Immature Colon Carcinoma Transcript 1 Is Essential for Prostate Cancer Cell Viability and Proliferation.

Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death among men in the United States. More recently, immature colon carcinoma transcript 1 (ICT1) has been reported to be overexpressed in various kinds of cancer cells. However, the role of ICT1 in human prostate cancer has not yet been determined. The authors selected two ICT1-specific short hairpin RNA (shRNA) sequences to block its endogenous expression in human androgen-independent prostate cancer cell lines DU145 and PC-3. Decreased ICT1 expression by either specific shRNA significantly inhibited cell viability and proliferation. Moreover, compared to controls, ICT1-silenced cells were more inclined to redistribute in the G2/M phase, leading to cell cycle arrest. Flow cytometry and Annexin V-APC/7-AAD double staining confirmed that knockdown of ICT1 increased late apoptotic cells. Furthermore, they found that ICT1 knockdown restricting G2-M transition may be partly through suppression of CDK1 and Cyclin B1. Knockdown of ICT1 induced apoptosis through activation of poly ADP-ribose polymerase and caspase 3, upregulation of Bax expression, and downregulation of Bcl-2 expression in DU145 cells. In conclusion, this study highlights the crucial role of ICT1 in promoting prostate cancer cell proliferation in vitro. The depletion of ICT1 by lentivirus-mediated shRNA or small molecular inhibitor may provide a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of prostate cancer.

Positive association between circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and prostate cancer risk: new findings from an updated meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: To investigate and clarify the relationship between circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and prostate cancer risk. METHODS: We conducted the meta-analysis to better evaluate the association. Terms "25-Hydroxyvitamin D"/"vitamin D" and "prostate cancer" were used for literature search. RESULTS: We identified 21 relevant publications from databases of PubMed and MEDLINE and included 11,941 cases and 13,870 controls in the meta-analysis. Overall studies revealed a significant 17 % elevated risk of prostate cancer for individuals with higher level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (OR = 1.17, 95 % CI = 1.05-1.30, P  = 0.004), and no publication bias was found in the calculations (P  = 0.629). Subgroup analysis confirmed the association from nested case-control study group, studies from USA group and studies using serum samples group (nested case-control studies: OR = 1.17, 95 % CI = 1.08-1.27, P < 0.001; USA: OR = 1.15, 95 % CI = 1.03-1.29, P = 0.017; serum: OR = 1.20, 95 % CI = 1.01-1.42, P = 0.042); moreover, sensitivity tests also indicated significant results in studies from Europe and studies conducting with plasma samples after exclusion of some influential single study from the analysis, respectively (Europe: OR = 1.21, 95 % CI = 1.04-1.40, P = 0.014; plasma: OR = 1.13, 95 % CI = 1.00-1.27, P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our meta-analysis, for the first time, suggested significant positive relationship between high level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and increased risk of prostate cancer, reminding us that more concern should be taken into account during assessing the effect of 25-hydroxyvitamin D.

A 10-year single-center experience with surgical management of adrenal myelolipoma.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose is to report our 10-year experience with surgical management of large or symptomatic adrenal myelolipoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients receiving surgical treatment for adrenal myelolipoma between December 2001 and September 2011 in our institution were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into two groups: open surgery and laparoscopic surgery. Patient demographic data, lesion size evaluated by computed tomography scan or magnetic resonance imaging, operation time, blood loss, time of returning to diets, perioperative complications, and length of hospital stay were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: Forty patients (14 received open surgery and 26 received laparoscopic surgery) were enrolled in our study. Both procedures were successful and no patient in the retroperitoneal laparoscopic group required conversion to open surgery. The mean age of the patients was 52.7 years. The median size of the tumor was 5.0 cm. Forty-three percent of patients suffered from lumbago. There was no statistical difference in perioperative complications between the two groups (p>0.05). Retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy patients had a shorter operation time (90.66±37.97 min vs 141.82±62.78 min, p=0.017), less blood loss (150, 100-200 mL vs 450, 300-525 mL, p=0.000), earlier time of returning to diets (2, 2-3 days vs 3, 2-4.5 days, p=0.036), and a shorter hospital stay (6, 5-7 days vs 10, 8-11.25 days, p=0.000) when compared with open surgery patients. CONCLUSION: Both open and laparoscopic surgeries are efficient and safe treatments for large or symptomatic adrenal myelolipoma, and retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgery has the advantages of minimal invasion and rapid postoperative recovery.

Transrectal sonoelastography in the detection of prostate cancers: a meta-analysis.

UNLABELLED: What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? The accuracy of transrectal sonoelastography (TRSE) in the detection of prostate cancer is variable, with a sensitivity ranging from 51.1 to 91.7% and specificity ranging from 62.2 to 86.8%. This is the first meta-analysis to assess the overall accuracy of TRSE in the detection of prostate cancer. OBJECTIVE: • To assess the overall accuracy of transrectal sonoelastography (TRSE) targeted biopsy in the diagnosis of patients suspected of having prostate cancer (PCa). METHODS: • A systematic search of electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase and The Cochrane Library, and manual bibliography searches were performed. • All relevant studies assessing the diagnostic accuracy of TRSE in PCa detection were included in our meta-analysis. • The data were pooled and sensitivity, specificity, area under the curve (AUC), positive likelihood ratio (LR) and negative LR were calculated. RESULTS: • Pooled patient data analysis: the pooled (95% confidential intervals [95% CI]) sensitivity of TRSE targeted biopsy in patients suspected of having PCa was 62 (55-68) %; specificity was 79% (74-84%); AUC was 0.7696; positive LR was 2.92 (2.28-3.74); and negative LR was 0.49 (0.41-0.59). • Pooled core data analysis: pooled (95% CI) sensitivity, specificity, positive LR and negative LR were 34% (30-38%), 93% (91-95%), 5.07 (3.91-6.57) and 0.71 (0.66-0.75), respectively. CONCLUSION: • Transrectal sonoelastography is a promising technique in PCa detection and can be considered to be a valuable supplemental method to systemic biopsy.

[Laparoendoscopic single-site retroperitoneal adrenalectomy:a report of 7 cases].

OBJECTIVE: To summarize our preliminary clinical experiences of laparoendoscopic single-site (LESS) retroperitoneal adrenalectomy. METHODS: Since October 2009 to January 2011, the investigators have performed LESS retroperitoneal adrenalectomy for 7 patients with adrenal tumors. A waist axillary midline incision of around 2 - 3 cm was made and a single incision for inserting a homemade port. Cambridge endo flexible laparoscopic instrument and other common laparoscopic accessories were used during the surgical procedures. RESULTS: LESS retroperitoneal adrenalectomies were technically successful in 6 cases with no extra skin incisions, no conversion into an open procedure or standard laparoscopy. Conversion to standard laparoscopy (3 ports) was inevitable in one case. The reason for conversion was due to tumor size (6 cm). No perioperative complication occurred. The mean operative duration was 139 min (95 - 200 min), the mean volume of blood loss 96 ml (30 - 350 ml) and the mean hospital stay 5 d (3 - 8 d). CONCLUSION: LESS retroperitoneal adrenalectomy is technically feasible and safe for the treatment of small adrenal tumors.

Suppression of MED19 expression by shRNA induces inhibition of cell proliferation and tumorigenesis in human prostate cancer cells.

MED19 is a member of the Mediator that plays a key role in the activation and repression of signal transduction or the regulation of transcription in carcinomas. To tested the functional role of MED19 in human prostate cancer, we downregulated MED19 expression in prostate cancer cells (PC-3 and DU145) by lentivirus-mediated short hairpin (shRNA), and analyzed the effect of inhibition of MED19 on prostate cancer cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. The in vitro prostate cancer cell proliferation, colony formation, and in vivo tumor growth in nude mice xenografts was significantly reduced after the downregulation of MED19. Knockdown of MED19 caused S-phase arrest and induced apoptosis via modulation of Bid and Caspase 7. It was suggested that MED19 serves as a novel proliferation regulator that promotes growth of prostate cancer cells.

Single plus one port laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: a report of 8 cases in one center.

Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy is considered the first treatment of choice for local prostate cancer due to its minimal invasion advantage. To further achieve the goal of minimal invasion, single port laparoscopic radical prostatectomy has been developed to minimize the complications associated with puncture tracks. The aim of this study was to illustrate the technique for single port laparoscopic radical prostatectomy and evaluate its efficacy and safety. We reported 8 cases of radical prostatectomy with excellent early outcome carried out in Shanghai Changzheng Hospital from June 2009 to August 2009 using a home-made multiple instrument access port and adding an additional small incision at McBurney point.

Impact of tension-free vaginal tape procedure on dysfunctional voiding in women with stress urinary incontinence.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of dysfunctional voiding (DV) in female stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and its modification after tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) procedure. METHODS: Three hundred and sixty women with SUI were enrolled and underwent urodynamics from 2002 to 2008. DV was determined when non-neurogenic detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia occurred during voluntary voiding. It was further quantitatively analyzed using the tense/loose value, a parameter derived from external anal sphincter electromyogram. The distribution of other urodynamic variables was also evaluated. One hundred and fifty patients underwent the TVT procedure and forty of them were studied with urodynamics after surgery during follow up. RESULTS: Overall, DV was diagnosed in ninety-nine patients, with a prevalence of 27.5%. The functional profile length in SUI women with DV was significantly shorter than that in SUI women without DV (3.13 +/- 0.76 vs 3.32 +/- 0.65, P = 0.017). After the TVT procedure, the recovery of SUI between cases with and without DV showed no significant difference. The rate of DV state change after the surgery, namely from with to without DV or from without to with DV, significantly differed between the female patients with and without DV (66.7% vs 3.6%, P < 0.05) during follow up. The DV improved after the surgery in SUI women with DV. CONCLUSIONS: DV might represent a coexistent finding in women with SUI. The main difference of women with SUI and DV, as compared with those without DV, is a shortened functional profile length. In such cases, TVT procedure can improve DV along with the treatment of SUI.

Retroperitoneal laparoscopic ureteroureterostomy for retrocaval ureter: report of 7 cases.

OBJECTIVES: To report our techniques and experience with retroperitoneal laparoscopic ureteroureterostomy (LUUS) for retrocaval ureter. METHODS: Between January 2004 and September 2008, 7 male patients underwent retroperitoneal LUUS. A 3-port, balloon-dissecting, retroperitoneal approach was used. Follow-up studies were performed with intravenous urography and renal ultrasonography. RESULTS: All operations were completed laparoscopically, and no open conversions were required. The mean operating time was 128.6 minutes (range 97-189) and the mean anastomosis time was 36 minutes, for all cases. The mean blood loss was 20 mL (range 15-50). None of the patients required blood transfusion. No intraoperative complications occurred. Hydronephrosis in all patients was decreased substantially after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Our results have demonstrated that retroperitoneal LUUS is an excellent minimally invasive treatment option for a retrocaval ureter that can be accomplished reasonably quickly and safely.

[Cadaver renal transplantation and multivariate analysis for graft survival: a clinical review of 2 016 cases].

OBJECTIVE: To review kidney transplantation in the center and analyze the risk factors affecting long-term allograft survival. METHODS: Thirty-two relative variables were analyzed with SAS statistical software. Using Log-rank method, we investigated influence of these variables on short-and long-term survival of grafts. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to estimate the 1-, 3-, 5-, 10-years graft survival rates and half-life. Proportional hazards regression analysis (Cox model) was used to assess and rank the relative risk of potential variables. RESULTS: The 1-, 3-, 5-, 10-years graft survival rates were 83%, 75%, 66% and 48%. After excluding the patients died with functioning grafts, the 1-, 3-, 5-, 10 years grafts survival rate increased to 89%, 82%, 75% and 69%, respectively. The mean half-life was 8.78 +/- 0.14 and 14.09 +/- 0.20 years, respectively. By Log-rank analysis, factors affecting short- and long-term graft survival were identified as: renal function, duration of graft function became normal, cold-ischemia time, presence of acute rejection, delayed graft function, immunosuppressive regimen, complication, infection, anti-rejection therapy. Cox model multivariate analysis showed that there were 18 factors affecting graft survival. CONCLUSIONS: New immunosuppressive agents not only significantly increase short-term graft survival, but also have the better long-term outcome tendency. Making assurance to get high quality donor organ and minimizing the death with graft function may be the most feasible way to prolong graft survival at present.