Development and application of drug-induced liver injury surveillance and assessment system / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To establish the drug-induced liver injury （DILI） surveillance and assessment system （DILI-SAS）， and to improve the diagnostic efficiency of clinical DILI. METHODS The DILI-SAS was constructed by using natural language processing technology to mine and utilize all inpatient medical record data， and combined with Roussel Uclaf causality assessment method （RUCAM）. The medical records of 19 445 hospitalized patients from August 2022 to January 2023 were detected to verify the performance of the system and manually analyze the basic data of patients with DILI and the distribution of the first suspected drugs. RESULTS The overall accuracy rate of the DILI-SAS system was 91.95%， and the recall rate was 93.20%. Seventy-five DILI cases were detected， and the DILI incidence rate was 385.70/100 000 people. The efficiency of DILI monitoring by human- computer coupling was increased by about 60 times of manual monitoring； males （61.33%） and patients over 60 years old （56.00%） were the most common in the 75 cases of DILI. The clinical type of liver injury was hepatocyte injury （69.33%）， the incubation period was mainly 5-90 days after treatment （62.67%）， and the RUCAM score between 3 and 5 was the most common （66.67%）； pharmacological distribution of the first suspected drugs was mainly dihydropyridines， HMG CoA reductase inhibitors， proton pump inhibitors， etc. The specific drugs were atorvastatin， omeprazole， ceftriaxone， metronidazole and other drugs. CONCLUSIONS The establishment of DILI-SAS can improve the evaluation efficiency on the basis of ensuring the accuracy degree， and provide a solution for the early identification， diagnosis and evaluation of clinical DILI.

Effects of self-help mindfulness-based stress reduction training on illness uncertainty and sleep quality in atrial fibrillation patients after radiofrequency ablation / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To investigate the effects of self-help mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) training on illness uncertainty andsleep quality in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) after radiofrequency ablation. To provide the basis for improving the quality of life of these patients.Methods:This was a randam controlled Test. A convenient sampling method was used to select 90 patients with atrial fibrillation who underwent radiofrequency ablation in the First Peoples Hospital of Changzhou from January 2021 to December 2021. According to the random number table method. They were divided into the experimental group and the control group, with 45 cases in each group. The control group received routine nursing, and the observation group received home-based self-help MBSR training based on the routine nursing. Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Scale (PSQI) were used to evaluate the scores of each scale before intervention, 8 weeks and 3 months after intervention.Results:A total of 42 cases were completed in the experimental group and 41 cases in the control group. Repeated measurement analysis of variance showed that there were interaction effect ( F interaction = 90.98, 46.27, 39.61, all P<0.01), time effect ( F time = 298.67, 179.06, 76.32, all P<0.01) and inter-group effect ( F intergroup = 19.88, 4.07, 18.70, all P<0.05) on mindfulness score, disease uncertainty score, total score of sleep quality and scores of all dimensionsin between the two groups. Simple effect analysis showed that scores of all scales in experimental groups were significantly better than those in control group after the intervention ( F values were 11.75 to 66.49, all P<0.01). Conclusion:Self-help MBSR training can improve the level of mindfulness, reduce the feeling of uncertainty and improve the quality of sleep in patients with atrial fibrillation after radiofrequency ablation.

Risk factors for axial deviation in treatment of tibial bone defects by bone transport with Orthofix unilateral external fixator / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Objective:To investigate the risk factors for axial deviation in the treatment of tibial defect susing Orthofix unilateral external fixator and proximal tibial osteotomy for bone transport.Methods:A retrospective study was performed to analyze the clinical data of 90 patients who had been treated for tibial bone defects by the Orthofix unilateral external fixator at Department of Microrepair and Reconstruction, The First Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University from May 2012 to June 2019. There were 77 males and 13 females with a mean age of 41.2 years (from 17 to 63 years).The bone defects ranged from 4 to 13 cm in length. According to the Paley criteria for axial deviation, the 90 patients were divided into 2 groups: a deviation-free group with no axial deviation or an axial deviation ≤5° and a deviation group with an axial deviation>5°. The 2 groups were compared in terms of age, number of prior surgery, defect length, placement angle of Schanz screws, external fixation time, external fixation index and bending degree of Schanz screws at the last follow-up.The factors with P<0.05 were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression to find the risk factors for coronal axial deviation. Results:The 90 patients were followed up for an average of 23 months (from 12 to 40 months). The incidence of axial deviation in this cohort was 36.7% (33/90).The deviation group had a significantly larger number of prior surgery [5 (3, 6) times], a significantly longer defect length [8 (8, 9) cm], a significantly longer external fixation time [400.0 (341.8, 426.3) d], and a significantly greater bending degree of Schanz screws at the last follow-up [1.2° (0.4°, 3.5°)] than the deviation-free group [3 (2, 3) times, 6 (5, 8) cm, 340.8 (226.5, 422.8) d, and 0.8° (0.2°, 3.7°)] (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the number of prior surgery ( OR=2.581, 95% CI: 1.496-4.450, P=0.001) and the defect length ( OR=5.310, 95% CI: 1.952-14.442, P=0.001) were the risk factors for the axial deviation. Conclusion:In the treatment of tibial defect susing Orthofix unilateral external fixator and proximal tibial osteotomy for bone transport, the more prior surgeries and the longer a bone defect, the higher the risk for axial deviation.

Risk factors for femoral neck fracture in elderly population / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#To explore the risk factors for femoral neck fracture in elderly population.@*METHODS@#A total of 124 elderly patients (≥60 years old) in hospital for trauma were enrolled, including 71 patients (57%) with femoral neck fracture and 53 non-femoral neck fracture patients (43%). All patients' age, gender, body mass index (BMI), bone mineral density (BMD), thigh length and average circumference were collected. Single factor analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to explore whether the above factors were risk factors for femoral neck fracture.@*RESULTS@#Single factor analysis showed that the age, gender, BMI, BMD, thigh length, and average thigh circumference between the 2 groups were statistically different (all @*CONCLUSIONS@#Older age, female, lower BMI index (low body weight), lower BMD (osteoporosis), longer thigh length, and lower average circumference are risk factors for femoral neck fracture in the elderly population.

Terahertz smart dynamic and active functional electromagnetic metasurfaces and their applications.

The demand for smart and multi-functional applications in the terahertz (THz) frequency band, such as for communication, imaging, spectroscopy, sensing and THz integrated circuits, motivates the development of novel active, controllable and informational devices for manipulating and controlling THz waves. Metasurfaces are planar artificial structures composed of thousands of unit cells or metallic structures, whose size is either comparable to or smaller than the wavelength of the illuminated wave, which can efficiently interact with the THz wave and exhibit additional degrees of freedom to modulate the THz wave. In the past decades, active metasurfaces have been developed by combining diode arrays, two-dimensional active materials, two-dimensional electron gases, phase transition material films and other such elements, which can overcome the limitations of conventional bulk materials and structures for applications in compact THz multi-functional antennas, diffractive devices, high-speed data transmission and high-resolution imaging. In this paper, we provide a brief overview of the development of dynamic and active functional electromagnetic metasurfaces and their applications in the THz band in recent years. Different kinds of active metasurfaces are cited and introduced. We believe that, in the future, active metasurfaces will be combined with digitalization and coding to yield more intelligent metasurfaces, which can be used to realize smart THz wave beam scanning, automatic target recognition imaging, self-adaptive directional high-speed data transmission network, biological intelligent detection and other such applications. This article is part of the theme issue 'Advanced electromagnetic non-destructive evaluation and smart monitoring'.

Ginsenoside Rb1 Inhibits Doxorubicin-Triggered H9C2 Cell Apoptosis via Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a highly effective chemotherapeutic agent; however, the dose-dependent cardiotoxicity associated with DOX significantly limits its clinical application. In the present study, we investigated whether Rb1 could prevent DOX-induced apoptosis in H9C2 cells via aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). H9C2 cells were treated with various concentrations (−μM) of Rb1. AhR, CYP1A protein and mRNA expression were quantified with Western blot and real-time PCR analyses. We also evaluated the expression levels of caspase-3 to assess the anti-apoptotic effects of Rb1. Our results showed that Rb1 attenuated DOX-induced cardiomyocytes injury and apoptosis and reduced caspase-3 and caspase-8, but not caspase-9 activity in DOX-treated H9C2 cells. Meanwhile, pre-treatment with Rb1 decreased the expression of caspase-3 and PARP in the protein levels, with no effects on cytochrome c, Bax, and Bcl-2 in DOX-stimulated cells. Rb1 markedly decreased the CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 expression induced by DOX. Furthermore, transfection with AhR siRNA or pre-treatment with AhR antagonist CH-223191 significantly inhibited the ability of Rb1 to decrease the induction of CYP1A, as well as caspase-3 protein levels following stimulation with DOX. In conclusion, these findings indicate that AhR plays an important role in the protection of Ginsenoside Rb1 against DOX-triggered apoptosis of H9C2 cells.

Saikosaponin D inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis via C/EBPβ-p53 signal pathway in human hepatoma HepG2 cells / 药物分析学报

Objective To investigate the anticancer effects and detailed mechanisms of Saikosaponin D (SSD) in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Methods Cell proliferation and apoptosis were tested by MTT assay and Annexin-V/PI assay respectively. The expressions of CCAAT enhancer binding protein β(C/EBPβ) and p53 were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting. Results SSD inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner and induced apoptosis at the concentration of 5.0mg/L. SSD significantly increased the mRNA and protein levels of C/EBPβ and p53 in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion SSD exerts its anticancer effect by inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis partly through C/EBPβ-p53 signal pathway in HepG2 cells.