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INTRODUCTION: Despite the growing recognition of gaming disorder as a mental disorder, there is still debate about how it should be best screened for. This is especially relevant in countries where prevalence studies that could support evidence-based policymaking are still to be conducted. This study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Ten-Item Internet Gaming Disorder Test (IGDT-10) and to explore its association with functional impairment. METHODS: An online convenience sample of 805 Brazilian adults who reported playing games completed the adapted version of IGDT-10 and World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0, as well as the Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale, the Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale and socio-demographic questions. RESULTS: The Brazilian Portuguese version of IGDT-10 demonstrated a unidimensional structure in both confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis, with satisfactory internal consistency and adequate temporal stability. Participants who scored five or more on IGDT-10 presented higher levels of functional impairment compared to those who scored positive for four symptoms or less. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant and showed a moderate effect size. Network analysis showed a direct connection between IGDT-10 and functional impairment, and identified "negative consequences" as the most relevant item connecting these variables. CONCLUSION: The IGDT-10 is a brief, easy-to-understand, valid, and reliable instrument, proving to be a suitable candidate for screening gaming disorder in future epidemiological studies.
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Objective: The goal of the study is to adapt and examine the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the nine-item Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire (PIUQ-SF-9). Methods: A convenience sample of Brazilian internet users aged between 18 and 89 years (72.7% female, mean age 38.7 years ± 13.5) was recruited online from September 2018 to July 2019 (test sample = 1,525; retest sample = 237). Participants responded to the adapted version of the PIUQ-SF-9, as well as the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D-10) and sociodemographic questions. Results: A bifactor model with one general factor and three specific dimensions (obsession, neglect and control disorder) yielded the best fit indices [χ2 = 67.66, df = 15, CFI = 0.99, TLI = 0.99, RMSEA = 0.048 (0.037-0.060), RMSEA p close = 0.587 and SRMR = 0.01]. McDonald's hierarchical omega coefficient was 0.76 for the general factor and varied between 0.16 and 0.33 for the specific dimensions. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.73 for the general factor and varied between 0.64 and 0.72 for the specific dimensions. The MIMIC model supported the scale's construct validity as the relationship of the predictors (age, time spent online, self-perception of problematic internet use, and depression symptoms) with the PIUQ-SF-9 factors was in line with the assumptions based on the literature. Conclusion: PIUQ-SF-9 seems to be a brief and culturally validated instrument with sound psychometric properties to be used in future studies on problematic internet use in the Brazilian population.
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RESUMO Objetivo O objetivo do estudo foi analisar as características sintomatológicas e sociodemográficas associadas ao histórico de tentativa de suicídio (TS) de usuários de cocaína e crack internados para tratamento. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo transversal envolvendo 160 participantes que responderam a uma entrevista clínica semiestruturada e ao instrumento Adult Self-Report (ASR). O modelo de Regressão Logística foi utilizado para testar os sintomas psicológicos associados à TS dessa amostra. Resultados As diferenças entre o grupo com TS e sem TS foram significativas (p < 0,001), e, do total da amostra, 30,6% (n = 49; p = 0,428) possuíam histórico de TS e 30,5% (n = 20) relataram ideação suicida no atual tratamento. A etnia, os sintomas de depressão e os problemas de pensamento estiveram associados à TS, enquanto comportamentos intrusivos, de quebra de regras e problemas internalizantes serviram de proteção à TS. Conclusões Os achados reforçam a necessidade da avaliação psiquiátrica dos estados emocionais, de comorbidades e do risco de suicídio no ingresso e durante o tratamento para dependência química.
ABSTRACT Objective The objective of this study was to analyze the symptoms and sociodemographic characteristics associated with the history of attempted suicide (TS) of cocaine and crack users hospitalized for treatment. Methods This is a cross-sectional study involving 160 participants who completed a semi-structured clinical interview and the Adult Self-Report (ASR) instrument. The Logistic Regression model was used to test the psychological symptoms associated with TS of this sample. Results The differences between the TS and non-TS groups were significant (p < 0.001). Of the total sample, 30.6% (n = 49; p = 0.428) had a history of TS and 30.5% (N = 20) reported suicidal ideation in the current treatment. Ethnicity, symptoms of depression and problems of thinking were associated with TS, whereas intrusive, rule-breaking and internalizing problems served as protection for TS. Conclusions The findings reinforce the need for psychiatric evaluation of emotional states, comorbidities and risk of suicide at admission and during treatment for chemical dependence.
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O modelo transteórico de mudança (MTT) auxilia na mudança de comportamento, como o uso de drogas, e do qual fazem parte a autoeficácia para abstinência, tentação para uso de drogas e os processos de mudança. Este artigo teve como objetivo comparar a autoeficácia e tentação após intervenção com o MTT em dependentes de cocaína/crack, e a relação dos conceitos com os processos de mudança. Utilizou-se uma análise de dados secundários, onde participaram 39 dependentes de cocaína e/ou crack, homens e mulheres com os instrumentos: protocolo de entrevista, WAIS-III, MEEM, DASE, TUD e EPM. Houve aumento da autoeficácia e diminuição de tentação após intervenção com o MTT, e encontrou-se que quanto mais autoeficácia e menos tentação mais eram utilizados os processos comportamentais autodeliberação, contracondicionamento e relações de ajuda. Portanto, a intervenção com MTT provocou efeitos esperados que proporcionam mudança no uso de cocaína/crack aliada à maior autoeficácia e menor tentação.(AU)
The transtheoretical model of change (TTM) assists in changing behavior, such as drug use, and which are part of the self-efficacy for abstinence, temptation to use drugs and change processes. This study aimed to compare the self-efficacy and temptation after intervention with TTM in cocaine / crack, and the relationship of the concepts with the processes of change. We used a secondary data analysis, attended by 39 dependents of cocaine and / or crack, men and women with the tools: interview protocol, WAIS-III, MMSE, DASE, TUD and EPM. There was an increase in self-efficacy and decrease the temptation after intervention with the TTM, and found that the more self-efficacy and less temptation plus autodeliberação behavioral processes were used, counter-conditioning and aid relationships. Therefore, intervention with TTM brought expected effects that provide change in the use of cocaine / crack combined with higher self-efficacy and less temptation.(AU)
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Humans , Behavior Therapy , Crack Cocaine , Substance-Related Disorders , Self Efficacy , Drug Users , CravingABSTRACT
INTRODUÇÃO: Este estudo objetivou revisar pesquisas que relatam danos decorrentes do uso de crack e possíveis fatores protetivos ou de risco para o uso. MÉTODO: Foram realizadas buscas no PsycInfo, PubMed e LILACS. Os descritores utilizados foram: (Crack Cocaine) AND (Street Drugs OR Population Characteristics OR Epidemiology). RESULTADOS: A facilidade de acesso do crack, uso frequente de cocaína injetável, cristais de metanfetamina, envolvimento em comércio sexual e variedade de drogas utilizadas nos últimos seis meses foram considerados fatores de risco para o uso. Não usuários de crack percebem o condicionamento vicário, informações fornecidas pela família e o medo de morrer como fatores protetivos para o uso da droga. O uso de crack pode causar danos físicos, problemas psiquiátricos, neurocognitivos e prejuízos sociais. CONCLUSÃO: O uso de crack está associado a danos físicos, mentas e sociais. Fatores protetivos e de risco devem ser considerados na elaboração de políticas públicas de saúde.(AU)
BACKGROUND: The aim of this paper was to review studies that describe the damage caused by crack and the possible protective or risk factors for this use. METHOD: The PsycInfo, PubMed and LILACS databases were searched using the following terms: (Crack Cocaine) AND (Street Drugs OR Population Characteristics OR Epidemiology). RESULTS: The easy access to crack, the frequent use of injectable cocaine, crystal methamphetamine, the involvement in sex trade, and the variety of drugs used in the past six months were regarded as risk factors for drug use. For crack non-users, vicarious conditioning, information given by the family and fear of death were protective factors for drug use. The use of crack can cause physical damage, psychiatric and neurocognitive problems and social impairment. CONCLUSION: The use of crack is associated with physical, mental and social damage. Protective and risk factors must be contemplated in the design of public health policies.(AU)
