Evaluation of pharmacokinetics and in vitro/in vivo correlation of ibuprofen with essential oils as penetration enhancer following transdermal administration / 中国中药杂志

The study was carried out to investigate the pharmacokinetics and in vitro/in vivo correlation of ibuprofen with essential oils as penetration enhancers (PE) following transdermal administration. With Azone as the positive control, ibuprofen hydrogels containing Chuanxiong oil, Angelica oil or Cinnamon oil as PE were prepared and administered to the rat abdominal skin. Then the pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen following transdermal administration were investigated and compared. In comparison with negative control (no PE was added), the relative bioavailability values with the addition of Chuanxiong oil, Angelica oil, Cinnamon oil and Azone as PE were determined to be 161.87%, 171.05%, 151.37% and 148.66%, respectively. In vitro/in vivo correlation analysis was performed by deconvolution method and the results demonstrated a good correlation between in vitro and in vivo percutaneous absorption studies. The correlation coefficients were measured to be 0.999 7, 0.995 2 and 0.999 4 for Chuanxiong oil, Angelica oil and Cinnamon oil respectively. In summary, Chuanxiong oil, Angelica oil and Cinnamon oil as PE could significantly enhance the bioavailability of ibuprofen following transdermal administration. A satisfactory in vitro/in vivo correlation could be obtained by using hydrogel as the dosage form.

[Ecological sensitivity of jingnanxia-heishanxia reach of Yellow River].

Aiming at the ecological problems such as soil erosion, desertification, and salinization in the Jingnanxia-Heishanxia reach of Yellow River, the single-factorial ecological problem's sensitivity and the comprehensive ecological sensitivity of the reach were analyzed by GIS spatial analysis, grid computing and superposition, and RS image feature extraction. The results showed that the regions with medium- and high ecological sensitivities almost covered the whole study area, including the Wufo Town of Jingtai County, the Beiwan Town, Wulan Town, Mitan Town, Dongwan Town, and Santan Town of Jingyuan County, and the area between Doucheng and Hongliutan of Pingchuan District. The high, medium, and low sensitive areas should be accordingly programmed as forbidden, medium, and deep constructing areas. During the development process of regional hydropower, effective measures should be adopted to protect the ecological environment to achieve the sustainable development of the drainage area.

[Heavy metals accumulation in river sediments of Chongming Island, Shanghai City, and its environmental risk].

Heavy metals accumulation in river sediments can reflect the environmental quality of river waters. It's of practical significance to study the accumulation level of heavy metals in river sediments and its environmental risk. In this paper, the heavy metals accumulation in river sediments of three typical towns of Chongming Island was studied, and the results showed that the average accumulation of Zn, Cr, Cu, Pb and Cd in Chengqiao Town, Baozhen Town and Chenjia Town was 103.1, 79.2, 39.0, 29.7 and 0.300 mg x kg(-1), 99.0, 104.0, 50.5, 32.7 and 0.308 mg x kg(-1), and 86.7, 79.5, 32.2, 30.5 and 0.274 mg x kg(-1), respectively. In South Chongming, the average accumulation of Zn, Cr, Cu, Pb and Cd was 94.72, 81.35, 38.52, 30.78 and 0.297 mg x kg(-1), respectively. The environmental risk assessment by using geoaccumulation index (I(geo)) indicated that these three towns had a low-medium rank environmental risk of heavy metals accumulation in river sediments, and the probability of achieving medium rank risk was in the order of Chengqiao > Baozhen > Chenjia.

[Heavy metal content and ecological risk warning assessment of vegetable soils in Chongming Island, Shanghai City].

In order to determine the content of copper (Cu), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) in vegetable field, soil samples were collected from three towns of Chongming Island, an important ecotypic island of Shanghai City. The average content of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr and Cd in vegetable soil of the three towns is 29.2 mg x kg(-1), 91.2 mg x kg(-1), 26.5 mg x kg(-1), 79.4 mg x kg(-1) and 0.222 mg x kg(-1), respectively. Except for the content of Cd exceeded the first grade of national soil standard (GB 15618-1995), the contents of the other four heavy metals were less than the first grade of the standard, and the content of heavy metals in this fireld met the request of heavy metal level to produce green foods (NY/T 391-2000). The contents of Cu, Pb, Cr, Zn and Cd in the vegetable soils are 24.3%, 24.4%, 22.9%, 18.8% and 65.7% higher than the background value of Shanghai, respectively. The result of ecological risk warning assessment showed that three sampling sites were medium warning situation, ten were light warning situation, eight were warning situation and one was no warning, in all the 23 sampling sites. The total situation of Chongming Island was light warning, and the I(ER) = 1.562. The order of ecological risk was Baozhen town (I(ER) = 1.799) > Chengqiaozhen town (I(ER) = 1.636) > Chenjiazhen (I(ER) = 1.368). The three towns were all light warning situation.

Analysis of Clinical Characteristic Pathology and Prognosis in Infant with Intra-Abdominal Solid Tumor / 实用儿科临床杂志

ObjectiveTo analyze the relationship between clinical characteristic pathology and prognosis in infant with intra-abdominal solid tumor.MethodsFifty-two infants(less than 1 year old) with abdominal solid tumor from Apr.1998 to Feb.2007 in Shanghai Children's Medical Center and from Jan.2001 to Feb.2007 in Shanghai Xinhua Hospital were reviewed.The history of these children were reviewed.Features and clinical pathology of these children with their prognosis were analyzed and followed up by telephones and children return visit records from 5 months to 8 years.ResultsLess than 1 month,7 cases;1 month to 1 year old,45 cases.Teratoma 23 cases(44.23%),neuroblastoma 9 cases(17.31%),nephroblastoma 6 cases(11.54%),hepatoblastoma 5 cases(9.62%),epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the liver 3 cases(5.77%),congenital mesoblastic nephroma 3 cases(5.77%),fusiform cell epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of pancreas 1 case(1.92%),hamartoma of the liver 1 case(1.92%),retroperitoneal small cell malignant tumor 1 case(1.92%).Benign:malignant=1:1.Among the benign tumor,male:female=1:1.Among the malignant tumor,male:female=2.33:1.0.All children were treated with tumor resection,and combined with chemotherapy for those whose tumors were malignant.ConclusionsAmong infant abdominal solid tumors,teratoma and neuroblastoma are much more than other tumors.The cases of benign tumors are almost as much as the malignant tumors.The benign tumors did not have sex differences,and had good prognosis after surgical resection.However,in malignant tumors,the incidence rate of male is obviously higher than female.Completely resection of those malignant tumors with chemotherapy would get little incidence of recrudescence and low case fatality rate.Early diagnosis and early treatment play an important role in prognosis.