Effect of Medical Ozone Therapy in Preventing Compromised Nasal Skin in Revision Rhinoplasty.

BACKGROUND: Ozone is often used as an additive therapy for skin conditions like infectious diseases, wound healing, diabetic foot, and pressure ulcers. The viability of the nasal skin has crucial importance in revision rhinoplasty cases. The study investigates the potential benefits of medical ozone therapy in healing the nasal skin in multiple-operated cases. METHODS: The study retrospectively examined 523 revision rhinoplasty patients operated by the first author from January 2017 to January 2024. Patients consenting to ozone therapy received 3 major autohemotherapy sessions post-surgery. Patients were divided into 2 groups: those with compromised nasal skin (infection, poor vascular supply) and those with normal healing. Age, gender, smoking, diabetes, previous surgeries, grafting materials, and techniques were considered. RESULTS: Of the 523 patients, 12 (2.3%) experienced major skin complications like infection and necrosis, while 511 (97.7%) had no or minor issues, such as discoloration. In total, 301 patients accepted and received ozone therapy. Of the patients without major complications, 299 (58.3%) received ozone therapy, while 212 (41.7%) did not. Among the 12 with major complications, two (16.7%) received ozone therapy, and the remaining 10 (83.3%) did not. Ozone therapy recipients showed statistically fewer skin problems (p<0.05). Costal cartilage as tip and septal extension graft was linked to skin issues (p<0.05). No major adverse effects from ozone therapy were noted. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that ozone therapy may be a safe and potentially effective option for patients undergoing revision rhinoplasty, especially those with compromised nasal skin. It appears to aid in skin healing and regeneration, possibly through enhancing oxygen delivery and modulation of the immune response. Ozone therapy is a promising adjunct treatment for managing skin complications in revision rhinoplasty patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Evaluation of Triglyceride-Glucose Index Elevation as a Biomarker and Risk Factor in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

OBJECTIVES: Insulin resistance is associated with increased levels of IGF-1. IGF-1 has been shown to increase the risk of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. The Triglyceride-glucose index (TyG index) is a marker of insulin resistance. Our study aimed to investigate the relationship between the TyG index and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Two tertiary care academic hospitals. METHODS: The study included 53 patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (Group 1) and 48 healthy volunteers (Group 2). Laryngeal cancer patients were divided into two groups according to their stage. Stages I and II were named Group 1A, and Stages III and IV were called Group 1B. The TyG index was calculated as ln [fasting Triglycerides (mg/dL) × fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)/2]. The effect of the TyG index on laryngeal cancer was investigated on the parameters of sex, age, body mass index, and stage of the disease. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in age, sex, and BMI between the groups. The TyG index of group 1 (4.75 ± 0.33) was significantly higher than that of group 2 (4.59 ± 0.15). The TyG index value of group 1B (4.84 ± 0.31) was significantly higher than both group 1A (4.61 ± 0.32) and group 2 (4.59 ± 0.15). There was no significant difference between the TyG index values of group 1A (4.61 ± 0.32) and group 2 (4.59 ± 0.15). CONCLUSION: The TyG index may be a promising laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma biomarker. People with a higher TyG index may have a higher incidence of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and a higher risk of progression.

Effects of Platelet-Rich Plasma and Concentrated Growth Factor on Viability of Ultra-Diced Cartilage Grafts in a Rabbit Model.

BACKGROUND: Although rhinoplastic surgery has progressed considerably in recent years, nasal dorsal irregularities still cause postoperative distress for both surgeons and patients. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to measure the association between two biologic graft adjuncts, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and concentrated growth factor (CGF), and ultra-diced cartilage viability in an animal model. STUDY DESIGN, SETTING, AND SAMPLE: This study was designed as a randomized in-vivo study using a rabbit model. Fourteen rabbits were utilized in this investigation. The ultra-diced cartilage was obtained from auricular cartilage. PREDICTOR VARIABLE: The graft biologic adjunct is the predictor variable. There were three treatment groups: graft mixed with PRP or CGF or untreated (control). The grafts were placed in three separate pockets opened on the same rabbit. Grafts were harvested 3 months after insertion for analysis. MAIN OUTCOME VARIABLE(S): The primary outcome variable was histopathological and regenerative scores obtained from multiple histopathological parameters indicating the viability of the cartilage. Histopathological score parameters were chondrocyte loss, inflammation, fibrosis, cartilage fragmentation, and calcified area formations in the lacunae. Regenerative score parameters were peripheral cell proliferation in the cartilage tissue, vascularization in the connective tissue, proteoglycan increase in the matrix, and the amount of connective tissue. COVARIATES: The variables were age, sex, and weight. ANALYSES: Statistical analysis employed the analysis of variance test, with a significance level of P < .05. RESULTS: The sample was composed of 14 rabbits and 42 samples. The histopathologic scores were 11.93 (±2.49), 8.78 (±2.19), and 6.85 (±1.46) for the control, PRP, and CGF groups, respectively. A statistically significant difference was found in the PRP (P < .0275) and CGF (P < .0001) groups compared to the control group. The regenerative scores were 6.21 (±0.97), 8.85 (±1.70), and 12.07 (±1.26) for the control, PRP and CGF groups, respectively. A statistically significant difference was found in the PRP (P < .0159) and CGF (P < .0001) groups compared to the control group. CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: This is the first study investigating the ultra-diced cartilage graft in an experimental animal model. Histopathological examination has shown that mixing ultra-diced cartilage with CGF or PRP increases viability by reducing the histopathological score and increasing the regenerative score.

Evaluating the accuracy and readability of ChatGPT in providing parental guidance for adenoidectomy, tonsillectomy, and ventilation tube insertion surgery.

OBJECTIVES: This study examined the potential of ChatGPT as an accurate and readable source of information for parents seeking guidance on adenoidectomy, tonsillectomy, and ventilation tube insertion surgeries (ATVtis). METHODS: ChatGPT was tasked with identifying the top 15 most frequently asked questions by parents on internet search engines for each of the three specific surgical procedures. We removed repeated questions from the initial set of 45. Subsequently, we asked ChatGPT to generate answers to the remaining 33 questions. Seven highly experienced otolaryngologists individually assessed the accuracy of the responses using a four-level grading scale, from completely incorrect to comprehensive. The readability of responses was determined using the Flesch Reading Ease (FRE) and Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL) scores. The questions were categorized into four groups: Diagnosis and Preparation Process, Surgical Information, Risks and Complications, and Postoperative Process. Responses were then compared based on accuracy grade, FRE, and FKGL scores. RESULTS: Seven evaluators each assessed 33 AI-generated responses, providing a total of 231 evaluations. Among the evaluated responses, 167 (72.3 %) were classified as 'comprehensive.' Sixty-two responses (26.8 %) were categorized as 'correct but inadequate,' and two responses (0.9 %) were assessed as 'some correct, some incorrect.' None of the responses were adjudged 'completely incorrect' by any assessors. The average FRE and FGKL scores were 57.15(±10.73) and 9.95(±1.91), respectively. Upon analyzing the responses from ChatGPT, 3 (9.1 %) were at or below the sixth-grade reading level recommended by the American Medical Association (AMA). No significant differences were found between the groups regarding readability and accuracy scores (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: ChatGPT can provide accurate answers to questions on various topics related to ATVtis. However, ChatGPT's answers may be too complex for some readers, as they are generally written at a high school level. This is above the sixth-grade reading level recommended for patient information by the AMA. According to our study, more than three-quarters of the AI-generated responses were at or above the 10th-grade reading level, raising concerns about the ChatGPT text's readability.

Total Lower Lateral Cartilage Reconstruction in Multiple Revision Rhinoplasty Patients.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to demonstrate a novel surgical technique of total lower lateral cartilage reconstruction using costal cartilage grafts in multiple revision rhinoplasty cases. METHOD: Total lower lateral cartilage reconstruction technique was utilized in 24 patients who underwent open technique septorhinoplasty between 2019 and 2023. Fourteen of the patients were female, and 10 were male. In this technique, we performed total lower lateral cartilage reconstruction in multiple revision cases where the support of both medial and lateral crura was poor. In cases where only the medial crus or only the lateral crus support was inadequate, we performed reconstruction only for the poorly supported portion. A new lower lateral cartilage was created with grafts obtained from the costal cartilage. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 23. The mean follow-up time of the patients was between 6 and 18 months. No complications were observed due to this technique. Satisfactory results were obtained in the postoperative period after surgery. CONCLUSION: Multiple revision rhinoplasties present significant difficulties due to complicated nasal anatomy and weakened lower lateral cartilages. We have shown that successful results can be achieved in these complex cases with total lower lateral cartilage reconstruction using costal cartilage grafts. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

Use of lateral alar caudal graft to increase nasal tip definition in rhinoplasty.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to demonstrate use of Lateral Alar Caudal Graft to increase nasal tip definition in primary or revision rhinoplasty cases. METHOD: Lateral Alar Caudal Graft was used in 24 patients who underwent open technique septorhinoplasty between 2019 and 2023 years. Fourteen of the patients were female and 10 were male. This technique was applied in revision or primary cases where the caudal part of the lateral alar crura of the lower lateral cartilage was lower in the vertical plane than the cephalic part. The Lateral Alar Caudal Graft was sutured over the caudal edge of the lateral alar crura of the lower lateral cartilage. RESULT: The mean age of the patients was 23. The mean follow-up time of the patients was between 6 and 18 months. No complications were observed due to this technique. Satisfactory results were obtained in the postoperative period after surgery. CONCLUSION: We have successfully demonstrated that in primary or revision rhinoplasty cases, nasal tip definition will be enhanced by positioning the caudal level of the lateral alar crura of the lower lateral cartilage higher than the cephalic level using an onlay lateral alar crural graft and eliminated the need for alar rim graft.

Tranexamic Acid and Rhinoplasty: How Do Different Administration Routes Affect Effectiveness?

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the intravenous, oral and local application of tranexamic acid in operation time, intraoperative bleeding, postoperative edema and ecchymosis in rhinoplasty. METHODS: This was a randomized, double-blinded, prospective study. We included 146 patients who underwent rhinoplasty at the Bezmialem Vakif University Medical Faculty Otorhinolaryngology Clinic between April 2021 and April 2022. The patients were divided into four groups: Group 1 (intravenous TXA), Group 2 (oral TXA), Group 3 (topical TXA), and Group 4 (control). Operation time was recorded. Bleeding volume was measured in the suction chamber and nasopharyngeal pack. Postoperative edema and ecchymosis were evaluated using a scale at the end of the operation, on the 1st, 3rd, and 7th days. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between groups in terms of mean operation time (p = 0.894). There was a statistically significant lower mean intraoperative bleeding level in Group 2 from the other groups (p = 0.020). Group 3 had significantly lower scores for postoperative edema than the other groups at the end of the operation, on the 1st, 3rd, and 7th days (p < 0.05), and significantly lower scores for postoperative ecchymosis at the end of the operation (p = 0.013) and on the 3rd day (p = 0.024). Although group 3 had a lower score than the other groups in the ecchymosis measurements on the 1st, and 7th days, no statistically significant results were obtained. CONCLUSIONS: Local application of tranexamic acid is founded more beneficial for reducing postoperative edema and ecchymosis in rhinoplasty than intravenous and/or oral applications in this study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE I: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Cog graft, a new septal extension graft for designing nasal tip rotation and projection in rhinoplasty.

BACKGROUND: Adjusting the nasal tip rotation and tip projection according to the patient's face and wishes is a very important stage in rhinoplasty with the use of a cog graft positioning the tip point in the appropriate place is possible by adjusting the nose length, tip projection and tip rotation together. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to facilitate positioning the tip rotation and projection in the appropriate place according to the patient's needs in rhinoplasty with Cog graft. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cog graft was applied in 32 patients who underwent rhinoplasty. Cog graft was prepared from costal cartilage in 10 patients and from septal cartilage in 22 patients. Cog graft was prepared by shaping the superior edge of the septal extension graft like a gear wheel. It is fixed to provide desired projection to the caudal septum. In the position where rotation and projection are evaluated adequately, the graft is fixed with sutures. They were followed in average 18 months (between 6 and 24 months). RESULTS: Twenty of the patients were primary cases and 12 were revision cases. The targeted rotation and projection results were achieved in all patients. All patients had satisfactory esthetic results. CONCLUSIONS: Cog graft is a useful graft with which we can adjust the nose length, projection and rotation appropriately and in a short time with a single graft.

Lateral Overlay Sliding Transposition (LOST): A Novel Surgical Technique in Patients with Cephalic Malposition and Alar Retraction.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to demonstrate a new surgical technique that can be applied in patients with cephalic malposition and patients with alar retraction. METHODS: In this technique, a cartilage incision is made between the upper 2/3 and lower 1/3 close to the caudal edge and parallel to the cephalic edge of the lateral crus. Following this incision, the cephalic lateral crus and middle crus are meticulously dissected away from the underlying vestibular skin. The prepared flap is transposed over the intact caudal part of the lateral crus and secured in position. RESULTS: The average age of the patients included in the study was 24 years. The mean follow-up period was nine months, ranging from 6 to 12 months. No complications were observed following the application of the technique. Satisfactory outcomes were achieved postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Lateral overlay sliding transposition as a novel surgical technique has been demonstrated in patients presenting with cephalic malposition, mild to moderate alar retraction, and alar irregularity. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Vertical Alar Lengthening technique in correcting short noses.

BACKGROUND: It is crucial that the nose length must be compatible with the face in order to obtain beautiful results that suits the face. Shorter and upturned noses appear as if the tip of the nose is cut from the front and gives a piggy appearance to the patient's face. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to obtain longer noses with increased tip definition by effectively lengthening the medial and lateral crura's in patients with short nose and Asian noses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Vertical Alar Lengthening (VAL) technique was applied to 17 revision and 12 primary Asian noses. VAL technique consists of three steps. In the first step, the medial crus were lengthened by stealing from the lateral crus. Later, a lateral crural extension graft was applied to the shortened lateral crus, and the lateral crus was lengthened and sutured to the medial crus. In the final stage, a subdomal graft was placed and supported in the space formed underneath the alar tip between the mucosa and the new dome. They were followed in average 12 months (between 6 and 18 months). RESULTS: VAL technique was applied to 17 revision and 12 primer Asian noses. Suggested surgical technique move the tip forward and downward reduced its cephalic rotation and lengthened the nose. Targeted tip point, rotation and projection results were achieved in all patients. All patients had satisfactory esthetic results. CONCLUSIONS: In revision cases and short nose deformities in Asian noses, the nasal tip point was extended forward and downward with the VAL technique, reducing its rotation and lengthening the nose.

KRAS Mutation Reduces Thymoquinone Anticancer Effects on Viability of Cells and Apoptosis.

BACKGROUND: Cancer is a life-threatening condition with an economic burden on societies. Phytotherapy is rapidly taking place in cancer research to increase the success of treatment and quality of life. Thymoquinone (TQ) is the main active phenolic compound obtained from the essential oil of the Nigella sativa (black cumin) plant seed. For a long time, black cumin has been used traditionally for the remedy of different diseases because of its various biological effects. It has been shown that most of these effects of black cumin seeds are due to TQ. TQ became a popular research topic for phytotherapy studies for its potential therapeutic applications, and more research is going on to fully understand its mechanisms of action, safety, and efficacy in humans. KRAS is a gene that regulates cell division and growth. Monoallelic variants in KRAS result in uncontrollable cell division, leading to cancer development. Studies have shown that cancer cells with KRAS mutations are often resistant to certain types of chemotherapy and targeted therapies. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the effect of TQ on cancer cells with and without KRAS mutation to better understand the reason why TQ may have different anticancer effects in the different types of cancer cells. METHODS: TQ was investigated for its cytotoxic and apoptotic effects in laryngeal cancer cells (HEp-2) without KRAS mutation and compared to mutant KRAS-transfected larynx cancer cells and KRAS mutation-carrying lung cancer cells (A549). RESULTS: We showed that TQ has more cytotoxic and apoptotic effects on laryngeal cancer cells without KRAS mutation than in cells with mutation. CONCLUSION: KRAS mutations decrease the effect of TQ on cell viability and apoptosis, and further studies are needed to fully understand the relationship between KRAS mutations and thymoquinone effectiveness in cancer treatment.

The hammer graft: A novel technique to provide dorsal support, tip projection, and rotation in rhinoplasty.

BACKGROUND: There are numerous cartilaginous grafts that can be used in rhinoplasty, depending on the specific needs of the patient. These include spreader grafts, dorsal onlay, tip grafts, septal extension, and columellar struts grafts, among others. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to demonstrate use of the hammer graft in rhinoplasty; this technique can be used to improve dorsal support, tip projection, and tip rotation using a single cartilage graft. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This novel graft was applied in 18 patients who underwent rhinoplasty. In revision patients, hammer graft was harvested from costal cartilage and in primary cases from septum cartilage. They were followed in average 12 months (between 6 and 18 months). RESULT: Three of these patients were revision cases and 15 were primary cases. In revision patients, hammer graft was harvested from costal cartilage and in primary cases from septal cartilage. The targeted results were achieved to a large extent in all patients. All patients had satisfactory esthetic results. CONCLUSION: The hammer graft as a single and stable graft useful support for the dorsal part, caudal part and extension part of the septum to be used in primary and revision rhinoplasty.

Sutureless transconjunctival insertion of eyelid gold weight.

OBJECTIVE: Surgical intervention for paralytic lagophthalmos has been gold weight implant through supratarsal crease incision for decades. The aim of this study is to propose a modified novel minimally invasive approach that can be described as sutureless and transconjunctival placement of eyelid weights. METHOD: Unilateral eyelid gold weights were implanted in six patients due to paralytic lagophthalmos secondary to peripheral facial nerve palsy. The patients were followed for an average of 6 months. RESULTS: Functional and aesthetically desired results were obtained in all six patients with suture-free transconjunctival placement of the eyelid weight. The patients did not experience any discomfort and avoided the burden of suture removal after the surgery. No complications developed in six patients during the postoperative period. CONCLUSION: Sutureless transconjunctival insertion of eyelid weight without external incision and suturing is practical, relatively easy and fast to perform. It preserves attachment of the levator muscle to the tarsus and presents functional results similar to conventional method. Fixing the implant with sutures to the tarsal plate is not needed. Sutureless of this method avoids external wound care, burden of suture removal for both surgeons and patients, and hence, suture related complications are eliminated.

Surgical correction of the lower lateral cartilage protrusion and external nasal valve pinching with lateral crural resection technique.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to demonstrate a novel surgical technique in the treatment of lower lateral crural protrusion and external nasal valve pinching. METHOD: The lower lateral crural resection technique was used in 24 patients who underwent open technique septorhinoplasty between 2019 and 2022. Fourteen of the patients were female and 10 were male. In this technique, excess part of crura's tail was excised from the lower lateral crura and placed in the same pocket. This area was supported with a diced cartilage and a postoperative nasal retainer was applied. We have corrected the aesthetic problem that occurs when the lower lateral cartilage is convex, and external nasal valve pinching that occurs when the lower lateral crural protrusion is concave. RESULT: The mean age of the patients was 23. The mean follow-up time of the patients was between 6 and 18 months. No complications were observed due to this technique. Satisfactory results were obtained in the postoperative period after surgery. CONCLUSION: A new surgical approach has been proposed for patients with lower lateral crural protrusion and external nasal valve pinching using the lateral crural resection technique.

Key stone plasty and asymmetric hump resection in crooked nose deformity.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to propose a new approach in crooked nose deformity with key-stone plasty and asymmetric hump resection. METHOD: Twelve patients with crooked nose deformities were operated using the open rhinoplasty technique. Our method, unlike other methods, has two different steps. Following asymmetric hump resection, cartilaginous and osseous septum were cut separated at the key stone area or more caudally and fix the septum with sutures again by allowing them to slide over each other in a way that directs the septum to the midline. If there is an inability to reveal the septum, we apply a longer spreader graft to the cartilage septum side. RESULTS: The mean ages were 27.4 years. The mean follow-up time of the patients was 19.1 months. No complications were observed due to this technique. This technique was effective in the treatment of all our patients with crooked nose deformities. CONCLUSION: A novel surgical approach with key-stone plasty and asymmetric hump resection method was proposed in crooked nose deformity with a video animation.

Supratip suture and skin scoring technique in the patient with thick skin in rhinoplasty.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to demonstrate a new surgical technique to achieve ideal nasal tip rotation and projection with nasal supratip angle in patients with thick skin. METHOD: Supratip suture and skin scoring technique was used in 24 patients who underwent open technique septorhinoplasty operation between the years 2019 and 2022. In this technique the nose skin was thinned with scissors. Scoring and supratip sutures were applied to the skin. Kenacort (Triamcinolone 8 mg) was injected into the supratip area without closing the skin. Fourteen of the patients were female and 10 were male. RESULT: The mean age of the patients was 22. The mean follow-up time of the patients was between 6 and 18 months. No complications were observed due to this technique. Satisfactory results were obtained in the postoperative period after surgery. CONCLUSION: A new surgical approach has been proposed to create the desired dimensions with nasal tip rotation and projection and supratip angle in patients with thick skin using the supratip suture and skin scoring technique.

Effect of allergic rhinitis on the outcomes of diode laser dacryocystorhinostomy.

PURPOSE: Studies on patients with nasolacrimal duct obstruction have suggested the presence of comorbid allergic rhinitis. This study aimed to investigate the role of allergic rhinitis in the long-term surgical failure of diode laser dacryocystorhinostomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 153 patients undergoing diode laser dacryocystorhinostomy between 2013 and 2017 were included in the study. In the consultation and follow-up, a skin prick test, endoscopic nasal examination, and nasal symptom scoring were performed. RESULTS: A total of 137 patients participated in the follow-up. The nasolacrimal obstruction complaints were completely resolved in 112 patients (81.8%). Of these, eight (7.1%) had positive skin prick tests. The preoperative complaints continued postoperatively in 25 (18.2%) patients. Nasal endoscopy revealed synechiae in one of these patients, whereas no anatomic deformities were observed in the other 24 patients. Of the 25 patients, 21 (84%) had positive skin prick tests. Those patients had signs of allergic rhinitis on endoscopic examination and high nasal symptom scores. There were significant differences in skin prick test results and nasal symptom scores between the two groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Allergic rhinitis may affect the success of dacryocystorhinostomy in patients with nasolacrimal duct obstruction. To increase the chances of surgical success, besides choosing the appropriate surgical procedure, it may be useful to treat allergic rhinitis pre- and postoperatively.

Are the oxidative stress levels in the tumor center and tumor boundary different from those in healthy tissue?

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between oxidative stress levels in the tumor center, tumor edge, and healthy tissue. METHODS: This study included a total of 53 patients with head and neck cancer. Samples of 5 × 5 × 5 mm were collected from the tumor center, tumor edge, and the healthy tissue. Total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) values were evaluated. (1) Oxidative stress values in the center and edge of all tumors and in healthy tissues were compared according to localization. (2) Tumors were divided into two groups as malignant (Group 1 [n = 28]: Laryngeal and tongue squamous cell cancers) and benign (Group 2 [n = 25]: Pleomorphic adenoma and Warthin tumors). The groups were compared according to the localization of the tissues. RESULTS: The TOS value in the tumor edge was significantly higher than those in the tumor center and the healthy tissue. The TAS value in tissue located in the tumor edge was significantly higher than in the healthy tissue. The OSI value in the tumor edge was significantly higher than those in the tumor center and the healthy tissue. In all three localizations (tumor center, tumor edge, and healthy tissue), TOS and OSI values in Group 1 were significantly higher than Group 2. CONCLUSION: Oxidative stress values in the tumor edge are significantly higher than the center of the tumor and healthy tissue. In malignant tumors, oxidative stress values are significantly higher in all localizations compared to benign tumors.

Comparison of the efficacy of multiple antioxidant and hyperbaric oxygen treatments in the prevention of ischemia and necrosis of local random McFarlane skin flap.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of multiple antioxidant (Proxeed Plus (PP) with Carnitine, Selenium, Zinc, Coenzyme Q10, Vitamin C, Folic Acid, Vitamin B12) on local random skin flap healing with the hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy. METHODS: Fourty rats were equally divided into five groups (Control, PP, HBO, HBO + PP, PP + HBO + PP). Local random McFarlane skin flap was applied to all rats. Following the applications, evaluations were made biochemical (TAS, TOS, OSI, IL-1ß, IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-ß, VEGF) and histopathological parameters. RESULTS: Necrosis percentage was found to be lower in the PP + HBO + PP group than all other groups whereas the necrosis percentages of PP and HBO groups were similar. Oxidative stress rates were significantly higher in the control group compared to the other groups whereas it was lower in the PP + HBO + PP group than all other groups. The inflammation parameters were the highest in the control group and the lowest in the PP + HBO + PP group. Growth factors were higher in the PP + HBO + PP group than all other groups. Epithelialization and wound healing were better in the HBO and PP groups than in the control group. The greatest healing, epithelialization and vascularization was seen in the PP + HBO + PP group. The histopathological findings in the PP + HBO + PP group were better in each inner region than in the other groups. CONCLUSION: Biochemical and histopathological parameters have shown that PP reduces ischemia and necrosis and increases oxygenation in flap healing by providing significant improvement thanks to the multiple molecular structures in its content.