ABSTRACT
The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of a daily intake of fluid and salt supplementation (FSS) on the hemoglobin content of endurance trained athletes during hypokinesia (decreased number of steps from 10,000 to 3000 steps per day). The studies were performed on 30 long-distance runners who had a VO2max average of 66 ml kg-1 min-1 and were in the age range of 19-24 years. Prior to their exposure to hypokinesia (HK) of 364 days, all volunteers were on an average of 10,000 steps per day. All volunteers were divided into three equal groups: the first group underwent normal ambulatory life (control subjects), the second group was kept under continuous restriction of motor activity (hypokinetic subjects), and the third group was placed under continuous restriction of motor activity and consumed 26 ml water kg-1 body weight daily and 0.1 g sodium chloride kg-1 body weight in the form of supplementation (hyperhydrated subjects). For simulation of the hypokinetic effect, the number of steps taken per day by the second and third groups of volunteers was restricted to an average of 3000. During the hypokinetic period we determined reticulocytes (Rt), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), plasma volume (PV), red blood cell (RBC) mass and VO2max. In hyperhydrated volunteers the content of Hb and Hct decreased significantly, while PV, RBC mass and Rt count increased significantly. In hypokinetic volunteers Hb and Hct increased, while PV, RBC and Rt decreased significantly. It was concluded that chronic hyperhydration may be used to attentuate an increase in the Hb content of physically conditioned subjects during prolonged restriction of motor activity.
Subject(s)
Fluid Therapy , Hemoglobins/metabolism , Hypokinesia/blood , Hypokinesia/drug therapy , Physical Endurance/physiology , Sodium Chloride/therapeutic use , Adult , Erythrocyte Volume , Hematocrit , Humans , Hypokinesia/metabolism , Male , Oxygen Consumption , Plasma Volume , Reticulocyte Count , Water , Weight LossABSTRACT
The composition of the fatty acid profiles of Cl. perfringens type A, grown on media with initial pH values from 5.5 to 9.0, was determined by the method of gas-liquid chromatography. The fatty acid profiles are stabilized in 18- to 24-h cultures. Hydrogen ions stimulate the synthesis of cyclopropane carboxylic fatty acids and "desaturase" activity; hydroxyl ions inhibit these processes. The content of saturated fatty acids in the bacteria is regulated by the initial acid-alkaline conditions of the medium. An increase in biomass accumulation under the influence of hydroxyl ions is coupled with a decrease in the energy supply of the bacteria. Possible mechanisms of the development of resistance to hydrogen and hydroxyl ions during the cultivation of Clostridia on a period growth medium are discussed.
