Does the time interval from neoadjuvant camrelizumab combined with chemotherapy to surgery affect outcomes for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma?

BACKGROUND: There is currently no consensus on the optimal interval time between neoadjuvant therapy and surgery, and whether prolonged time interval from neoadjuvant therapy to surgery results in bad outcomes for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In this study, we aim to evaluate outcomes of time intervals ≤ 8 weeks and > 8 weeks in locally advanced ESCC. METHODS: This retrospective study consecutively included ESCC patients who received esophagectomy after neoadjuvant camrelizumab combined with chemotherapy at the Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine. The primary endpoints were disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS), while the secondary endpoints were pathological response, surgical outcomes, and postoperative complications. RESULTS: From 2019 to 2021, a total of 80 patients were included in our study and were divided into two groups according to the time interval from neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy to surgery: ≤ 8 weeks group (n = 44) and > 8 weeks group (n = 36). The rate of MPR in the ≤ 8 weeks group was 25.0% and 27.8% in the > 8 weeks group (P = 0.779). The rate of pCR in the ≤ 8 weeks group was 11.4%, with 16.7% in the > 8 weeks group (P = 0.493). The incidence of postoperative complications in the ≤ 8 weeks group was 27.3% and 19.4% in the > 8 weeks group (P = 0.413). The median DFS in the two groups had not yet reached (hazard ratio [HR], 3.153; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.383 to 6.851; P = 0.004). The median OS of ≤ 8 weeks group was not achieved (HR, 3.703; 95% CI 1.584 to 8.657; P = 0.0012), with the > 8 weeks group 31.6 months (95% CI 21.1 to 42.1). In multivariable analysis, inferior DFS and OS were observed in patients with interval time > 8 weeks (HR, 2.992; 95% CI 1.306 to 6.851; and HR, 3.478; 95% CI 1.481 to 8.170, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Locally advanced ESCC patients with time interval from neoadjuvant camrelizumab combined with chemotherapy to surgery > 8 weeks were associated with worse long-term survival.

BZW2 Modulates Lung Adenocarcinoma Progression through Glycolysis-Mediated IDH3G Lactylation Modification.

Histone lactylation (Hla) is a metabolically stress-related histone modification that featured in specific gene expression regulation. However, the role of Hla in the pathogenesis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains unexplored. Through bioinformatics analysis, we found that BZW2 exhibited an elevated level of expression in LUAD tissues, which was associated with a poor prognosis. Flow cytometry and TUNEL assay were used to analyze the apoptosis of LUAD cells and tissues, respectively. The effect of the cell function experiment on the LUAD cell phenotype was analyzed. An XF 96 Extracellular Flux Analyzer measured the ECAR value, and kits were used to detect lactate production and glucose consumption. Animal experiments were performed for further verification. Cell experiments showed that BZW2 fostered the malignant progression of LUAD by promoting glycolysis-mediated lactate production and lactylation of IDH3G. In a compelling in vivo validation, the inhibition of Hla could suppress the malignant progression of LUAD. Knockdown of BZW2 combined with 2-DG treatment significantly repressed tumor growth in mice. BZW2 could regulate the progression of LUAD through glycolysis-mediated IDH3G lactylation, offering a theoretical basis for the targeted treatment of LUAD with glycolysis and Hla.

Efficacy of 3rd generation TKI in patients with EGFR mutation lung adenocarcinoma with bone metastases: A review of 3 case reports and literature.

RATIONALE: With the advancement of targeted therapies, epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors have become the preferred initial treatment for patients with advanced epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated non-small cell lung cancer. Osimertinib, a third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is effective against exon 19 and 21 mutations as well as the T790M mutation. It has been approved by both the food and drug administration and European Medicines Agency for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer patients with locally advanced or metastatic EGFR-mutated tumors, including those who have acquired T790M mutations. PATIENT CONCERNS: To evaluate the effectiveness of osimertinib in treating patients with EGFR-mutated advanced lung adenocarcinoma and bone metastases, we present the treatment outcomes of 3 patients with EGFR 19 deletion-mutated advanced lung adenocarcinoma and bone metastases who received osimertinib treatment in recent years. All 3 cases involved elderly female patients, aged 62, 62, and 54, respectively. DIAGNOSES: All 3 cases exhibited a diagnosis of pulmonary adenocarcinoma accompanied by osseous metastases, with genetic testing revealing the presence of an EGFR 19del mutation. INTERVENTIONS: In the first case, following 17 months of gefitinib therapy, disease progression prompted a switch to osimertinib treatment. In the second case, bone metastases were detected after 20 months of pemetrexed-carboplatin chemotherapy, leading to a transition to osimertinib therapy. In the third case, after 11 months of erlotinib treatment, bone metastases were identified. Subsequent interventions, including radiation therapy, pemetrexed-carboplatin chemotherapy, pemetrexed-bevacizumab maintenance therapy, and docetaxel chemotherapy, failed to arrest the progression of bone metastases. As a result, a combination of osimertinib and anlotinib targeted therapy was administered. OUTCOMES: All 3 patients experienced relatively good and favorable survival outcomes, with a progression-free survival of 22.7 months, 12 months, and 17.7 months, respectively. LESSONS: These cases suggest that osimertinib is a promising treatment option for patients with EGFR 19 deletion-mutated lung adenocarcinoma and bone metastases, although further clinical studies are needed to confirm its efficacy.

Characterization of 3D-Bioprinted In Vitro Lung Cancer Models Using RNA-Sequencing Techniques.

OBJECTIVE: To construct an in vitro lung cancer model using 3D bioprinting and evaluate the feasibility of the model. Transcriptome sequencing was used to compare the differential genes and functions of 2D and 3D lung cancer cells. METHODS: 1. A549 cells were mixed with sodium alginate/gelatine/fibrinogen as 3D-printed biological ink to construct a hydrogel scaffold for the in vitro model of lung cancer; 2. A hydrogel scaffold was printed using a extrusion 3D bioprinter; 3. The printed lung cancer model was evaluated in vitro; and 4. A549 cells cultured in 2D and 3D tumour models in vitro were collected, and RNA-seq conducted bioinformatics analysis. RESULTS: 1. The in vitro lung cancer model printed using 3D-bioprinting technology was a porous microstructure model, suitable for the survival of A549 cells. Compared with the 2D cell-line model, the 3D model is closer to the fundamental human growth environment; 2. There was no significant difference in cell survival rate between the 2D and 3D groups; 3. In the cell proliferation rate measurement, it was found that the cells in the 2D group had a speedy growth rate in the first five days, but after five days, the growth rate slowed down. Cell proliferation showed a declining process after the ninth day of cell culture. However, cells in the 3D group showed a slow growth process at the beginning, and the growth rate reached a peak on the 12th day. Then, the growth rate showed a downward trend; and 4. RNA-seq compared A549 cells from 2D and 3D lung cancer models. A total of 3112 genes were differentially expressed, including 1189 up-regulated and 1923 down-regulated genes, with p-value ≤ 0.05 and |Log2Ratio| ≥ 1 as screening conditions. After functional enrichment analysis of differential genes, these differential genes affect the biological regulation of A549 cells, thus promoting lung cancer progression. CONCLUSION: This study uses 3D-bioprinting technology to construct a tumour model of lung cancer that can grow sustainably in vitro. Three-dimensional bioprinting may provide a new research platform for studying the lung cancer TME mechanism and anticancer drug screening.

Associations between serum total cholesterol level and bone mineral density in older adults.

BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis is a major clinical problem in elderly men and women. The correlation between total cholesterol and bone mineral density remains controversial. NHANES is the cornerstone for national nutrition monitoring to inform nutrition and health policy. METHODS: Sample sizes and the location of the study and the time when it was conducted: we obtained 4236 non-cancer elderly from NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) database from 1999 to 2006. Data were analyzed with the use of the statistical packages R and EmpowerStats. We analyzed the relationship between total cholesterol and lumbar bone mineral density. We performed research population description, stratified analysis, single factor analysis, multiple equation regression analysis, smooth curve fitting, and threshold effect and saturation effect analysis. RESULTS: A significant negative association between serum cholesterol levels and bone mineral density of the lumbar spine in US non cancer affected older adults aged 60 years or older. Older adults ≥ 70 years of age had an inflection point at 280 mg / dl, and those with moderate physical activity had an inflection point at 199 mg / dl, The smooth curves they fitted were all U-shaped. CONCLUSIONS: There is a negative association between total cholesterol and lumbar spine bone mineral density in non-cancer elderly greater than or equal to 60 years of age.

Serum lactate dehydrogenase is associated with impaired lung function: NHANES 2011-2012.

BACKGROUND: Serum lactate dehydrogenase levels reflect disease status in a variety of organs, but its role in indicating pulmonary function is not yet clear. Therefore, this study explored the correlation between pulmonary function and serum lactate dehydrogenase, and investigated thresholds for changes in pulmonary function indicators in the total population as well as in different strata of the population. METHODS: Based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2012 (n = 3453), univariate and stratified analyses were performed to investigate factors associated with pulmonary function, and multiple regression analysis was used to further investigate the specific relationship with serum lactate dehydrogenase. Smoothed curve fitting, threshold effect and saturation effect analysis were used to explore the threshold level of serum lactate dehydrogenase at the onset of changes in pulmonary function indicators. RESULTS: Adjusted smoothed curve fit plots showed a linear relationship between serum lactate dehydrogenase levels and forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in one second: for each 1 U/L increase in serum lactate dehydrogenase levels, forced vital capacity decreased by 1.24 mL (95% CI = -2.05, -0.42, P = 0.0030) and forced expiratory volume in one second by 1.11 mL (95% CI = -1.82, -0.39, P = 0.0025). CONCLUSIONS: Serum lactate dehydrogenase was negatively and linearly correlated with pulmonary function indices in the total population analyzed. Based on the total population and different population stratifications, this study determined the threshold values of serum lactate dehydrogenase at the onset of decline of pulmonary function in different populations. This provides a new serological monitoring indicator for patients suffering from respiratory diseases and has implications for patients with possible clinical impairment of pulmonary function. However, our cross-sectional study was not able to determine a causal relationship between these two factors, and further research is needed.

Better survival and prognosis in SCLC survivors after combined second primary malignancies: A SEER database-based study.

With recent advances in treatment modalities, the survival time for patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) has increased, along with the likelihood of recurrence of a second primary tumor. However, patient treatment options and prognosis remain uncertain. This research evaluated the survival rates of patients with SCLC with a second malignancy, aiming to provide new insights and statistics on whether to proceed with more active therapy. SCLC patients were selected based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, updated on April 15, 2021. We defined those with SCLC followed by other cancers (1st of 2 or more primaries) in the sequence number as S-second primary malignant cancer (S-SPM). Those who had other cancers followed by SCLC (2nd of 2 or more primaries) were defined as OC-SCLC. We performed Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, life table analysis, univariate analysis, stratified analysis, and multiple regression analysis of patient data. We considered the difference statistically meaningful at P < .05. After selection, data for 88,448 participants from the SEER database was included in our analysis. The mean survival time for patients with S-SPM was 69.349 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 65.939, 72.759), and the medium duration of survival was 34 months (95% CI: 29.900, 38.100). Univariate analysis showed that for overall survival, the hazard ratio (HR) of S-SPM was 0.367 (95% CI: 0.351, 0.383), which was 0.633 lower than that of patients with solitary SCLC and 0.606 lower than that of patients with OC-SCLC. For cancer-specific survival (CSS), the HR of S-SPM was 0.285 (95% CI: 0.271, 0.301), which was 0.715 lower than for patients with solitary SCLC and 0.608 lower than that for patients with OC-SCLC. Multiple regression analysis showed that the HR values of S-SPM were lower than those of patients with single SCLC and those with OC-SCLC, before and after adjustment for variables. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that patients with S-SPM had significantly better survival times than the other groups. The survival time and prognosis of patients with S-SPM were clearly superior to those with single SCLC and OC-SCLC.

One-stage resection of four genotypes of bilateral multiple primary lung adenocarcinoma: A case report.

BACKGROUND: The incidence of multiple primary lung cancer (MPLC) in China is 0.52%-2.45%. Most primary lung cancer cases have reported two lesions or three in rare cases. We report a rare case of bilateral simultaneous multiple primary lung adenocarcinoma of four different genotypes. CASE SUMMARY: A 58-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital on June 29, 2021, and upon physical examination, four multiple pulmonary nodules were identified in both lungs. Further computed tomography (CT) images revealed the presence of ground glass nodules, predicted to be high-risk cancer lesions by artificial intelligence. With the guidance of three-dimensional reconstruction of preoperative CT images, the nodules were resected under thoracoscopy. Postoperative pathological investigation revealed that the nodule types were adenocarcinoma in situ, invasive alveolar adenocarcinoma, and microinvasive adenocarcinoma. The excised nodules were further sequenced using high-throughput sequencing (semiconductor sequencing method) of 26 lung cancer genes to confirm that the four lesions were not homologous. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 8, that is, on July 15, 2021. One month later, she returned to the hospital for follow-up and reexamination. Chest CT examination showed that she had recovered well, and no obvious exudation and effusion were found in both pleural cavities. Evaluation of postoperative pulmonary function showed that her forced vital capacity was 1.40 L (preoperative value, 2.27 L) and forced expiratory volume was 1.24 L (preoperative value, 2.23 L). CONCLUSION: The surgical plan for multiple pulmonary nodules should be carefully considered. For carefully selected patients with concurrently occurring multiple lung nodules in both lungs, sublobectomy is a safe and feasible plan for concurrent bilateral resection of the lesions. Genetic sequencing is necessary for MPLC diagnosis and treatment.

Surgery offers survival advantage over radiotherapy in patients who are 80 years and older with Stage I and II NSCLC: A retrospective cohort study of 7,045 patients.

Objective: Elderly people are less likely than younger patients to undergo curative surgery for early-stage lung cancer because of the greater risk of surgery and postoperative complications. We investigated the relationship between treatment modality and the risk of all-cause and lung cancer-specific mortality to compare the efficacy of surgical treatment with radiotherapy in patients with stage I and II non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who were ≥80 years old. Methods: We extracted data from the most recent Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 9 registry study database (2010-2017). We mainly selected patients with stage I and II NSCLC who were ≥80 years old, and after screening, 7,045 cases were selected for our study. We used univariate analysis, stratified analysis, and multiple regression equation analysis to examine all-cause mortality and lung cancer-specific mortality in different treatment modalities. The overall and stratified populations' survival curves were plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method. The competing risk regression method of Fine and Gray was used to estimate mortality specific to lung cancer. Results: In the fully adjusted model, all-cause mortality was 1.97 times higher in the radiotherapy-only group (hazard ration (HR) = 1.97, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.81-2.14, p < 0.0001) than in the surgery-only group. The lung cancer-specific mortality rate was 1.22 times higher in the radiotherapy-only group (HR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.13-1.32, p < 0.0001) than in the surgery-only group. The median overall survival (OS) in the surgery-only, radiation therapy-only, surgery plus radiation therapy, and no-treatment groups were 58 months, 31 months, 36 months, and 10 months, respectively. Median lung cancer-specific survival was 61 months, 32 months, 38 months, and 11 months, respectively. The surgery-only group had the highest 1-year OS (0.8679,95% CI = 0.8537-0.8824) and 5-year OS (0.4873, 95% CI = 0.4632-0.5126). Conclusions: Surgery had a higher overall and lung cancer-specific survival rate than radiotherapy and no treatment in the elderly early-stage NSCLC population. For patients with stage I and stage II NSCLC at advanced ages, surgical treatment might have a greater potential survival benefit.

Supplementation of serum albumin is associated with improved pulmonary function: NHANES 2013-2014.

Background: The serum albumin level is reflective of the function of multiple organs, such as the liver and kidneys. However, the association between serum albumin and pulmonary function is unclear; therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship between pulmonary function and serum albumin, including the threshold of serum albumin at the changes of the pulmonary function in the total population and in different strata of population. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, We examined the relationship between serum albumin and two independent indicators of pulmonary function: forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1), using data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2013-2014) (n = 3286). We used univariate analysis, stratified analysis, and multiple regression equation analysis to examine the correlation between serum albumin levels and FVC and FEV 1, and performed smoothed curve fitting, threshold effect, and saturation effect analysis (for stratification) to determine the threshold serum albumin level at which FVC and FEV 1 begin to change. Results: The adjusted smoothed curve fit plot showed a linear relationship between serum albu-min levels and FVC: for every 1 g/dl increase in the serum albumin level, FVC increased by 80.40 ml (11.18, 149.61). Serum albumin and FEV 1 showed a non-linear relationship. When serum al-bumin reached the inflection point (3.8 g/dl), FEV 1 increased with increasing serum albumin and the correlation coefficient ß was 205.55 (140.15, 270.95). Conclusion: Serum albumin is a core indicator of liver function, and abnormal liver function has a direct impact on pulmonary function. In the total population, serum albumin levels were linearly and positively correlated with FVC. Above 3.6 g/dl, serum albumin was positively correlated with FEV 1. Based on the total population and different population strata, this study revealed a positive association between the serum albumin level and pulmonary function, and identified the threshold of serum albumin when Indicators of pulmonary function tests starts to rise, providing a new early warning indicator for people at high risk of pulmonary insufficiency and has positive implications for the prevention of combined respiratory failure in patients with liver insufficiency.

Better Prognosis and Survival in Esophageal Cancer Survivors After Comorbid Second Primary Malignancies: A SEER Database-Based Study.

Background: With the development of surgical techniques and advances in systemic treatments, the survival time of esophageal cancer survivors has increased; however, the chance of developing a second primary malignancy (SPM) has also increased. These patients' prognosis and treatment plans remain inconclusive. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate and predict the survival of patients with esophageal cancer with second primary tumors, to provide insights and the latest data on whether to pursue more aggressive treatment. Materials and Methods: We selected esophageal cancer cases from the latest available data from the SEER database on April 15, 2021. We performed life table analysis, Kaplan-Meier analysis, and univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis to assess the patient data. We conducted multiple Cox regression equation analyses under multiple covariate adjustment models, and performed a stratified analysis of multiple Cox regression equation analysis based on different covariates. To describe our study population more simply and clearly, we defined the group of patients with esophageal cancer combined with a second primary malignant tumor (the first of two or more primaries) as the EC-SPM group. Results: Our analysis of 73,456 patients with esophageal cancer found the median survival time of the EC-SPM group was 47.00 months (95% confidence interval (CI), 43.87-50.13), and the mean survival time was 74.67 months (95% CI, 72.12-77.22). Kaplan-Meier curves of different esophageal cancer survivors showed that the survival of the EC-SPM group was significantly better than that of the other groups (p < 0.01). Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that compared with only one malignancy only group, the hazard ratio (HR) of the EC-SPM group was 0.95 (95% CI, 0.92-0.99; p < 0.05). In the multivariate Cox regression analysis under different adjustment models, the EC-SPM group had a reduced risk of death compared with the one primary malignancy only group (HR < 1, p < 0.05). Conclusion: Survivors of esophageal cancer with a second primary malignant cancer have a better prognosis, but require more aggressive treatment. This study provided new evidence and new ideas for future research on the pathophysiological mechanism and treatment concepts of esophageal cancer combined with SPM.

Mutations in the TTN Gene are a Prognostic Factor for Patients with Lung Squamous Cell Carcinomas.

PURPOSE: To analyze the relationship between titin (TTN) mutation gene and tumor mutational burden (TMB) and the with prognosis of lung squamous cell carcinomas (LUSC), and to explore the feasibility of TTN as a potential prognostic marker of for LUSC. METHODS: We analyzed the somatic mutation landscape of LUSC samples using datasets obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) databases. Sequence data were divided into wild and mutant groups, and differences in TMB values between the groups compared using a Mann-Whitney U-test. The Kaplan Meier method was used to analyze the correlation between TTN mutation and LUSC prognosis, whereas CIBERSORT algorithm was used to calculate the degree of relative enrichment degree of among tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in LUSC. RESULTS: Analysis of both datasets revealed high mutations in the TTN gene, with mutants exhibiting a significantly higher TMB value relative to the wild-type (P < 0.001). Prognosis of the TTN mutant group in LUSC was significantly better than that of wild-type (P = 0.009). Kaplan Meier curves showed that TTN mutation may be an independent prognostic factor in LUSC patients (HR: 0.64, 95% CI 0.48-0.85, P = 0.001), while GSEA analysis revealed that TTN mutation plays a potential role in the development of LUSC. Finally, analysis of LUSC immune microenvironment revealed that TTN mutation was significantly associated with enrichment of macrophages M1 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: TTN mutation is associated with TMB, and is positively correlated with prognosis of LUSC. Therefore, this mutation may serve as a potential prognostic indicator of LUSC.

Prognosis and Survival Analysis of 922,317 Lung Cancer Patients from the US Based on the Most Recent Data from the SEER Database (April 15, 2021).

BACKGROUND: On April 15, 2021, the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database released the latest lung cancer follow-up data. We selected 922,317 lung cancer patients diagnosed from 2000 to 2017 for survival analysis to provide updated data for lung cancer researchers. RESEARCH QUESTION: This study explored the latest trends of survival time in terms of gender, race, nationality, age, income, address, histological type and primary site. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The SEER database covers 27.8% of the US population. We used life table, Kaplan-Meier, log-rank, Breslow and Tarone-Ware tests to calculate survival rate, time, and curve and to compare differences in survival distribution. We performed univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards analyses. RESULTS: The median survival time of all lung cancer patients diagnosed in 2017 increased by 41.72% compared to 2000. Median survival time of female patients diagnosed in 2017 increased by 70.94% compared to 2000. Median survival time of those diagnosed in 2017 for different primary sites was as follows: right middle lobe was the longest, then left lower lobe, right upper lobe, right lower lobe, and left upper lobe. Lung cancer patients older than 75 years had a significantly shorter median survival time. Patients living in metropolitan areas of 250,000 to 1 million had a longer median survival time. Median survival time in the adenocarcinoma group was significantly greater than other patients. Median survival of Asian and other races diagnosed in 2017 was 97.87% higher than those diagnosed in 2000. Survival rate of lung cancer increased gradually with the year of diagnosis. INTERPRETATION: The rapid improvement of the prognosis of female and young lung cancer patients contributes to the improvement of the overall prognosis. Primary lung cancer in the right middle lobe has the best prognosis.

DNA methylation of ARHGAP30 is negatively associated with ARHGAP30 expression in lung adenocarcinoma, which reduces tumor immunity and is detrimental to patient survival.

Rho-GTPase activating protein 30 (ARHGAP30) can enhance the intrinsic hydrolysis of GTP and regulates Rho-GTPase negatively. The relationship between ARHGAP30 expression and lung adenocarcinoma is unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the differences in expression of ARHGAP30 between lung adenocarcinoma tissues and normal tissues and the relationship between DNA methylation and ARHGAP30 expression in lung adenocarcinoma. To determine the role of ARHGAP30 expression in the prognosis and survival of patients with lung adenocarcinoma, gene set enrichment analysis of ARHGAP30 was performed, comprising analyses of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways, Panther pathways, Reactome pathways, Wikipathways, Gene Ontology, Kinase Target Network, Transcription Factor Network, and a protein-protein interaction network. The association of ARHGAP30 expression with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, immunostimulators, major histocompatibility complex molecules, chemokines, and chemokine receptors in lung adenocarcinoma tissues was also analyzed. DNA methylation of ARHGAP30 correlated negatively with ARHGAP30 expression. Patients with lung adenocarcinoma with high DNA methylation of ARHGAP30 had poor prognosis. The prognosis of patients with lung adenocarcinoma with low ARHGAP30 expression was also poor. ARHGAP30 expression in lung adenocarcinoma correlated positively, whereas methylation of ARHGAP30 correlated negatively, with levels of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that many pathways associated with ARHGAP30 should be studied to improve the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma. We speculated that DNA methylation of ARHGAP30 suppresses ARHGAP30 expression, which reduces tumor immunity, leading to poor prognosis for patients with lung adenocarcinoma.

Serum Chloride Level Is Associated With Abdominal Aortic Calcification.

BACKGROUND: Abdominal aortic calcification is a potentially important independent risk factor for cardiovascular health. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between serum chloride level and abdominal artery calcification. METHODS: We obtained the data of 3,018 individuals from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database and analyzed the relationship between serum chloride and abdominal artery calcification. We performed stratified and single factor analysis, multiple equation regression analysis, smooth curve fitting, and threshold effect and saturation effect analysis. R and EmpowerStats were used for data analysis. RESULTS: Serum chloride is independently related to the AAC total 24 score (AAC-24). The smooth curves fitted were all inverted-U shaped. Below a cutoff value of 92 mmol/L, increase in serum chloride level was associated with increase in AAC-24; however, above that cutoff, increase in serum chloride level was associated with decrease in AAC-24. CONCLUSIONS: At serum levels below 92 mmol/L, chloride is a risk factor for abdominal aortic calcification but levels above 92 mmol/L appear to protect against abdominal aortic calcification.