[The therapeutic effect of probiotics on allergic rhinitis：a Meta analysis].

Objective:To systemically review the therapeutic effect of probitics on allergic rhinitis（AR).Method:Literatures about the effect of probitics on AR were searched in PubMed. The Cochrane Library, Web of Science and CNKI, WanFang Data and VIP inception to April 2016,and 2 reviewers independently screened literatures according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Then meta-analysis was performed using RevMan5.2 software. Result:A total of 16RCTs involving1374 patients were included in the meta-analysis, including 809 cases in the probitic group and 568 cases in the placebo group. The results of meta-analysis showed that the efficacy of probitic group was superior to the placebo group in total RQLQ,nasal RQLQ,eye RQLQ and the serum eosinophil count,the difference was statistically significant ［MD=-4.43,95%CI（-8.65~-0.20）;MD=-1.08，95%CI（-1.89~0.27）;MD=-0.95,95%CI（-1.46~-1.44）;MD=-28.40,95%CI（-43.53~-13.26）］.There was no significant difference in Serum IgE between the probitic group and the placebo group(P>0.05).There was no significant difference in the NTSS value between the lactobacillus group and the bifidobacterium group(P>0.05). Conclusion:Compared to the placebo, probitics can effectively reduce symptom scores of patients with AR;and different strains of probitics indicated no significant differences in improving nasal symptoms.

The role of flow cytometry and morphometry in discriminating benign from malignant nonfunctioning pancreatic endocrine tumors.

Nonfunctioning pancreatic endocrine tumor (NFPET) is a kind of tumor with high malignancy but bland in morphological features. It is impossible to predict the malignancy solely by gross and light microscopic pictures of the tumor. For the purpose of assessing the value of flow cytometry and morphometry in predicting the prognosis of NFPET, the DNA content and several morphological parameters of 26 NFPETs were determined by appropriate techniques. The results show that abnormal DNA content has no practical value in discriminating benign from malignant NFPETs; whereas the "score" obtained by combining the morphological measurements of the number of nuclei/mm2 and N/C, is of certain referential significance in predicting the malignancy of NFPET.

Nonfunctioning pancreatic endocrine tumors. An immunohistochemical and electron microscopic analysis of 26 cases.

Twenty-six patients with non-functioning pancreatic endocrine tumor (NFPET) were operated on during a 22-year period (1968-1990) at PUMC Hospital, Beijing. Of these, 19 were female and 7 were male with a mean age of 33 years. All these tumors, including 12 malignant and 14 benign, were solitary, and most of them were well-encapsulated. Immunohistochemical staining showed 23 (88.5%) containing 1-4 kinds of peptide hormone and 18 (69.2%) being multihormonal. In 7 of the 9 tumors subjected to electron microscopic study, various amounts of neurosecretory granules were found. Tumors of this series were clinically silent, but they contained some immunoreactive peptides, although the amount of the peptides varied from tumor to tumor.

Two new human exocrine pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines in vitro and in vivo.

Two human pancreatic carcinoma cell lines, PC-1 and PC-2, were established from nude mice xenografts derived from metastatic pancreatic carcinomas of two patients. The two cell lines propagated continuously in vitro over 19 and 19.5 months. The cells grow in a monolayered sheet with doubling times of 47 hours for PC-1 and 58 hours for PC-2. The cells exhibited epithelial morphology and were confirmed to be malignant epithelial cell lines by morphological study, CEA and cytokeratin immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry and Con A test. The tumors caused by inoculation of cultured PC-1 and PC-2 into nude mice retained the histological and ultrastructural features of the original tumors. The findings proved that the two cell lines were human exocrine pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines. Chromosomal analysis together with flow cytometry data revealed that the two cell lines had the human aneuploid karyotypic features with model chromosome numbers of 48 and 66.

Carbamyl phosphate synthetase I. A novel marker for gastric carcinoma.

Carbamyl phosphate synthetase I (CPS1) is an initial enzyme of urea synthetase system. It exists exclusively in liver cells and epithelial cells of the small intestine. By immunocytochemistry, 70.5% of 88 surgically resected gastric carcinomas (42 advanced and 46 early gastric carcinomas) was found to be CPS1 immunoreaction positive, whereas all other carcinomas (of the esophagus, colon, pancreas, lung, breast, ovary, kidney, prostate and urinary bladder) tested were negative. CPS1 expression in gastric carcinoma was closely related to the types of mucin secreted by the carcinoma cells. Most carcinomas secreting sialomucin were CPS1 positive, yet those secreting sulfomucin or neutral mucin did not express CPS1. The types of intestinal metaplasia adjacent to the carcinoma correlated neither with CPS1 expression nor with the histological types of carcinoma. Owing to the fact that gastric carcinomas with CPS1 expression possess the characteristics of small intestinal epithelium, it is very likely that CPS1 can be used as a novel marker for gastric carcinoma originating from complete type intestinal metaplasia.

Gastrin and somatostatin cells in dyspeptic patients with and without duodenal ulcer: a quantitative study based on multiple biopsy specimens.

The numbers of immunoreactive gastrin and somatostatin cells in gastric and duodenal mucosal biopsy specimens from dyspeptic patients with duodenal ulcers and dyspeptic controls without ulcers were calculated using a morphometric method. The levels of gastrin and somatostatin in the tissue were also measured by the radioimmunoassay. The results showed no significant difference in the number of G cells and the level of gastrin in the tissue between the ulcer and non-ulcer groups. However, the number of D cells and the level of somatostatin in the tissue in ulcer patients were remarkably reduced in comparison with those in non-ulcer patients (P less than 0.01 and P less than 0.05, respectively). The G:D cells and gastrin:somatostatin ratios in ulcer patients were much higher than those in the non-ulcer control group. It is considered that the reduction of D cells and the relative lack of somatostatin in duodenal ulcer patients might have a role in the mechanism of the duodenal ulceration.