ABSTRACT
Records of children treated for Hodgkin's disease between 1971-1990 were analyzed retrospectively, and 102 cases of children younger than 18 years when diagnosed were reviewed. There were 54 boys and 48 girls, with male predominance in those younger than 10 years. 44 patients were of Arab ancestry and 58 were Jewish; the incidence was similar in both groups. Most common were the nodular sclerosing and mixed cellularity types, the latter more common in the younger age group. The outcome of various treatments was evaluated. At diagnosis, 64% were in stages I or II and 34% in stages III or IV. 20 of those in stages I-II received radiotherapy (RT) alone, 10 chemotherapy (CT) alone, and 35 combined CT and RT. Survival rates and median disease-free intervals were statistically similar with all 3 modalities. However, relapse rates were higher with either RT or CT alone (35% and 38%, respectively) than with combined therapy (14%). We conclude that combined CT and RT is superior to RT or CT alone.
Subject(s)
Hodgkin Disease , Adolescent , Cancer Care Facilities , Child , Combined Modality Therapy , Female , Hodgkin Disease/drug therapy , Hodgkin Disease/mortality , Hodgkin Disease/pathology , Hodgkin Disease/radiotherapy , Humans , Israel , Male , Retrospective Studies , Survival Rate , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
The clinical impression that spinal cord injured and traumatic lower limb amputees are more prone to develop degenerative diseases was investigated by comparing the prevalence of hypertension, ischaemic heart disease, and diabetes mellitus in these two patient groups with the prevalence of these diseases among a group of healthy age-matched controls. Seventy seven spinal cord injured patients and 53 amputees fulfilled the criteria for inclusion in this study. Our results show a significant increased incidence of hypertension and ischaemic heart disease among those with spinal cord injuries compared with their controls; and among the amputees, a significant increased incidence of ischaemic heart disease and of diabetes mellitus.
Subject(s)
Amputation, Traumatic/complications , Coronary Disease/epidemiology , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology , Hypertension/epidemiology , Spinal Cord Injuries/complications , Adult , Aged , Amputees , Cross-Sectional Studies , Humans , Israel , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
In six normal male subjects we compared the O2 cost of resistive breathing (VO2 resp) between equivalent external inspiratory (IRL) and expiratory loads (ERL) studied separately. Each subject performed four pairs of runs matched for tidal volume, breathing frequency, flow rates, lung volume, pressure-time product, and work rate. Basal O2 uptake, measured before and after pairs of loaded runs, was subtracted from that measured during resistive breathing to obtain VO2 resp. For an equivalent load, the VO2 resp during ERL (184 +/- 17 ml O2/min) was nearly twice that obtained during IRL (97 +/- 9 ml O2/min). This twofold difference in efficiency between inspiratory and expiratory resistive breathing may reflect the relatively lower mechanical advantage of the expiratory muscles in overcoming respiratory loads. Variable recruitment of expiratory muscles may explain the large variation of results obtained in studies of respiratory muscle efficiency in normal subjects.
Subject(s)
Oxygen Consumption , Respiration , Adult , Airway Resistance , Biomechanical Phenomena , Energy Metabolism , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Positive-Pressure Respiration , Respiratory Muscles/physiologyABSTRACT
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) determinations performed in the milk of a nursing mother with an inoperable breast cancer revealed a 10-15-fold higher level compared with CEA levels in the milk of healthy nursing women. CEA was highly elevated in the milk of the tumor-bearing breast (1100 +/- 100 ng/ml) and moderately elevated in the milk of the clinically nonaffected breast (700 +/- 50 ng/ml). However, serum CEA levels were within normal range (9.8 +/- 0.5 ng/ml). The various theoretical and practical implications of this finding, including considerations for early breast cancer detection, are discussed.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/immunology , Carcinoembryonic Antigen/analysis , Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/immunology , Milk, Human/analysis , Adult , Breast Feeding , Female , HumansABSTRACT
Forty-five patients with locally advanced breast carcinoma were treated by radiotherapy. Twelve of them became operable and were operated. After 3 and 4 years in comparable clinical stage the rate of metastases in the nonoperated group was 78.6% and in the operated 75%. The survival after 3 and 4 years in comparable clinical stages was similar. In more advanced stages the survival was worse. Considering the trauma of mastectomy and the similar survival obtained in our material, an international trial should be performed to decide whether inoperable breast cancer becoming operable after radiotherapy should be operated.
