ABSTRACT
We report a novel microlens array with different curvature unit lenses (MLADC) fabricated with femtosecond laser direct writing technology. The MLADC consisted of hexagonal hyperboloid unit microlenses, which have different heights and curvatures from others. The unique optical performance of imaging and focusing capability were demonstrated. An object was imaged at different positions from the MLADC by unit lenses, as the ability of adjusting the curvature of the image plane for overall MLADC. In addition, the experiment had a good agreement with simulation results, which was based on the analysis of the finite element method. The novel MLADC will have important applications in improving the performance of optical systems, especially in field curvature correction and real-time three-dimensional imaging.
ABSTRACT
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play an important role in the good performance of the vasculature. To study the surface, intracellular structure and elasticity of VSMCs, atomic force acoustic microscope (AFAM) was used for imaging VSMCs from A7r5 rat aorta arteries. The topography images of VSMCs were obtained in contact mode and the acoustic images were obtained by AFAM in sample vibration mode. Then, the force curve measurement derived using Young's modulus of the interested areas was used for evaluating elasticity properties. The acoustic images were found in higher resolution with more information than the topography images. The force curves showed the difference in Young's modulus of the different parts of VSMC. These findings demonstrate that AFAM is useful for displaying the surface, structure and elasticity property of VSMCs clearly, with short scanning time, negligible harm or damage to cell and nanometer-level resolution.
Subject(s)
Elasticity Imaging Techniques/methods , Microscopy, Atomic Force/methods , Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology , Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/diagnostic imaging , Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiology , Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/diagnostic imaging , Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/physiology , Animals , Cells, Cultured , Elastic Modulus/physiology , RatsABSTRACT
The direct aldol-type condensation of aldehydes with ethyl diazoacetate catalyzed by the chiral complex of BINOL derivatives-Zr(O(t)Bu)(4) gave beta-hydroxy alpha-diazo carbonyl compounds with moderate enantioselectivities (53-87% ee). [reaction: see text]
