ABSTRACT
CASE: A 12-year-old boy with Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome underwent surgery for unstable slipped capital femoral epiphysis who developed pulmonary embolism postoperatively. CONCLUSION: It is important to be vigilant about pulmonary embolism in children because it is rare but potentially fatal, especially in the presence of risk factors. Early diagnosis and treatment of unstable slipped capital femoral epiphysis are crucial to minimize immobility. Close monitoring of femoral head osteonecrosis is also necessary.
Subject(s)
Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber Syndrome , Pulmonary Embolism , Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphyses , Humans , Male , Pulmonary Embolism/etiology , Child , Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber Syndrome/complications , Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphyses/surgery , Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphyses/complications , Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphyses/diagnostic imaging , Postoperative Complications/etiologyABSTRACT
In this article, porous poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microsphere scaffolds with a size of â¼ 400 µm and pores of â¼ 20 µm were prepared for constructing injectable three-dimensional hepatocyte spheroids. The porous sites of PLGA microspheres provided a spatial space for hepatocyte distribution. Hepatocytes spheroids were cocultured with human umbilical vein endothelial cell, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell, or NIH/3T3 cells by combining the porous PLGA microspheres with the relatively hydrophobic culture strategy. The combination of open porous microspheres, hepatocytes, and nonparenchymal cells was demonstrated for application in functional hepatic tissue reconstruction. Hepatocellular-specific functions can sustained up to 2 weeks in the support of coculturing with nonparenchymal cells. The spheroidal hepatocyte coculture system had the advantages of an injectable delivery, higher cell seeding density, protection from exerted shear stress, better exchange of nutrients, oxygen and metabolites, and heterotypic cell-cell contact within and between microspheres.
