The purified recombinant protein was shown to be single band on SDS-PAGE, with a molecular size of around 18000, which was identical to the reported molecular size of rat alpha-Syn.Western blot analysis demonstrated that the recombinant protein was recognized by specific antibody against alpha-Syn. Conclusion The rat alpha-Syn gene was successfully expressed in prokaryotic expression system and highly purified rat alpha-Syn recombinant protein was produced.

7.
Acta Physiologica Sinica ; (6): 263-268, 2004.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM (Western Pacific) | ID: wpr-352782

ABSTRACT

An anti-alpha-synuclein (alpha-SYN) monoclonal antibody produced in our laboratory was used to investigate the effect of repeated acute hypoxic treatments on the expression of alpha-SYN in the mouse cerebral cortex. Western blot analysis showed that the expression levels of alpha-SYN in the cortex changed accordingly upon hypoxic exposure times, as that the alpha-synuclein level significantly increased after the first hypoxic exposure and then dropped down to the background level after the fourth hypoxic exposure. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that the alpha-SYN-immunopositive substance was localized not only in the nerve endings, but also within the nuclei of some neurons. The cell density of the neurons with alpha-SYN immunopositive nuclei was increased significantly after the first hypoxic exposure but returned back to control levels after the fourth hypoxic exposure. Our results indicate that both of the alpha-SYN expression level in the brain and the number of the neurons with alpha-SYN positive nuclei are affected by the repeated acute hypoxic treatments and that this modification is hypoxic time-dependent. The mechanism and the physiological significance underlying these changes need to be further investigated.


Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Brain , Brain Ischemia , Metabolism , Cerebral Cortex , Metabolism , Ischemic Preconditioning , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Nerve Tissue Proteins , Genetics , Neurons , Metabolism , Phosphoproteins , Genetics , Random Allocation , Synucleins , alpha-Synuclein
8.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM (Western Pacific) | ID: wpr-256312

ABSTRACT

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To provide scientific methods for quality criterion by studying the chemical components of essential oil from Baeckea frutescens.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The chemical components of essential oil from B. frutescens were identified by GC-MS-DS, TLC and capillary GC. The relative contents of main components were determined by area normalization.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>More than 50 peaks were separated, and 38 components were identified, which accounted for over 94% of the total GC peaks areas of the essential oil. The methods for quality evaluation of essential oil from B. frutescens by TLC and capillary GC were established.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The chemical components of essential oil from B. frutescens collected from different habitats and collecting periods have common characteristics as well as differences. Some components, such as linalool, can be used as a standard and chromatography fingerprint to analyze the quality of essential oil from B. frutescens.</p>


Subject(s)
Bridged Bicyclo Compounds , China , Cyclohexanols , Ecosystem , Monoterpenes , Myrtaceae , Chemistry , Oils, Volatile , Chemistry , Plant Leaves , Chemistry , Plant Stems , Chemistry , Plants, Medicinal , Chemistry , Quality Control , Seasons
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