Temporal relationship between sleep duration and obesity among Chinese Han people and ethnic minorities.

BACKGROUND: No studies have assessed the association between sleep duration and obesity in Chinese ethnic minorities. Whether the relationship between sleep duration and obesity is different between Chinese Han people and Chinese ethnic minorities remains unclear. The study aimed to explore the relationship between sleep duration and obesity among Chinese Han people and Chinese ethnic minorities. METHODS: We applied data from the Guizhou Population Health Cohort Study (GPHCS), which 9,280 participants were recruited in the baseline survey from 2010 to 2012, and 8,163 completed the follow-up survey from 2016 to 2020. A total of 5,096 participants (3,188 Han Chinese and 1,908 ethnic minorities) were included in the ultimate analysis. Information on sleep duration (total 24-hour sleep time), body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC) was collected at the baseline and follow-up survey, respectively. Cross-lagged panel analyses were conducted to explore the temporal relationship between sleep duration and obesity for Han people and ethnic minorities. RESULTS: For Han people, the results from cross-lagged panel analyses indicated that baseline sleep duration was significantly associated with follow-up BMI (ßBMI = -0.041, 95% CIBMI: -0.072 ~ -0.009) and follow-up WC (ßWC = -0.070, 95%CIWC: -0.103 ~ -0.038), but baseline BMI (ßBMI = -0.016, 95% CIBMI: -0.050 ~ 0.018) and baseline WC (ßWC = -0.019, 95% CIWC: -0.053 ~ 0.016) were not associated with follow-up sleep duration. In addition, the relationship between baseline sleep duration and follow-up BMI was gender-specific and significant only in the Han people female (ßBMI = -0.047, 95% CIBMI: -0.090 ~ -0.003) but not in the Han people male (ßBMI = -0.029, 95% CIBMI: -0.075 ~ 0.016). For ethnic minorities, the results indicated that there was no relationship between sleep duration and obesity at all, either from sleep duration to obesity (ßBMI = 0.028, 95%CIBMI: -0.012 ~ 0.068; ßWC = 0.020, 95%CIWC: -0.022 ~ 0.062), or from obesity to sleep duration (ßBMI = -0.022, 95%CIBMI: -0.067 ~ 0.022; ßWC = -0.042, 95%CIWC: -0.087 ~ 0.003). CONCLUSION: The relationship pattern between sleep duration and obesity across Han people and ethnic minorities is different. Future sleep-aimed overweight and obesity intervention should be conducted according to population characteristics.

Associations between depression and the incident risk of obesity in southwest China: A community population prospective cohort study.

Objective: This study aimed to describe the incidence of obesity and investigate associations between depression and the risk of incident obesity among residents in Southwest China. Methods: A 10-year prospective cohort study of 4,745 non-obese adults was conducted in Guizhou, southwest China from 2010 to 2020. Depression was assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) while the obesity was identified by waist circumference (WC) and/or body mass index (BMI). Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of depression and incident obesity. Results: A total of 1,115 incident obesity were identified over an average follow-up of 7.19 years, with an incidence of 32.66 per 1,000 PYs for any obesity, 31.14 per 1,000 PYs and 9.40 per 1,000 PYs for abdominal obesity and general obesity, respectively. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, risks of incident abdominal obesity for subjects with minimal (aHR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.43), and mild or more advanced depression (aHR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.62) were statistically higher than those not depressed, while there was no significant association with incident general obesity. The risks of any incident obesity among subjects with minimal (aHR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.40), mild or more advanced depression (aHR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.64) were significantly higher than those not depressed and positive association was found for PHQ score per SD increase (aHR: 1.07, 95%CI: 1.01, 1.13), too. The association was stronger significantly in Han Chinese (minimal: aHR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.52; mild or more advanced: aHR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.30, 2.21) and farmers (minimal: aHR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.35, 2.01; mild or more advanced: aHR: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.32, 2.51). Conclusion: Depression increased the risk of incident obesity among adults in Southwest China, especially among Han Chinese and farmers. This finding suggests that preventing and controlling depression may benefit the control of incident obesity.

Visceral adiposity measures are strongly associated with cardiovascular disease among female participants in Southwest China: A population-based prospective study.

Background and aims: Controversy remains regarding the prediction effects of different adiposity measure indicators for the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Our study aimed to assess the associations of three traditional anthropometric indicators, namely, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and body mass index (BMI) as well as three non-traditional anthropometric indicators, namely, the Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), and body shape index (ABSI), with the risk of CVD among Southwest Chinese population. Methods: Our study was based on the Guizhou Population Health Cohort Study (GPHCS) conducted from 2010 to 2020. A total of 9,280 participants were recruited from 12 areas in Guizhou Province, China, from November 2010 to December 2012, and followed up for major chronic diseases until December 2020. A total of 7,837 individuals with valid data were included in this analysis. The gender-specific associations of WC, WHtR, BMI, CVAI, LAP, and ABSI with CVD were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to estimate the prediction powers of different indicators for CVD. Results: No association of six indicators with CVD was observed among male participants. Female participants with either WC-based central obesity (HR: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.12-2.97) or WHtR-based central obesity (HR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.07-2.64) had a higher risk of CVD, after adjusted for age, area, ethnic group, smoking, alcohol drinking, MET, previous history of diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia, medication use, and nutraceutical intake. Compared with female participants in the lowest quartile (Q1), those in the highest quartile (Q4) of WHtR (HR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.17-4.27), CVAI (HR: 3.98, 95% CI: 1.87-8.49), and ABSI (HR: 1.94, 95% CI: 1.06-3.52) had an increased risk for incident CVD. CAVI showed the maximum predictive power of CVD with the biggest AUC of 0.687 (95% CI: 0.654-0.720) compared to other indicators in female participants. Conclusions: Visceral adiposity measures, especially CVAI, are stronger predictive indicators of CVD among female and not male participants in Southwest China. Different anthropometric indexes need to be combined to comprehensively assess health risks.

Association between Drinking Patterns and Incident Hypertension in Southwest China.

Based on a prospective cohort study of adults from southwest China with heterogeneity in their demographical characteristics and lifestyles, we aimed to explore the association between drinking patterns and incident hypertension under the interaction of these confounding factors. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Subgroup analysis was performed according to sex, ethnicity, area, occupation, smoking, and exercise to compare the differences in the association between drinking patterns and the incidence of hypertension. Blood pressure was higher in participants with a high drinking frequency than those with a low drinking frequency (p < 0.001). We found that total drinking frequency, liquor drinking frequency, rice wine drinking frequency, and alcohol consumption were significantly associated with an increased risk of hypertension. Compared with the non-drinking group, a heavy drinking pattern was positively correlated with hypertension. Drinking can increase the risk of hypertension, especially heavy drinking patterns, with a high frequency of alcohol intake and high alcohol consumption. From the analysis results of the longitudinal data, drinking alcohol is still an important risk factor for hypertension among Chinese subjects, especially for men, the rural population, the employed, the Han nationality, smokers, and certain exercise populations.