Elongatibacter sediminis gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from intertidal sediment, and genomic comparison with all genera in the family Wenzhouxiangellaceae.

A novel slightly halophilic, aerobic, and Gram-stain-negative strain, designated as CH-27T, was isolated during a bacterial resource investigation of intertidal sediment collected from Xiaoshi Island in Weihai, PR China. Cells of strain CH-27T were rod-shaped with widths of 0.3-0.6 µm and lengths of 2.0-11.0 µm. Strain CH-27T grew optimally at 37 °C, pH 7.0 and with 2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Catalase activity was weakly positive and oxidase activity was positive. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CH-27T was most related to Marinihelvus fidelis KCTC 92639T (93.6 %), followed by Wenzhouxiangella marina MCCC 1K00261T (92.0 %). Based on genome comparisons between strain CH-27T and M. fidelis KCTC 92639T, the average amino acid identity was 63.6 % and the percentage of conserved proteins was 48.3 %. The major cellular fatty acid of strain CH-27T (≥10 %) was iso-C15 : 0 and the sole respiratory quinone was quinone-8. The polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, and aminophospholipid. The DNA G+C content was 62.7 mol%. Based on comprehensive analysis of its phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical, and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain CH-27T represents a novel species in a novel genus, for which the name Elongatibacter sediminis gen. nov., sp.nov. is proposed. The type strain is CH-27T (=MCCC 1H00480T=KCTC 8011T).

Cultivating the uncultured: Harnessing the "sandwich agar plate" approach to isolate heme-dependent bacteria from marine sediment.

In the classical microbial isolation technique, the isolation process inevitably destroys all microbial interactions and thus makes it difficult to culture the many microorganisms that rely on these interactions for survival. In this study, we designed a simple coculture technique named the "sandwich agar plate method," which maintains microbial interactions throughout the isolation and pure culture processes. The total yield of uncultured species in sandwich agar plates based on eight helper strains was almost 10-fold that of the control group. Many uncultured species displayed commensal lifestyles. Further study found that heme was the growth-promoting factor of some marine commensal bacteria. Subsequent genomic analysis revealed that heme auxotrophies were common in various biotopes and prevalent in many uncultured microbial taxa. Moreover, our study supported that the survival strategies of heme auxotrophy in different habitats varied considerably. These findings highlight that cocultivation based on the "sandwich agar plate method" could be developed and used to isolate more uncultured bacteria.

Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Marinobacterium weihaiense sp. nov. and Marinobacterium marinum sp. nov., isolated from marine sediment, and genomic properties of the genus Marinobacterium.

In this study, two novel bacterial strains were isolated from coastal sediment of Weihai, China. The two strains were Gram-stain-negative and facultatively aerobic, designated 3-1745T and A346T. Based on phenotypic, genetic and phylogenetic properties, strains 3-1745T and A346T represent two novel species of the genus Marinobacterium. The results of genome analysis revealed many central carbohydrate metabolism pathways such as gluconeogenesis, pyruvate oxidation, tricyclic acid cycle, pentose phosphate pathway and PRPP biosynthesis in the genus Marinobacterium. The ability of strains 3-1745T and A346T to utilize volatile fatty acids was experimentally confirmed. Polyhydroxyalkanoate synthases (PhaA, PhaB and PhaC) for the synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates were prevalent in the genus Marinobacterium. Multiple BGCs (biosynthetic gene clusters) including betalactone, ectoine, ranthipeptide, redox-cofactor, RiPPs (ribosomally synthesized post-translationally modified peptides) and T3PKS (polyketide synthases) in the genome of the genus Marinobacterium were found. Additional genome analyses suggested that the genus Marinobacterium contained diverse potential mechanisms of salt tolerance and mainly utilized oligosaccharides. This is the first report on broad genomic analyses of the genus Marinobacterium with the description of two novel species and potential ecological and biotechnological implications.

Description of Aequorivita aurantiaca sp. nov. Isolated from Coastal Sediment, and Comparative Genomic Analysis and Biogeographic Distribution of the Genus Aequorivita.

A novel Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, and non-motile bacterial strain, designated SDUM287046T, was isolated from the coastal sediments of Jingzi Port of Weihai, China. Cells of strain SDUM287046T were rod-shaped with widths of 0.4-0.5 µm and lengths of 0.7-1.4 µm and could produce flexirubin-type pigments. Optimum growth of strain SDUM287046T occurred at 33-35 °C, pH 7.0, and with 2% (w/v) NaCl. Oxidase activity was negative, but catalase activity was positive. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain SDUM287046T was most closely related to Aequorivita aquimaris D-24T (98.3%). The main cellular fatty acids were iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0, iso-C17:0 3-OH, and summed feature 9 (comprised of iso-C17:1 ω9c and/or C16:0 10-methyl). The sole respiratory quinone was MK-6. The polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), one aminolipid (AL), three unidentified glycolipids (GL), and three unidentified lipids (L). The DNA G + C content was 39.3 mol%. According to the integrated results of phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical, and chemotaxonomic characteristics, we propose that strain SDUM287046T represents a novel species of the genus Aequorivita, for which the name Aequorivita aurantiaca sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SDUM287046T (=KCTC 92754T = MCCC 1H01418T). Comparative genomic analysis showed that the 16 Aequorivita species shared 1453 core genes and differed mainly in amino acid metabolism, cofactor metabolism, and vitamin metabolism. Biogeographic distribution analysis indicated that the marine environments were the primary habitat of Aequorivita bacteria.

Psychromarinibacter sediminicola sp. nov., a novel moderately halophilic, metabolically diverse bacterium isolated from a solar saltern sediment, and comparison between members of family Roseobacteraceae.

Known for its species abundance and evolutionary status complexity, family Roseobacteraceae is an important subject of many studies on the discovery, identification, taxonomic status, and ecological properties of marine bacteria. This study compared and analyzed the phylogenetic, genomic, biochemical, and chemo taxonomical properties of seven species from three genera (Psychromarinibacter, Lutimaribacter, and Maritimibacter) of the family Roseobacteraceae. Moreover, a novel strain, named C21-152T was isolated from solar saltern sediment in Weihai, China. The values of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the average nucleotide identity (ANI), the average amino acid identity (AAI), and the digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) between genomes of the novel strain and Psychromarinibacter halotolerans MCCC 1K03203T were 97.19, 78.49, 73.45, and 21.90%, respectively. Genome sequencing of strain C21-152T revealed a complete Sox enzyme system related to thiosulfate oxidization as well as a complete pathway for the final conversion of hydroxyproline to α-ketoglutarate. In addition, strain C21-152T was resistant to many antibiotics and had the ability to survive below 13% salinity. This strain had versatile survival strategies in saline environments including salt-in, compatible solute production and compatible solute transport. Some of its physiological features enriched and complemented the knowledge of the characteristics of the genus Psychromarinibacter. Optimum growth of strain C21-152T occurred at 37 â„ƒ, with 5-6% (w/v) NaCl and at pH 7.5. According to the results of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic characterization, phylogenetic properties and genome analysis, strain C21-152T should represent a novel specie of the genus Psychromarinibacter, for which the name Psychromarinibacter sediminicola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is C21-152T (= MCCC 1H00808T = KCTC 92746T = SDUM1063002T).

Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Co-Resistant Strain Isolated from Enrichment Culture of Marine Sediments, with Potential for Environmental Bioremediation Applications.

Antibiotics and heavy metals have caused serious contamination of the environment and even resulted in public health concerns. It has therefore become even more urgent to adopt a sustainable approach to combating these polluted environments. In this paper, we investigated the microbial community of marine sediment samples after 255 days of enrichment culture under Cu (II) and lincomycin stress and ZC255 was the most resistant strain obtained. The 16S rRNA gene sequence confirmed that it belonged to the genus Rossellomorea. Strain ZC255 was resistant to 12 kinds of antibiotics, and had a superior tolerance to Cu (II), Pb (II), Ni (II), Zn (II), Cr (III), and Cd (II). Moreover, it exhibits strong bioremoval ability of Cu and lincomycin. The removal efficiency of Cu (II) and lincomycin can achieve 651 mg/g biomass and 32.5 mg/g biomass, respectively. Strain ZC255 was a promising isolate for pollution bioremediation applications.

Laser-Heat Surface Treatment of Superwetting Copper Foam for Efficient Oil-Water Separation.

Oil pollution in the ocean has been a great threaten to human health and the ecological environment, which has raised global concern. Therefore, it is of vital importance to develop simple and efficient techniques for oil-water separation. In this work, a facile and low-cost laser-heat surface treatment method was employed to fabricate superwetting copper (Cu) foam. Nanosecond laser surface texturing was first utilized to generate micro/nanostructures on the skeleton of Cu foam, which would exhibit superhydrophilicity/superoleophilicity. Subsequently, a post-process heat treatment would reduce the surface energy, thus altering the surface chemistry and the surface wettability would be converted to superhydrophobicity/superoleophilicity. With the opposite extreme wetting scenarios in terms of water and oil, the laser-heat treated Cu foam can be applied for oil-water separation and showed high separation efficiency and repeatability. This method can provide a simple and convenient avenue for oil-water separation.

Fulvivirga sedimenti sp.nov, isolated from the sediment of oceanic tidal zone.

A yellow-orange, rod-shaped (0.3-0.4 × 2.2-3.8 µm), Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, atrichous bacterium, designated strain 1062T, was isolated from tidal zone sediment collected from Xiaoshi Island, Weihai, Shandong Province, China. Growth of strain 1062T occurred at 15-43 °C (optimum, 37 °C), pH 6.0-9.5 (optimum, pH 7.5) and with 0.5-7.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2.0-3.0%). Nitrate was not reduced to nitrite or nitrogen. Positive for catalase and oxidase activity, as well as the hydrolysis of casein, DNA, starch and Tweens 20, 40, 60, but negative for hydrolysis of alginate, CM-cellulose, agar and Tweens 80. The 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that strain 1062T had a sequence similarity of 96.2% with Fulvivirga lutimaris KCTC 42720T and 94.3% with Fulvivirga kasyanovii KCTC 12832T. Phylogenetic analysis showed that strain 1062T belonged to the genus Fulvivirga. The genomic DNA G + C content was 45.1 mol%. The ANI values of strain 1062T in comparison to F. kasyanovii KCTC 12832T and F. lutimaris KCTC 42720T were all lower than 70%. The dDDH values of strain 1062T in comparison to F. kasyanovii KCTC 12832T and F. lutimaris KCTC 42720T were all lower than 20%. The average amino acid identity values of strain 1062T in comparison to F. kasyanovii KCTC 12832T and F. lutimaris KCTC 42720T were all lower than 60%. The major fatty acids (> 5%) of strain 1062T were iso-C15:0, iso-C15:0 G, iso-C15:0 3OH, iso-C17:0 3-OH and summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c/C16:1ω6c). The polar lipids consist of an aminolipid, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidyglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. The major respiratory quinone was MK-7. Based on the results of physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics, the strain 1062T (= KCTC 72868T = MCCC 1H00499T) was identified as a new species of the genus Fulvivirga and the name Fulvivirga sedimenti sp. nov, is proposed.

Genomic Analysis and Characterization of Pseudotabrizicola formosa sp. nov., a Novel Aerobic Anoxygenic Phototrophic Bacterium, Isolated from Sayram Lake Water.

Aerobic anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria (AAPB) are a kind of heterotrophic prokaryote that can use bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) for photosynthesis without oxygen production and they are widely distributed in aquatic environments, including oceans, lakes, and rivers. A novel aerobic anoxygenic photosynthetic bacterium strain XJSPT was isolated during a study of water microbial diversity in Sayram Lake, Xinjiang Province, China. Strain XJSPT was found to grow optimally at 33 °C, pH 7.5 with 1.0% (w/v) NaCl, and to produce bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence and concatenated alignment sequences of 120 ubiquitous single-copy proteins both supported that strain XJSPT belonged to the genus Pseudotabrizicola. Both average nucleotide identity (ANI) and DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH) values were below the species delineation threshold. The primary polar lipids were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unknown lipid, and one unidentified phospholipid. Based on the results of polyphasic analyses performed in this study, strain XJSPT represents a new member of the genus Pseudotabrizicola, for which the name Pseudotabrizicola formosa sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is XJSPT (=KCTC 52636T = MCCC 1H00184T = SDUM 107003T). Comparative genomic analysis showed that four species of the genus Pseudotabrizicola shared 2570 core genes and possessed a complete anoxygenic photosystem II.

Sulfuriroseicoccus oceanibius gen. nov., sp. nov., a representative of the phylum Verrucomicrobia with a special cytoplasmic membrane.

Here, we describe a novel bacterial strain, designated T37T, which was isolated from the marine sediment of Xiaoshi Island, PR China. Growth of strain T37T occurs at 15-40 °C (optimum 37 °C), pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum 7.5), and in the presence of 0.5-5.5% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1.5%). Characteristic biochemical traits of the novel strain include MK-9 as the major menaquinone. The major fatty acids identified were iso-C14:0 and C16:1 ω9c (oleic acid). Phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, and phosphoglycolipids were the major cellular polar lipids. The G + C content of genomic DNA was 58.4 mol%. Unusual outer membrane features deduced from the analysis of cell morphology point towards the formation of an enlarged periplasmic space putatively used for the digestion of macromolecules. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA genes and the genome indicated that strain T37T represents a novel species and genus affiliated with a distinct family level lineage of the verrucomicrobial subdivision 1. Our polyphasic taxonomy approach places the novel strain in a new genus within the current family Verrucomicrobiaceae, order Verrucomicrobiales, class Verrucomicrobiae. Strain T37T (= KCTC 72799 T = MCCC 1H00391T) is the type strain of a novel species, for which the name Sulfuriroseicoccus oceanibius gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed.

Description and Genomic Characterization of Oceaniferula flavus sp. nov., a Novel Potential Polysaccharide-Degrading Candidate of the Difficult-to-Cultivate Phylum Verrucomicrobiota Isolated from Seaweed.

A novel strain, isolate 5K15T, which belongs to difficult-to-cultivate phylum Verrucomicrobiota, was recovered from kelp collected from Li Island, Rongcheng, China. The genome sequence of the strain (genome size 3.95 Mbp) showed the presence of four putative biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), namely, two terpene biosynthetic gene clusters, one aryl polyene biosynthetic cluster, and one type III PKS cluster. Genomic analysis revealed 79 sulfatase-encoded genes, 24 sulfatase-like hydrolase/transferase-encoded genes, and 25 arylsulfatase-encoded genes, which indicated the great potential of 5K15T to degrade sulfated polysaccharides. Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the novel strain was most closely related to Oceaniferula marina N1E253T (96.4%). On the basis of evidence from a polyphasic study, it is proposed that the strain 5K15T (= KCTC 82748T = MCCC 1H00442T = SDUM 810003T) be classified as Oceaniferula flavus sp. nov. The strain has the ability of carbohydrate transport and metabolism. This ability allows it to survive in carbohydrate-rich materials such as kelp. It has the potential to be used in the marine drug industry using seaweed.

Maribellus maritimus sp. nov., isolated from marine sediment.

A novel facultatively anaerobic and Gram-stain-negative bacterial strain, designated 5E3T, was isolated from intertidal sediments of Xiaoshi Island of Weihai, People's Republic of China. Cells of strain 5E3T were long rod-shaped with widths of 0.3-0.5 µm and lengths of 4.0-6.0 µm. Optimum growth of strain 5E3T occurred at 33 °C, pH 6.5-7.0 and with 3% (w/v) NaCl. Oxidase activity was negative but catalase activity was weakly positive. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain 5E3T was most closely related to 'Maribellus comscasis' WC007 (99.5%), followed by M. sediminis MCCC 1K04285T (95.9%) and M. luteus XSD2T (95.6%). Genome comparisons between strain 5E3T and strain 'M. comscasis' WC007, using average nucleotide identity (ANI) value (93.0%) and DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH) value (50.1%), confirmed low genome relatedness. The major cellular fatty acids (≥ 10%) were iso-C15:0 and iso-C17:0 3-OH. The sole respiratory quinone was MK-7. The polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), one unidentified aminolipid (AL) and three unidentified lipids (L1, L2, L3). The DNA G + C content was 37.9 mol%. According to the integrated results of phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics, we propose that strain 5E3T represents a novel species of the genus Maribellus, for which the name Maribellus maritimus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 5E3T (= KCTC 82744T = MCCC 1H00473T).

Empirical Analysis of Financial Depth and Width Based on Convolutional Neural Network.

There are great differences in financial and economic development in different regions. In different time series and different regions, the effects of financial depth and width on economic development are also different. This paper selects neural network to establish the economic benefit model of financial depth and breadth, which can deeply explore the relationship between financial data and economic data. In order to determine the optimal convolutional neural network parameters, the optimal convolutional neural network parameters are determined through comparative simulation analysis. The convolutional neural network model based on the optimal parameters is applied to the empirical analysis of the effect of financial and economic development in X region. In order to obtain the optimal convolutional neural network parameters, different convolution layers, convolution core size, and convolution core number are compared and simulated. The convolutional neural network model with optimal parameters is used to simulate the financial and economic data of X region. The simulation results show that the density of financial personnel has a certain impact on economic development, so it is necessary to improve the comprehensive quality of financial personnel and promote regional economic development. Therefore, this paper seeks an effective method to study the effect of financial breadth and depth on economic development which can provide a feasible idea for the in-depth research method of financial and economic development.

Oceaniferula marina gen.nov., sp.nov., an anti-fluoroquinolone bacterium isolated from marine sediment.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-gliding and non-motile bacterium designated as N1E253T, was isolated from marine sediments collected from the coast of Weihai, PR China. N1E253T was found to grow at pH 7.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.5), 15-37 °C (optimum, 30 °C) in the presence of 1.5-5.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 3.0%). The major polar lipids of strain N1E253T were phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and one unidentified phospholipid. The sole respiratory quinone was MK-9. The major cellular fatty acids (> 10.0%) were iso-C14: 0, C16: 0 and Summed Feature 3 (C16:1 ω7c and/or C16:1 ω6c). The result of the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis confirmed the affiliation of this novel isolate to the family Verrucomicrobiaceae, with Persicirhabdus sediminis KCTC 22039 T being its closest relative with 92.1% sequence similarity. Genome sequencing revealed a genome size of 5,073,947 bp, DNA G + C content of 52.0% and two protein-coding genes related to the resistance of fluoroquinolones. Based on physiological, genomic, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics, we propose that strain N1E253T represents a novel species of a novel genus within the family Verrucomicrobiaceae, for which the name Oceaniferula marina gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is N1E253T (= KCTC 72800 T = MCCC 1H00405T).

Gelidibacter maritimus sp. nov., isolated from marine sediment.

A Gram-stain-negative, yellow, strictly aerobic, non-flagellated, gliding, rod-shaped bacterial strain, was isolated from costal sediment, designated as F6074T. The strain F6074T grows optimally at 30 °C, pH 7.5, and 3.0% (w/v) NaCl. Cells of strain F6074T are 0.2-0.5 µm wide and 1.0-2.0 µm long. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain F6074T belonged to the genus Gelidibacter, with the highest sequence similarity to Gelidibacter japonicus JCM 31967T (98.0%), followed by G. flavus JCM 31135T (97.7%), and similarity between strain F6074T and the type species G. algens DSM 12408T was 96.0%. Genome sequencing results revealed a genome size of 47,07,621 bp. The DNA G + C content was 37.8 mol%. The ANI and dDDH values between strain F6074T and G. japonicus JCM 31967T were 83.9 and 27.8%, the values between strain F6074T and G. algens DSM 12408T were 77.5% and 31.5%, and the values between strain F6074T and G. flavus JCM 31135T were 84.3 and 27.9%, respectively. The predominant quinone was MK-6 and the major fatty acids were iso-C15:0, iso-C15:1G, iso-C17:0 3-OH, anteiso-C15:0 and summed feature 3. The polar lipids were consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), two unidentified aminolipids (AL) and three unidentified lipids (L1, L2, L3). Based on the phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data, strain F6074T was considered to represent a novel species of the genus Gelidibacter, for which the name Gelidibacter maritimus sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is F6074T (MCCC 1H00427T = KCTC 72942T).

Moheibacter lacus sp. nov., Isolated from Freshwater Lake Sediment.

A Gram-stain-negative, yellow-pigmented, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-motile bacterium, designated BDHS18T, was isolated from the sediment of the Hasuhai Lake, China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that this strain belongs to the genus Moheibacter in the family Flavobacteriaceae and its closest relative was Moheibacter sediminis JCM 19634T (96.0%), followed by Moheibacter stercoris DSM 29388T (95.3%). Cells of strain BDHS18T were catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. Strain BDHS18T was found to grow optimally at 28-33 â„ƒ, pH 7.5-8.0, and in the presence of approximately 1.0% (w/v) NaCl. Major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15:0, iso-C17:0 3-OH, Summed feature 4 and Summed feature 9. The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-6. The predominant polar lipids in strain BDHS18T were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified aminolipid and one unidentified lipid. The DNA G + C content was 36.9 mol%. According to the phylogenetic analysis, physiological and phenotypic characteristics, strain BDHS18T represents a novel species of the genus Moheibacter, for which the name Moheibacter lacus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BDHS18T (= KCTC 72160T = MCCC 1H00369T).

Cell-surface engineering of yeasts for whole-cell biocatalysts.

Due to the unique advantages comparing with traditional free enzymes and chemical catalysis, whole-cell biocatalysts have been widely used to catalyze reactions effectively, simply and environment friendly. Cell-surface display technology provides a novel and effective approach for improved whole-cell biocatalysts expressing heterologous enzymes on the cell surface. They can overcome the substrate transport limitation of the intracellular expression and provide the enzymes with enhanced properties. Among all the host surface-displaying microorganisms, yeast is ideally suitable for constructing whole cell-surface-displaying biocatalyst, because of the large cell size, the generally regarded as safe (GRAS) status, and the perfect post-translational processing of secreted proteins. Yeast cell-surface display system has been a promising and powerful method for development of novel and improved engineered biocatalysts. In this review, the characterization and principles of yeast cell-surface display and the applications of yeast cell-surface display in engineered whole-cell biocatalysts as well as the improvement of the enzyme efficiency are summarized and discussed.

Freeze-Thawing Chitosan/Ions Hydrogel Coated Gauzes Releasing Multiple Metal Ions on Demand for Improved Infected Wound Healing.

Imbalance of metal ions in the wound microenvironment is a key factor that leads to delayed wound healing. However, single metal administration to enhance wound repair is usually not enough due to the overlapping nature of the wound healing phases. Herein, a facile freeze-thawing strategy is developed to incorporate chitosan/ions hydrogel into medical gauzes to realize on-demand release of multiple ions to accelerate wound healing. In vitro study reveals that the gauzes can temporally release multiple metal ions on demand, and the released metal ions show effectiveness in killing bacteria and expediting cell migration. In vivo studies demonstrate that the metal ions loaded gauzes can efficiently enhance infected wound healing. Further histological analysis find that these metal ion-loaded gauzes accelerate wound healing by promoting granulation formation, collagen deposition and maturation, re-epithelization, angiogenesis, and inhibiting inflammation via regulating the expression of inflammatory factors (e.g., tumor necrosis factor-α) and polarization of macrophages. Thus, this novel metal ions delivery system has great potential in infected tissue repair and antibacterial applications.

Oceanipulchritudo coccoides gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from marine sediment within the family Puniceicoccaceae.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic coccus, designated CK1056T, was isolated from coastal sediment of Xiaoshi Island, Weihai, PR China. Strain CK1056T was found to grow at 15-37 °C (optimum, 30 °C), with 0.5-6.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 3.5 %) and displayed alkaliphilic growth within the pH range of pH 6.5-10.0 (optimum, pH 8.0). The major fatty acids identified were iso-C15 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c and/or C16 : 1 ω6c). The main polar lipids consisted of aminophosphoglycolipid and phosphatidylethanolamine. The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 54.0 mol%. The result of the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis confirmed the affiliation of this micro-organism to the family Puniceicoccaceae, with Coraliomargarita akajimensis KCTC 12865T as its closest relative with only 88.0 % sequence similarity. From the taxonomic data obtained in this study, we propose that the new marine isolate be placed into a novel species within a novel genus in the family Puniceicoccaceae, phylum Verrucomicrobia, for which the name Oceanipulchritudo coccoides gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CK1056T (=KCTC 72798T=MCCC 1H00425T).

Highly Water-Preserving Zwitterionic Betaine-Incorporated Collagen Sponges With Anti-oxidation and Anti-inflammation for Wound Regeneration.

A core problem in wound healing - with both fundamental and technological significance - concerns the rational design of bioactive and moist microenvironments. Here, we design a new class of zwitterionic betaine-incorporated collagen sponges (BET@COL) with integrated anti-oxidation and anti-inflammatory properties for promoting wound healing in a full-thickness wound model. The presence of zwitterionic betaine in a 3D network structure of collagen enables tightly bound and locked water molecules inside sponges via ionic solvation and confinement effect, while the integration of this amino acid also empowers the sponge with anti-oxidation and anti-inflammatory functions. In vitro results demonstrated that BET@COL collagen sponges strongly preserved water content up to 33.78 ± 0.78% at the 80th min at 37°C (only 0.44 ± 0.18% in control), and also exhibited high cell biocompatibility. Further, BET@COL collagen sponges with different betaine contents were applied to a full-thickness cutaneous wound model in mice, followed by a systematical evaluation and comparison of the effect of preserved water on wound healing efficiency in vivo. The optimal BET@COL collagen sponges were able to maintain high water content (e.g., moist microenvironment), suppress oxidative stress, improve anti-inflammation, all of which impose synergetic healing effects to promote wound closure, granulation formation, re-epithelization, collagen deposition and angiogenesis. This work demonstrates a new material as a promising candidate for wound dressing.