The effect of sleep hygiene and physiotherapy on bruxism, sleep, and oral habits in children with sleep bruxism during the COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: Sleep bruxism has been associated with temporomandibular dysfunction, pain, fatigue, and poor sleep quality. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the gender and age distribution of sleep and oral habits of children with sleep bruxism and to examine the effect of a sleep hygiene and physiotherapy program. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 82 children aged 6-13 years with sleep bruxism were initially screened between March 2020 and June 2021, from which 37 of them voluntarily attended an 8-week sleep hygiene and physiotherapy program. Evaluations were made using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), and the Oral Habits Questionnaire (OHQ) at the beginning and at the end of the 8-week program. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were determined between the 6-9 years and 10-13-year age groups in respect of the sleep habits subcategories of resistance to bedtime (p= 0.001), sleep anxiety (p= 0.043), parasomnia (p= 0.040), and sleep respiratory disorder (p= 0.041). Following the 8-week treatment program, a significant reduction was obtained in the VAS value (p< 0.05), CSHQ subcategories of resistance to bedtime (p= 0.001), sleep duration (p= 0.008), parasomnia (p= 0.000), and in the OHQ score (p= 0.000). CONCLUSION: There was no relationship between sleep bruxism and gender, but a relationship was found with age. The rate of bruxism was seen to decrease with an increase in age. It was determined that oral, sleep habits, and bruxism are closely related, and the rates at which bruxism is seen are affected by the oral habits. Sleep hygiene and physiotherapy have been effective in children with sleep bruxism.

Evaluation of Anxiety Levels in Children and Their Mothers and Appearance of Sleep Bruxism in Turkish Children and Associated Risk Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study.

AIMS: To evaluate the anxiety of children and their mothers in relation to sleep bruxism (SB) and associated risk factors. METHODS: A total of 96 children (48 with and 48 without bruxism) and their mothers participated in this study. A form with comprehensive history and oral and parafunctional habits associated with SB was used. Screen for Child Anxiety and Related Disorders (SCARED) was used to measure anxiety in children. The anxiety levels of the mothers were evaluated with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). SPSS version 21.0 was used for the analyses. Chi-square test was used to compare categorical data. Student t test or Mann-Whitney U test was used for the comparison of continuous data, and multiple logistic regression model was applied to detect the real factors associated with SB. RESULTS: The comparisons of SCARED total (P = .005), factor 3 (separation anxiety; P = .015), factor 4 (social anxiety; P = .011) and factor 5 (school fear; P = .005) showed significant differences between groups. State anxiety scores of the mothers were significantly higher in the bruxism group (P < .001). Statistically significant differences were seen for learning/behavioral/anger problems, mouth breathing, snoring, bad breath, parasitic infections, sleep difficulty, chewing a pen or pencil, and sleeping in their own room (P < .05). The real risk factors associated with SB were learning/behavioral/anger problems, an experience causing stress, snoring, and increased anxiety levels of mothers and children. CONCLUSION: Elevated anxiety levels of mother or children, learning/behavioral/anger problems, experience causing stress, and snoring increased the risk of having SB in children.

The Effect of Application of Combined Bovine-Derived Anorganic Bone Graft and Hemostatic Plant Extract on Bone Regeneration.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of bovine-derived anorganic bone graft (ABB) in combination with hemostatic plant extract (ABS) on bone regeneration. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three bone defects were created via an extraoral approach on the mandibles of nine domestic pigs. The first defects were filled with ABS solution (0.3 mL/defect) in a transporting agent of ABB (0.3 cc/defect), whereas the second defects were filled with ABS (0.3 mL/defect) in microcapsules for controlled drug release, combined with ABB (0.3 cc/defect) again. The third defects were left empty. After a 10-week healing period and the sacrification, undecalcified sections were prepared for histomorphometric analysis. RESULTS: The mean total area of hard tissue was 29.54% ± 3.2% in the control group, 59.78% ± 5.4% in the conventional group, and 63.67% ± 4.2% in the microsphere group (P < .001). The mean area of newly formed bone was 29.54% ± 3.2% in the control group, 34.79% ± 3.9% in the conventional group, and 37.95% ± 5.3% in the microsphere group (P = .003). The mean residual graft area was 24.99% ± 2.4% in the conventional group and 25.71% ± 4.4% in the microsphere group (P = .730). CONCLUSION: The combined usage of ABS and ABB in both ways increased bone regeneration statistically. However, there was no significant difference between the two methods for ABS delivery systems in terms of new bone regeneration.

Evaluation of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders and incisal relationships among 7-10-year-old Turkish children with sleep bruxism: A cross-sectional study.

Objective: To study the signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) and incisal relationships related to sleep bruxism and parafunctional habits among children.Methods: The study consisted of 106 children (53 with and 53 without bruxism) between the ages of 7 and 10. A general questionnaire and Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders Axis I examination form were used for each child.Results: There were significant differences between children according to pain, headache, midline deviation, opening pattern, temporomandibular joint noise, overjet, overbite, corrected deviation, and pain disorders (p < 0.05). According to the logistic regression, the higher scores of "mouth breathing" and "horizontal incisal overjet" were independent risk factors for TMDs. The lack of "bruxism" and "sleeping with open mouth" were protective factors for TMDs.Conclusion: Children with bruxism showed signs and symptoms of TMDs and divergence in incisal relationships.

A Retrospective Comparison of Dental Treatment under General Anesthesia Provided for Uncooperative Healthy Patients and Patients with Special Health Care Needs.

Background/Objective: This retrospective comparative analysis evaluates the patterns of dental treatment undertaken on uncooperative healthy and special health care needs patients with respect to different age categories. Study design: This study reviewed the data from 342 patients (205 male and 137 female), between the ages of 1 and 12 at the time of the treatment, who had received comprehensive dental treatment under general anesthesia in the operating rooms of the Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University from January 2016 through December 2018. Patient records were divided into two groups according to the patient's medical and mental conditions. SHCN patients (272 patients) with at least one type of mental, medical or physical disability were assigned to Group S and uncooperative healthy patients (70 patients) were assigned to Group H. Treatment modalities of restorative procedures, number of extracted teeth, pulp therapy, and other dental procedures were compared between these groups with respect to eruptional stages in the dentition (<6 years and 6-12 years) Results: There was no significant difference between groups H and S in terms of the mean duration of dental treatment among age categories in both groups. The mean number of extracted teeth was significantly greater in Group S. The mean number of teeth treated by restorative procedures in groups H and S were 4.40 and 4.40, respectively, showing no significant difference. Conclusions: Comparison of two different groups, with patients who have received comprehensive dental treatment in an operating room, revealed that the number of teeth extracted was significantly higher for the SHCN patients. On the basis of our results, it was concluded that medical and mental conditions affect dental treatment modalities. Preventive treatment strategies are particularly required for patients with SHCN and it is important to educate patients and their parents/caregivers on the importance of home dental care.

Clinical evaluation of a self-adhering flowable composite as occlusal restorative material in primary molars: one-year results.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the 1 year clinical performances of a self-adhering flowable composite and a commercially available self-etch adhesive/composite system in occlusal restorations of primary second molars. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-one patients (10 male, 21 female) were recruited into the study. A total of 62 occlusal cavities were restored with either a universal composite or a self-adhering flowable composite according to manufacturers' instructions. The restorations were clinically evaluated 1 month after placement as baseline, and after 3, 6 months and 1 year post-operatively using modified USPHS criteria by two operators. RESULTS: Lack of retention was not observed in any of the restorations. With respect to color match, marginal adaptation, secondary caries and surface texture, no significant differences were found between two restorative materials tested after 1 year. None of the restorations had marginal discoloration and anatomic form loss on the 1 year follow-up. Restorations did not exhibit post-operative sensitivity at any evaluation period. CONCLUSION: The clinical assessment of self-adhering flowable composite exhibited good clinical results with predominating alpha scores after 1 year. Advantage of the application convenience for children is promising for self-adhered flowable composite materials in pediatric use.

Parent's report on oral health-related quality of life of children with haemophilia.

INTRODUCTION: Among children with haemophilia and their caregivers; problems arising from the teeth and the surrounding tissues have an important role in the treatment of this disease and it affects the quality of life of children and their parents. AIM: Aim of this study is to evaluate the oral health-related quality of life of children with haemophilia from the perspective of their parents. METHODS: Paediatric oral health-related quality of life (POQL) instrument was used in this cross-sectional study for quality of life measurement. The research data collected by the questionnaire form were coded for scale items and personal information questions and transferred to SPSS, a multivariate statistical analysis program for social sciences. SPSS 23.0 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY) package program was used for statistical analysis of the data. RESULTS: Primary dentition dmft scores of patients with haemophilia are higher than the control group; mean value of haemophilic group is 3.5 vs control group are 2.6, respectively (P = 0.034). In spite of higher dmft scores, the haemophilia and control groups have shown no significant difference in oral health-related quality of life scores; median scores were 63.9 in haemophilic group and 85.3 in control group (P = 0.336), respectively. CONCLUSION: In spite of lower oral health measures, children with haemophilia and their parents reported no difference in oral health-related quality of life from their healthy counterparts.

Validity and reliability of a Turkish pediatric oral health-related quality of life measure.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to develop Turkish measures for Pediatric Oral Health-related Quality of Life (POQL) and evaluate their reliability and validity for use in Turkish children aged 8-14 years (Child Self-Report measure; CSR) and their caregivers (Parent Report-on-Child measure; PRC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The English POQL was translated into Turkish, adapted for the Turkish culture, and tested in 149 children and their caregivers attending the Çukurova University Pediatric Dentistry clinics to assess the reliability, internal consistency, and discriminant and convergent validity of the Turkish version. RESULTS: The internal consistency of the Turkish POQL evaluated using Cronbach's alpha was 0.905 for CSR and 0.887 for PRC. To determine the test-retest reliability, the Turkish POQL was administered to a sub-sample (n=16) a second time 2 weeks after the first survey administration. Intraclass correlation coefficient values of the individual items were 0.895 for CSR and 0.992 for PRC. For total scores, there was a significant difference based on clinical caries status and perceived oral health in both CSR and PRC. CONCLUSION: The Turkish POQL is a valid and reliable measure of the perceived impact of oral conditions on children's lives.

Hispanic parents' reading language preference and pediatric oral health-related quality of life.

OBJECTIVES: This study compared scores and psychometric properties from self-identified Hispanic parents who completed Pediatric Oral Health-related Quality of life (POQL) parent report-on-child questionnaires in Spanish or English. The study hypothesized that there were no differences in psychometric properties or POQL scores by parent reading language preference, controlling for dental needs, child's place of birth, age, insurance and use of care. METHODS: POQL scores were computed, and the internal consistency, feasibility, factor structure and construct validity of the Spanish language version assessed. RESULTS: Hispanic parents (N = 387) of 8-14 year old children (mean age 10.2) completed the survey; 237 in Spanish and 150 in English. Internal consistency scores were higher (Cronbach α range = .86-.93) among Hispanic parents who completed the questionnaire in Spanish than in English (.66-.86). POQL scores from parents who completed questionnaires in Spanish were higher (worse) overall (6.03 vs. 3.82, P = 0.022), as were physical (11.61 vs. 6.54, P = 0.001) and role functioning domains (1.87 vs. 0.82, P = 0.029). Items for crying, pain, and eating were higher (P < 0.05) for the Spanish than the English completers. However, POQL scores were associated only with need for care (P = 0.05), parent reports of dental visit in the last year (P = 0.05) and worse oral health than a year ago (P = 0.002), controlling for reading language (not significant) and visit in last year in the final multivariate linear regression.

A unique case of Turner syndrome accompanying prolactinoma and unexpected elongated styloid process: Clinical and cone-beam computed tomographic features.

Turner syndrome (TS) is one of the most common chromosomal abnormalities, with an estimated frequency among female live births of 1/2,000-3,000. The syndrome is characterized by the partial or complete absence of one X chromosome (45,X karyotype). We reported a unique case of a 40-year-old woman with TS accompanying unexpected elongated styloid process specific to Eagle syndrome (ES) and followed up-prolactinoma. The present article is the first report to define the cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) features of TS accompanying ES. Patients with TS carry various risks that make treatment more complicated; thus advanced imaging techniques for proper treatment and follow-up are extremely important. In the light of CBCT examination, craniofacial abnormalities specific to TS and accompanying syndromes such as the crowding of teeth especially in the maxillary anterior region caused by maxillary narrowness, micrognatic maxilla and mandible, relative mandibular retrusion, malocclusion, open-bite, and an elongated styloid process (length of 32.7 mm) on the right side were illustrated in detail.