Trends in gastric cancer mortality 2005-2020 in Peru and its geographical areas: A joinpoint regression analysis.

BACKGROUND: Gastric cancer (GC) is the leading cause of cancer death in Peru. However, information regarding trends in mortality rates in Peru and its geographical areas in the last few decades is lacking. Our objective was to describe GC mortality rates in Peru between 2005 and 2020. METHODS: Age standardized mortality rates (ASMR) were calculated per 100,000 person-years using the world SEGI standard population. Joinpoint regression analysis was performed to examine mortality trends. The analysis of the last 5 years was performed for Peru and its geographical areas. RESULTS: GC mortality rates in 2005 and in 2020 were 13.81 and 10.52, respectively, for men and 11.81 and 8.06, respectively, for women. Between 2016 and 2020, Huanuco and Huancavelica reported the highest mortality rates (≥20 deaths per 100,000). In men, Peru and the highlands region reported significant decreases in GC mortality rates in both sexes for some periods. Coastal region significant decreased by 2.6 % in all periods for women. In both sexes, six provinces reported significant decreases in GC mortality rates. CONCLUSION: Although GC mortality rates in Peru have declined over the past 16 years. They are still one of the highest in the Latin American and Caribbean region. It is important that the Peruvian State seek to reduce the mortality of this disease through prevention efforts, timely detection and treatment in all patients.

Adaptación y validación del Cuestionario de Tensión T3/15 en trabajadores de salud del Perú / Adaptation and Validation of the T3/15 Stress Questionnaire among Peruvian Healthcare Workers / Adaptação e validação do questionário de estresse T3/15, em trabalhadores de saúde no Peru

Introducción: la alta prevalencia de afecciones mentales relacionadas con los estados de tensión laboral en trabajadores del ámbito sanitario requiere una detección oportuna. Para su valoración se necesitan instrumentos válidos, confiables y fáciles de administrar. El objetivo de este trabajo fue adaptar y validar el Cuestionario de Tensión T3/15 de Meliá (1994), en una muestra de trabajadores de salud del Perú. Materiales y métodos: estudio de tipo instrumental, en que participaron 302 trabajadores del sistema sanitario peruano, seleccionados por muestreo aleatorio estratificado. El proceso incluyó cambios en la terminología de algunos ítems, evaluación del contenido por jueces y prueba piloto. La validez de constructo se evaluó mediante un análisis factorial exploratorio. El número de factores se definió con el análisis paralelo de Horn y con el ajuste con análisis factorial confirmatorio. Resultados: se obtuvo una versión reducida de diez ítems agrupados en dos factores que explicaron el 67.13 % de la varianza total y un ajuste aceptable [χ2/gl = 3.08; nfi = 0.94; cfi = 0.95; srmr = 0.013; rmsea = 0.080 (ic90 %: 0.66-0.10)]. Los ítems discriminan satisfactoriamente; así como el cuestionario, según la variable sexo y grupo ocupacional. El alfa ordinal para incidencias sociopsicológicas de la tensión laboral fue de 0.752 y de 0.931 para tensión inducida por el trabajo; el omega de McDonald fue de 0.867 y 0.965, respectivamente. Conclusiones: la nueva versión reducida del cuestionario de tensión posee propiedades métricas aceptables; por tanto, se recomienda su uso para valorar la tensión laboral en trabajadores de salud y estudios de validación. Palabras clave: estrés laboral; personal de salud; encuestas de salud; psicometría, estudio de validación

Adaptación y validación del Cuestionario de Tensión T3/15 en trabajadores de salud del Perú2Rev. Cienc. Salud. Bogotá, Colombia, vol. 21(3): 1-12, septiembre-diciembre de 2023la terminología de algunos ítems, evaluación del contenido por jueces y prueba piloto. La validez de constructo se evaluó mediante un análisis factorial exploratorio. El número de factores se definió con el análisis paralelo de Horn y con el ajuste con análisis factorial confirmatorio. Resultados: se obtuvo una versión reducida de diez ítems agrupados en dos factores que explicaron el 67.13 % de la varianza total y un ajuste aceptable [χ2/gl = 3.08; nfi = 0.94; cfi = 0.95; srmr = 0.013; rmsea = 0.080 (ic90 %: 0.66-0.10)]. Los ítems discriminan satisfactoriamente; así como el cuestionario, según la variable sexo y grupo ocupacional. El alfa ordinal para incidencias sociopsicológicas de la tensión laboral fue de 0.752 y de 0.931 para tensión inducida por el trabajo; el omega de McDonald fue de 0.867 y 0.965, respectivamente. Conclusiones: la nueva versión reducida del cuestionario de tensión posee propiedades métricas aceptables; por tanto, se recomienda su uso para valorar la tensión laboral en trabajadores de salud y estudios de validación. Palabras clave: estrés laboral; personal de salud; encuestas de salud; psicometría, estudio de validación.AbstractIntroduction: The high prevalence of stress-related mental disorders among healthcare workers requires timely assessment and intervention. Accordingly, valid, reliable, and easy-to-administer instruments are required for this purpose. This study aimed to adapt and validate the T3/15 Tension Questionnaire by Meliá (1994) in a sample of Peruvian healthcare workers. Materials and methods: In this instrumental study, 302 workers from the Peruvian health system selected through stratified random sampling were included. The process included changes in the terminology of some items, content evaluation by judges, and pilot testing. Construct validity was assessed via exploratory factor analysis; the number of factors was defined using Horn's parallel analysis and the fit using confirmatory factor analysis. Results: A reduced version of 10 items was finally obtained, which were grouped into two factors that explained 67.13% of the total variance and an acceptable adjustment (χ²/gl = 3.08; nfi = 0.94; cfi = 0.95; srmr = 0.013; rmsea = 0.080 [ic90% = 0.66­0.10]). The items in the questionnaire satisfactorily discriminated according to the variable sex and occupational group. Ordinal alpha for sociopsychological incidences of stress at work was 0.752 and 0.931 for work-induced stress and McDonald's Omega was 0.867 and 0.965, respectively. Conclusions: The new reduced ver-sion of the stress questionnaire demonstrates acceptable metric properties and hence can be recommended for assessing the state of occupational stress among healthcare workers and validation studies

Introdução: a alta prevalência de doenças mentais relacionadas a estados de estresse laboral em trabalha-dores da saúde requer detecção oportuna. Instrumentos válidos, confiáveis e de fácil administração são necessários para sua avaliação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi adaptar e validar o Questionário de Estresse T3/15 de Meliá (1994), em uma amostra de profissionais de saúde do Peru. Materiais e métodos: estudo instrumental, participaram 302 trabalhadores do sistema de saúde peruano, selecionados por amostragem aleatória estratificada. O processo incluiu mudanças na terminologia de alguns itens, avaliação de conteúdo por juízes e teste piloto. A validade de construto foi avaliada pela análise fatorial exploratória, o número de fatores foi definido pela análise paralela de Horn e o ajuste pela análise fatorial confirmatória. Resultados:obteve-se uma versão reduzida de dez itens agrupados em dois fatores, que explicaram 67,13% da variância total e um ajuste aceitável (χ²/gl = 3,08;nfi = 0,94; cfi = 0,95; srmr = 0,013; rmsea = 0,080 [90% ic: 0,66-0,10]). Os itens discriminam satisfatoriamente; bem como o questionário de acordo com a variável sexo e grupo ocupacional. O alfa ordinal para incidências sociopsicológicas de estresse no trabalho foi de 0,752 e 0,931 para tensão induzida pelo trabalho, o ômega de McDonald foi de 0,867 e 0,965, respectivamente. Conclusões:a nova versão reduzida do questionário de estresse tem propriedades métricas aceitáveis; portanto, seu uso é recomendado para avaliar o estresse no trabalho em trabalhadores da saúde e estudos de validação

Disparities in breast cancer mortality among Latin American women: trends and predictions for 2030.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is among the leading cause of cancer-related mortality among Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) women, but a comprehensive and updated analysis of mortality trends is lacking. The objective of this study was to determine the breast cancer mortality rates between 1997 and 2017 for LAC countries and predict mortality until 2030. METHODS: We retrieved breast cancer deaths across 17 LAC countries from the World Health Organization mortality database. Age-standardized mortality rates per 100,000 women-years were estimated. Mortality trends were evaluated with Joinpoint regression analyses by country and age group (all ages, < 50 years, and ≥ 50 years). By 2030, we predict number of deaths, mortality rates, changes in population structure and size, and the risk of death from breast cancer. RESULTS: Argentina, Uruguay, and Venezuela reported the highest mortality rates throughout the study period. Guatemala, El Salvador, and Nicaragua reported the largest increases (from 2.4 to 2.8% annually), whereas Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay reported downward trends (from - 1.0 to - 1.6% annually). In women < 50y, six countries presented downward trends and five countries showed increasing trends. In women ≥ 50y, three countries had decreased trends and ten showed increased trends. In 2030, increases in mortality are expected in the LAC region, mainly in Guatemala (+ 63.0%), Nicaragua (+ 47.3), El Salvador (+ 46.2%), Ecuador (+ 38.5%) and Venezuela (+ 29.9%). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest considerable differences in breast cancer mortality across LAC countries by age group. To achieve the 2030 sustainable developmental goals, LAC countries should implement public health strategies to reduce mortality by breast cancer.

Regional disparities of prostate cancer mortality in Ecuador: an examination of trends and correlates from 2004 to 2019.

BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in Ecuadorian men. However, there is a lack of information regarding the evolution of prostate cancer mortality rates in Ecuador and its regions in the last few decades. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to report prostate cancer mortality rates in Ecuador and its geographical areas and observe the evolution of these rates between 2004 and 2019. METHODS: An observational ecological study was conducted, analysing data for prostate cancer deaths from 2004 to 2019 in Ecuador. Age standardized mortality rates (ASMR) were calculated per 100,000 men using the world standard population with the direct method proposed by SEGI. Joinpoint regression analysis was performed to examine mortality trends. We used a Cluster Map to explore relationships among regions between 2015 and 2019. RESULTS: Ecuador reported 13,419 deaths by prostate cancer between 2004 and 2019, with the Coastal region accounting for 49.8% of the total deaths. The mean age at death was 79 years (± 10 years), 91.7% were elderly (more than 65 years old) and had primary education (53%). Deaths by prostate cancer were more frequently reported among mestizos (81.4%). There were no significant variations in these percentages in Ecuador and its regions during the study period. Carchi province had the highest mortality rate in 2005 and 2019 (> 13 deaths per 100,000). Heterogeneity in the evolution of mortality rates was reported among the provinces of Ecuador. Azuay decreased in the first few years, and then increased from 2010 to 2019, whereas Guayas and Pichincha decreased throughout the whole period. CONCLUSION: Although prostate cancer mortality rates in Ecuador have remained stable over the past few decades, there are significant disparities among the different regions. These findings suggest the need for the development of national and provincial registration measures, integrated healthcare actions, and targeted interventions to reduce the burden of prostate cancer in the Ecuadorian population.

Síndrome HELLP y rotura hepática en un embarazo gemelar: presentación de un caso / HeLLP Syndrome and Hepatic Rupture in a Twin Pregnancy: A Case Report / Síndrome HeLLP e ruptura hepática em gestação gemelar: relato de caso

Introducción: el síndrome HELLP y rotura hepática es una complicación poco frecuente, especialmente en casos de embarazo gemelar. Se presenta el caso de un hematoma subcapsular hepático roto por síndrome HELLP que complicó un embarazo gemelar que requirió una cesárea de emergencia y para el manejo de la hipovolemia, el empaquetamiento hepático. Presentación del caso: mujer de 41 años, con gestación gemelar de 35 semanas, quien acudió al servicio de emergencia, por contracciones uterinas y ausencia de movimientos fetales. Ante una bradicardia severa de ambos fetos, se optó por una cesárea de urgencia. Al abrir la cavidad abdominal, se encontró hemoperitoneo y se logró extraer ambos fetos vivos. Se realizó una laparotomía media, supra e infraumbilical exploradora (poscesárea) y se halló una rotura hepática del lóbulo derecho. Se procedió a un empaquetamiento hepático con compresas y cierre temporal abdominal; entre tanto, el manejo del shock hipovolémico y la preeclampsia se continuó en la unidad de cuidados intensivos. La paciente se fue de alta en buenas condiciones a los 21 días. Conclusión: el síndrome HELLP produce complicaciones graves, como rotura hepática, que si no es tratada de forma correcta, temprana y multidisciplinaria, puede llevar a producir mortalidad materno-perinatal.

Introduction: HELLP syndrome and hepatic rupture are rare complications, especially in the case of twin pregnancy. Here, we present a case of ruptured hepatic subcapsular hematoma due to HELLP syndrome that caused complication in a twin pregnancy. This case required emergency Cesarean section and management of hypo- volemia hepatic packing. Case presentation: A 41-year-old female pregnant with twins (35 weeks) came to the emergency room for uterine contractions and absence of fetal movements. Due to severe bradycardia in both fetuses, emergency Cesarean section was performed. When the abdominal cavity was opened, hemoperitoneum was found, and both fetuses were extracted alive. A median, supra-, and infraumbilical exploratory laparotomy (post Cesarean section) was performed, and right lobe hepatic rupture was found. Subsequently, hepatic packing with compression and temporary abdominal closure was performed. Hypovolemic shock and preeclampsia was continuously managed in the intensive care unit. At 21 days, the patient was discharged in good condition. Conclusion: HELLP syndrome causes serious complications, such as hepatic rupture, which may lead to maternal and perinatal mortality if not correctly treated early in a multidisciplinary manner.

Introdução: a síndrome HELLP e a ruptura hepática são complicações raras, especialmente em casos de gravidez gemelar. Neste artigo, apresentamos o caso de um hematoma subcapsular hepático rompido devido à síndrome HELLP que complicou uma gravidez gemelar que exigiu uma cesariana de emergência e tamponamento hepático para o manejo da hipovolemia. Apresentação do caso: mulher, 41 anos, gestação gemelar de 35 semanas, recorre ao pronto-socorro por contrações uterinas e ausência de movimentos fetais. Devido à bradicardia grave em ambos os fetos, foi decidida uma cesariana de emergência. Ao abrir a cavidade abdominal o hemoperitônio é localizado, sendo possível extrair ambos os fetos vivos. Foi realizada laparotomia exploradora mediana, supra e infraumbilical (pós-cesariana) sendo constatada ruptura hepática do lobo direito. Foi realizado tamponamento hepático com compressas e fechamento abdominal temporário, e o manejo do choque hipovolêmico e da pré-eclâmpsia foi mantido na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, onde a paciente recebeu alta em boas condições após 21 dias. Conclusão: a síndrome HELLP produz complicações graves como a ruptura hepática que, se não tratada de forma precoce e multidisciplinar, pode levar à mortalidade materna perinatal.

Cervical cancer mortality among young women in Latin America and the Caribbean: trend analysis from 1997 to 2030.

BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer continues to show a high burden among young women worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Limited data is available describing cervical cancer mortality among young women in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). The purpose of this study was to examine the mortality trends of cervical cancer among young women in LAC and predict mortality rates to 2030. METHODS: Deaths from cervical cancer were obtained from the World Health Organization mortality database. Age-standardized mortality rates per 100,000 women-years were estimated in women aged 20-44 years using the world standard population for 16 countries (and territories) in LAC from 1997 to 2017. We estimated the average mortality rates for the last 4 years (2014-2017). Joinpoint regression models were used to identify significant changes in mortality trends. Nordpred method was used for the prediction of the mortality rates to 2030. RESULTS: Between 2014 and 2017, Paraguay and Venezuela had the highest mortality rates of cervical cancer, whereas Puerto Rico had the lowest rates. Overall, most of the LAC countries showed downward trends of cervical cancer mortality over the entire period. Significant decreases were observed in Chile (Average annual percent change [AAPC]: - 2.4%), Colombia (AAPC: - 2.0%), Cuba (AAPC: - 3.6%), El Salvador (AAPC: - 3.1%), Mexico (AAPC: - 3.9%), Nicaragua (AAPC: - 1.7%), Panama (AAPC: - 1.7%), and Peru (AAPC: - 2.2%). In contrast, Brazil (AAPC: + 0.8%) and Paraguay (AAPC: + 3.7%) showed significant upward trends. By 2030, mortality rates are not predicted to further decrease in some LAC countries, including Argentina, Paraguay, and Venezuela. CONCLUSIONS: Mortality trends of cervical cancer among young women have large variability in LAC countries. Cervical cancer screening programs have a high priority for the region. Primary and secondary prevention in the community are necessary to accelerate a reduction of cervical cancer mortality by 2030.

Cervical cancer mortality in Peru: regional trend analysis from 2008-2017.

BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related death among Latin American women. Peru has the sixth highest mortality rate for cervical cancer in the region with regional variations. We aimed to determine overall and regional cervical cancer mortality rates and trends in Peru between 2008 and 2017. METHODS: We performed an ecological study on the number of deaths by cervical cancer in Peru. Deaths were extracted from the Peruvian Ministry of Health mortality database. Age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) were estimated per 100,000 women-years using the world standard Segi population. We computed mortality trends using the Joinpoint regression program, estimating the annual percent change (APC). For spatial analysis, GeoDA software was used. RESULTS: Peru showed downward trends in the last decade (from 11.62 in 2008 to 9.69 in 2017 (APC = - 2.2, 95% CI: - 4.3, - 0.1, p < 0.05). According to regional-specific analysis, the highest ASMR was in the rainforest region, although this declined from 34.16 in 2008 to 17.98 in 2017 (APC = - 4.3, 95% CI: - 7.2, - 1.3, p < 0.01). Concerning spatial analysis and clustering, the mortality rates from 2008 to 2017 showed a positive spatial autocorrelation and significant clustering (Moran's I: 0.35, p < 0.001) predominantly in the neighboring North-East departments (Loreto, Ucayali, and San Martin). CONCLUSIONS: Although mortality trends in the entire population are decreasing, mortality rates remain very high, mainly in the rainforest region. Our results encourage a need for further development and improvement of the current health care delivery system in Peru.

Breast cancer mortality trends in Peruvian women.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy in Latin American women, but with a wide variability with respect to their mortality. This study aims to estimate the mortality rates from BC in Peruvian women and to assess mortality trends over 15 years. METHODS: We calculated BC age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) per 100,000 women-years using the world standard SEGI population. We estimated joinpoint regression models for BC in Peru and its geographical areas. The spatial analysis was performed using the Moran's I statistic. RESULTS: In a 15-year period, Peru had a mortality rate of 9.97 per 100,000 women-years. The coastal region had the highest mortality rate (12.15 per 100,000 women-years), followed by the highlands region (4.71 per 100,000 women-years). In 2003, the highest ASMR for BC were in the provinces of Lima, Arequipa, and La Libertad (above 8.0 per 100,000 women-years), whereas in 2017, the highest ASMR were in Tumbes, Callao, and Moquegua (above 13.0 per women-years). The mortality trend for BC has been declining in the coastal region since 2005 (APC = - 1.35, p < 0.05), whereas the highlands region experienced an upward trend throughout the study period (APC = 4.26, p < 0.05). The rainforest region had a stable trend. Spatial analysis showed a Local Indicator of Spatial Association of 0.26 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: We found regional differences in the mortality trends over 15 years. Although the coastal region experienced a downward trend, the highlands had an upward mortality trend in the entire study period. It is necessary to implement tailored public health interventions to reduce BC mortality in Peru.

Salud autopercibida en trabajadores de enfermería del primer nivel de atención, durante la pandemia de COVID-19 / Self-perceived health in primary care nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic

Objetivo: Conocer los niveles de salud autopercibida en trabajadores de enfermería del primer nivel de atención, durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de tipo descriptivo y transversal, realizado en 32 establecimientos de primer nivel de atención de la Red de salud Ica, durante junio y julio del 2020. La muestra estuvo representada por 166 participantes entre enfermeros y técnicos de enfermería. Se recolectaron datos sociodemográficos y se administró el Cuestionario de Salud General de Goldberg de 12 preguntas. Se describieron las variables del estudio y se aplicó Chi-cuadrado para evaluar diferencias. Resultados: De los participantes, fueron de sexo femenino (80,7%); función del cargo enfermero (56,0%); condición laboral nombrado (67,5%) y grupo de edad 41 a 50 años (41,0%). La prevalencia autopercibida de mala salud, fue del 50%; las diferencias resultaron significativas según el sexo y función del cargo; no obstante en la condición laboral y los grupos de edad, las diferencias no fueron significativas. Los resultados varían según disforia general (ansiedad y depresión) y disfunción social o mal funcionamiento social. Conclusiones: Durante la pandemia de COVID-19, el nivel de mala salud autopercibida es de tendencia alta, existen diferencias estadísticas en algunas variables sociodemográficas. Es necesario promover acciones conjuntas que contribuyan al bienestar del trabajador de enfermería. (AU)

Objective: Know the levels of self-perceived health in primary care nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods: Descriptive and transversal study, carried out in 32 primary care facilities of the Ica Health Network, during June and July 2020. The sample was represented by 166 participants, including nurses and nursing technicians. Sociodemographic data were collected and the 12-question Goldberg General Health Questionnaire was administered. Study variables were described and Chi-square was applied to evaluate differences. Results: Of the participants, they were female (80.7%); function of the nursing position (56.0%); appointed working condition (67.5%) and age group 41 to 50 years old (41.0%). The self-perceived prevalence of ill health was 50%; the differences were significant according to sex and function of the position; however, in the working condition and age groups, the differences were not significant. Results vary according to general dysphoria (anxiety and depression) and social dysfunction or social malfunction. Conclusions: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the level of self-perceived ill health is high, there are statistical differences in some sociodemographic variables. It is necessary to promote joint actions that contribute to the well-being of nursing personnel. (AU)

Índice de pulsatilidad de la arteria uterina entre las 11 y 14 semanas de gestación, como predictor de preeclampsia / Pulsatility index of the uterine artery between 11 and 14 weeks of gestation, as a predicator of preeclampsia

Introducción: El índice de pulsatilidad de la arteria uterina puede usarse para estimar el riesgo de preeclampsia. En el segundo y tercer trimestre del embarazo. Objetivo: Generar conocimiento sobre el índice de pulsatilidad de las arterias uterinas en la predicción de la preeclampsia en gestantes entre 11 y 14 semanas. Materiales y métodos: Es un estudio descriptivo de búsqueda bibliografía y se ha realizado en Pubmed, Medline, Scielo, bibliotecas de universidades nacionales e internacionales. Resultados: La media del índice de pulsatilidad en las gestantes con preeclampsia encontrado fue variada que va de 1.92 a 2.41, teniendo como puntos de corte de IP > 1.71 (p<0,05), en el doppler color de la arteria uterina a las 11-14 semanas de gestación. La asociación de pre-eclampsia según el índice de pulsatilidad de la arteria uterina entre las 11 y 14 semanas, es un buen método para el cribado de mujeres en riesgo de desarrollar preeclampsia, ya que presenta una sensibilidad, especificidad, VPP y VPN variada, pero suficiente para aceptarlo como método predictor de pre-eclampsia. Conclusiones: Existe suficiente evidencia que concluye que el uso del índice de pulsatilidad por ecografía doppler de la arteria uterina es un método adecuado para la detección a las 11 a 14 semanas de gestación en mujeres para desarrollar pre-eclampsia. (AU)

Introduction: The pulsatility index of the uterine artery can be used to estimate the risk of preeclampsia. In the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Objective: To generate knowledge about the pulsatility index of the uterine arteries in the prediction of preeclampsia in pregnant women between 11 and 14 weeks. Materials and methods: It is a descriptive study of literature search and has been carried out in Pubmed, Medline, Scielo, libraries of national and international universities. Results: The average pulsatility index in pregnant women with pre-eclampsia was varied ranging from 1.92 to 2.41, having as cut-off points of IP> 1.71 (p <0.05), in the color doppler of the uterine artery at 11- 14 weeks gestation. The association of pre-eclampsia according to the pulsatility index of the uterine artery between 11 and 14 weeks, is a good method for screening women at risk of developing preeclampsia, since it has a varied sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV, but enough to accept it as a predictive method of pre-eclampsia. Conclusions: There is sufficient evidence to conclude that the use of the pulsatility index by Doppler ultrasound of the uterine artery is a suitable method for detection at 11 to 14 weeks gestation in women to develop pre-eclampsia. (AU)

Uso de micronutrientes y grado de anemia en niños menores de 3 años atendidos en un centro de salud Ica 2017 / Use of micronutrients and degree of anemia in children under 3 years old attended at a center health Ica 2017

Objetivo: Determinar el uso de los micronutrientes y grado de anemia en niños menores de 3 años atendidos en un Centro de Salud de Ica 2017. Materiales y métodos: El estudio fue cuantitativo, de tipo descriptivo, y transversal, la muestra estuvo conformada por 40 niños menores de tres años con sus respectivas madres, la técnica que se utilizó fue la observación y el análisis documental. Resultados: En relación a los datos generales de la madre, el 47.5% (19) tienen 19 a 34 años, el 50% (20) tienen instrucción superior, el 40% (16) son solteras y el 57.5% (23) trabaja fuera de casa; sobre los datos del niño, el 55% (22) tienen de 6 a 12 meses, el 72.5% (29) recibió solo lactancia materna hasta los seis meses y el 100% (40) inició la alimentación complementaria a los 6 meses. El uso de micronutrientes es adecuado en el 82.5% (33) de las madres y es inadecuado en el 17.5% (07). Según valores de hemoglobina, el 62.5% (25) de los niños no presentan anemia, el 37.5% (15) presentan anemia leve, no encontrando niños con anemia moderada ni anemia severa. Conclusiones: El uso de micronutrientes que administran las madres a sus niños es adecuado y los niños no presentan anemia en su mayoría, existiendo porcentajes menores de niños con anemia leve por lo que se sugiere que se continúe con el abastecimiento continuo de los micronutrientes realizando campañas educativas a fin de comprometer a las madres en la administración correcta de los micronutrientes en sus menores hijos aprovechando los momentos de contacto con las madres para la educación respectiva en las sala de espera, durante sus controles de inmunizaciones, controles CRED, y realizar un monitoreo periódico del control de hemoglobina. (AU)

Objective: To determine the use of micronutrients and the degree of anemia in children under 3 years of age served in an Ica Health Center 2017. Materials and methods: The study was quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional, the sample consisted of 40 children under three years with their respective mothers, the technique used was observation and documentary analysis. Results: In relation to the general data of the mother, 47.5% (19) are 19 to 34 years old, 50% (20) have higher education, 40% (16) are single and 57.5% (23) work ; On the data of the child, 55% (22) have from 6 to 12 months, 72.5% (29) received only breastfeeding until six months and 100% (40) started complementary feeding at 6 months. The use of micronutrients is adequate in 82.5% (33) of mothers and is inadequate in 17.5% (07). According to hemoglobin values, 62.5% (25) of the children do not have anemia, 37.5% (15) have mild anemia, and there are no children with moderate anemia or severe anemia. Conclusions: The use of micronutrients administered by mothers to their children is mostly adequate and children do not have anemia in their majority. There are smaller percentages of children with mild anemia, so it is suggested that continuous supply of the micronutrients conducting educational campaigns in order to engage mothers in the correct administration of micronutrients in their younger children, taking advantage of the moments of contact with mothers for the respective education in the waiting room, during their immunization controls, CRED controls, and perform periodic monitoring of hemoglobin control. (AU)

Relación entre citología, biopsia y colposcopía en cáncer cérvico uterino / Relationship between cytology, biopsy and colposcopy in cervical cancer

Objetivo: Determinar la relación que existe entre citología, biopsia y colposcopia en cáncer cérvico uterino. Materiales y métodos: : Es un estudio, descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo..Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de los artículos publicados en los últimos 5 años, y de otros originales teniendo en cuenta su nivel de evidencia médica I - II. Se utilizaron los buscadores de la biblioteca Cochrane, Dynamed, Evidence-Based Medicine Updates, New England Journal of Medicine, J Clinical Oncology, Medscape, PubMed, PubMed Central y artículos de la Agencia Internacional del Cáncer de Francia. Se revisaron los siguientes aspectos: Definiciones, epidemiología, etiología, factores de riesgo, citología, colposcopia, histopatología, clasificaciones, estadios clínicos, tratamientos, prevención, promoción de salud y problemas sociales. Resultados: En Europa, se encontró una concordancia insignificante entre citología - colposcopia (k=0,16; IC 95% 0,09-0,22); una concordancia moderada entre colposcopia - biopsia (k=0,57; IC 95% 0,47-0,68); y una concordancia insignificante entre citología - biopsia (k=0,21; IC 95% 0,08-0,34). ; En América Latina; se observó: la citología S: 80% y E: 56.6%; la colposcopia mostró S: 72,7% y E: 71,4%. La colposcopia mostró mayor correlación diagnóstica que la citología cervical en lesiones pre malignas de cáncer cervico uterino. La relación colpo-histológica mostró un 87,5% de coincidencias en las LIE bajo grado y en las LIE de alto grado un 71,4%. Perú 2017, citología mostró una S: 69% y E: 40%; colposcopía S: 86% y E: 44%. La relación citología - colposcopia S: 96% y E: 19%. Existe una asociación estadísticamente significativa de los resultados de la anatomía patológica con los hallazgos colposcópicos y del PAP (P<0.05) .La citología - colposcopia para lesiones precursoras y malignas de cáncer de cuello uterino moderada concordancia (Kappa: 0.4549); débil concordancia entre la citología - histología (Kappa: 0.3889) y buena concordancia entre la colposcopía - histología (Kappa: 0.6191). Trabajos Regionales Los hallazgos anátomo-patológicos fueron: 25,9% carcinomas invasivos y el 74,1% lesiones intraepiteliales de alto de malignidad. Conclusiones: La citología y la colposcopía han demostrado tener una utilidad clínica para la detección precoz de displasia moderada, displasia severa, carcinoma in situ y carcinoma escamoso invasor. Aunque no se obtuvo una adecuada correlación colpo-citológica, la correlación cito-histológica fue muy elevada tanto en las lesiones intraepiteliales de bajo grado como en las de alto grado. (AU)

Objective: To determine the relationship between cytology, biopsy and colposcopy in cervical cancer. Materials and methods: It is a descriptive, transversal and retrospective study. A bibliographic review of the articles published in the last 5 years, and of other originals taking into account their level of medical evidence I - II was made. We used search engines from the Cochrane library, Dynamed, Evidence-Based Medicine Updates, New England Journal of Medicine, J Clinical Oncology, Medscape, PubMed, PubMed Central and articles from the International Cancer Agency of France. The following aspects were reviewed: Definitions, epidemiology, etiology, risk factors, cytology, colposcopy, histopathology, classifications, clinical stages, treatments, prevention, health promotion and social problems Discussion: In Europe, insignificant concordance was found between cytology - colposcopy (k = 0.16, 95% CI 0.09-0.22); a moderate agreement between colposcopy - biopsy (k = 0.57, 95% CI 0.47-0.68); and an insignificant concordance between cytology - biopsy (k = 0.21, 95% CI 0.08-0.34). ; In Latin America; it was observed: cytology S: 80% and E: 56.6%; colposcopy showed S: 72.7% and E: 71.4%. Colposcopy showed a greater diagnostic correlation than cervical cytology in pre malignant lesions of uterine cervical cancer. The colpo-histological relationship showed 87.5% of coincidences in the low-grade IELs and 71.4% in the high-grade IELs. Peru 2017, cytology showed an S: 69% and E: 40%; Colposcopy S: 86% and E: 44%. The relationship cytology - colposcopy S: 96% and E: 19%. There is a statistically significant association of the results of the pathological anatomy with the colposcopic and PAP findings (P <0.05). Cytology - colposcopy for precursor and malignant lesions of moderate cervical cancer concordance (Kappa: 0.4549); weak concordance between cytology - histology (Kappa: 0.3889) and good agreement between colposcopy - histology (Kappa: 0.6191). Regional Workings The anatomopathological findings were: 25.9% invasive carcinomas and 74.1% intraepithelial lesions of high of malignancy. Conclusions:Cytology and colposcopy have been shown to be clinically useful for the early detection of moderate dysplasia, severe dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, and invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Although an adequate colpo-cytological correlation was not obtained, the cyto-histological correlation was very high in both low-grade and high-grade intraepithelial lesions. (AU)

Factores clínico epidemiológicos del cáncer de cuello uterino en el Hospital Santa María del Socorro. Ica, Perú / Clinical epidemiological factors of cervical cancer in Santa María del Socorro Hospital. Ica, Peru

Objetivos: Determinar los factores clínicoepidemiológicos más frecuentes del cáncer de cuello uterino (CCU) en el Hospital Santa María del Socorro. Ica, Perú. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de serie de casos, la población de pacientes estuvo conformado por 46 de los cuales 27 pacientes cumplían con los criterios de inclusión (biopsia de cérvix compatible con CCU), diagnosticado entre el año 2008 al 2010. Se revisaron las historias clínicas y llenaron las fichas de recolección de datos correspondientes. Los datos fueron procesados en el programa Microsoft Excel 2000. Se realizó el análisis estadístico descriptivo correspondiente en base a medidas de tendencia central, porcentajes y frecuencias. Resultados: Las características epidemiológicas más frecuentes fueron: edad media de 47,2±8.7 años, mayores de 35 años (77,8%), convivientes (40.8%), instrucción secundaria (48,2%), procedían del área urbana (70,4%), nivel socioeconómico familiar medio (44,5%). Los hallazgos anatomopatológicos fueron: 25,9% carcinomas invasivos y el 74,1% lesiones intraepiteliales de alto de malignidad. Las características ginecoobstétricas predominantes fueron: multigestas (59,3%), multíparas (55,6%) y menarquía igual o mayor de 15 años (25,9% y 33,3% respectivamente). El sintoma clínico más frecuente fue sangrado post-coital (29.2%). El antecedente de familiar con CCU fue de 7.4%, y el 85.2% no tuvo controles previos con Papanicolau (PAP). Conclusiones: El CCU es una enfermedad con múltiples factores clínicos epidemiológicos en la que existe la necesidad desarrollar una amplia cobertura de diagnóstico de enfermedades preneoplásicas y neoplásicas periódicas en la población a fin de un diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno. (AU)

Objectives: To determine the most frequent cervical (CCU) cancer in the Santa María del Socorro Hospital clinical and epidemiological factors. Ica, Peru. Material and Methods: A case series was per-formed, the patient population was they made up 46 of which 27 patients met the inclusion criteria (biopsy compatible cervix with CCU), diagnosed between 2008 and 2010. We reviewed the medical records and filled sheets corresponding data collection. Data were processed in Microsoft Excel 2000 program the corresponding descriptive statistical analysis was performed based on measures of central tendency, percentages and frequencies. Results: The most common epidemiological characteristics were: mean age of 47.2 ± 8.7 years, older than 35 years (77.8%), partners (40.8%), secondary education (48.2%) came fromurban areas ( 70.4%), median family socioeconomic status (44.5%). The pathological findings were invasive carcinomas 25.9% and 74.1% intraepithelial lesions of malignancy. The predominant gynecological and obstetric characteristics were multiparous (59.3%), multiparous (55.6%) and menarche equal to or greater than 15 years (25.9% and 33.3% respectively). The most common clinical symptom was post-coital (29.2%)bleeding. The family history with CCU was 7.4%, and 85.2% had no prior checks with Papanicolaou (PAP). Conclusions: The CCU is a disease with multiple clínicosepidemiológicos factors in which there is a need to develop a comprehensive coverage of periodic diagnostic preneoplastic and neoplastic diseases in the population to diagnosis and treatment. (AU)