Utilidad de la endoscopia sistemática con bicromoendoscopia para la detección de displasia en pacientes con lesiones premalignas gástricas / Usefulness of systematic chromoendoscopy with a double dye staining technique for the detection of dysplasia in patients with premalignant gastric lesions

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las lesiones premalignas gástricas constituyen un factor de riesgo para desarrollar cáncer gástrico. OBJETIVO: Evaluar la utilidad de una endoscopia sistemática que incluye bicromoendoscopia para la detección de displasia en pacientes con lesiones premalignas gástricas. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio longitudinal y prospectivo de pacientes consecutivos con diagnóstico de atrofia gástrica, metaplasia intestinal o displasia remitidos para nueva valoración por endoscopia antes de los 6 meses de la endoscopia inicial. La nueva endoscopia se realizó en 3 fases: revisión exhaustiva y sistemática de toda la mucosa con toma de fotos y biopsias de las lesiones sospechosas (fase 1), bicromoendoscopia con una mezcla de ácido acético 1,2% e índigo carmín 0,5% (fase 2) y mapeo topográfico con toma de biopsias aleatorias (fase 3). RESULTADOS: Cincuenta pacientes con diagnóstico de gastritis atrófica (n = 9, 18%), metaplasia intestinal (n = 38, 76%) y displasia de bajo grado (n = 3, 6%). La endoscopia sistemática con bicromoendoscopia identificó más pacientes con displasia (9 versus 3, p < 0,05) y se obtuvieron más biopsias con diagnóstico de displasia, tanto en lesiones visibles (6 vs. 0, p < 0,05) como no visibles (6 vs. 3, p = NS). En un paciente con displasia de bajo grado inicial, esta no volvió a detectarse en la endoscopia sistemática, siendo el rendimiento global de la endoscopia de seguimiento para detectar lesiones del 92%. CONCLUSIONES: Los pacientes con lesiones premalignas gástricas presentan lesiones sincrónicas de mayor severidad histológica que se ponen de manifiesto al realizar una endoscopia sistemática que incluye el uso de bicromoendoscopia

INTRODUCTION: Premalignant gastric lesions have an increased risk to develop gastric cancer. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the usefulness of systematic endoscopy that includes chromoendoscopy with a double dye staining technique for the detection of dysplasia in patients with premalignant gastric lesions. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This longitudinal, prospective study was performed in patients with gastric atrophy, intestinal metaplasia or dysplasia who were referred for endoscopy less than 6 months after the initial diagnosis. The second endoscopy was performed in three phases: phase 1, exhaustive and systematic review of the mucosa with photographic documentation and biopsies of suspicious areas; phase 2, chromoendoscopy with a double dye staining technique using acetic acid 1.2% and indigo carmine 0.5%; phase 3, topographic mapping and random biopsies. RESULTS: A total of 50 patients were included. Nine (18%) had atrophic gastritis, 38 (76%) had intestinal metaplasia, and 3 (6%) had low-grade dysplasia. Systematic endoscopy with chromoendoscopy using a double dye staining technique detected more patients with dysplasia (9 versus 3, p < .05), and a larger number of biopsies with the diagnosis of dysplasia were obtained. This occurred for visible (6 vs. 0, p < .05) and non-visible lesions (6 vs. 3, p = NS). In one patient, initial low-grade dysplasia was not detected again in the systematic endoscopy, giving a global endoscopic performance for the detection of lesions of 92%. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with premalignant gastric lesions have synchronous lesions with greater histological severity, which are detected when systematic endoscopy is conducted with indigo carmine dye added to acetic acid

[Usefulness of systematic chromoendoscopy with a double dye staining technique for the detection of dysplasia in patients with premalignant gastric lesions]. / Utilidad de la endoscopia sistemática con bicromoendoscopia para la detección de displasia en pacientes con lesiones premalignas gástricas.

INTRODUCTION: Premalignant gastric lesions have an increased risk to develop gastric cancer. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the usefulness of systematic endoscopy that includes chromoendoscopy with a double dye staining technique for the detection of dysplasia in patients with premalignant gastric lesions. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This longitudinal, prospective study was performed in patients with gastric atrophy, intestinal metaplasia or dysplasia who were referred for endoscopy less than 6 months after the initial diagnosis. The second endoscopy was performed in three phases: phase 1, exhaustive and systematic review of the mucosa with photographic documentation and biopsies of suspicious areas; phase 2, chromoendoscopy with a double dye staining technique using acetic acid 1.2% and indigo carmine 0.5%; phase 3, topographic mapping and random biopsies. RESULTS: A total of 50 patients were included. Nine (18%) had atrophic gastritis, 38 (76%) had intestinal metaplasia, and 3 (6%) had low-grade dysplasia. Systematic endoscopy with chromoendoscopy using a double dye staining technique detected more patients with dysplasia (9 versus 3, p<.05), and a larger number of biopsies with the diagnosis of dysplasia were obtained. This occurred for visible (6 vs. 0, p<.05) and non-visible lesions (6 vs. 3, p=NS). In one patient, initial low-grade dysplasia was not detected again in the systematic endoscopy, giving a global endoscopic performance for the detection of lesions of 92%. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with premalignant gastric lesions have synchronous lesions with greater histological severity, which are detected when systematic endoscopy is conducted with indigo carmine dye added to acetic acid.

[Primary melanoma of the esophagus]. / Melanoma primario del esófago.

Primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus is a rare, aggressive and poor-prognostic neoplasm, usually detected in late stages. Surgery (esophagectomy) is the treatment of choice when operable and the only factor that improves the disease prognosis is the detection of the lesions in early stages and the recognition of non-typical lesions. Most commonly, Melanoma lesions appear as large masses with proliferative, ulcerated and pigmented aspect. We report a clinical case whose endoscopic presentation was an elevated, protruding and sessile lesion (Paris Classification Type 0- Is), amelanocytic, size of 4mm, smooth surface, pink and with regular borders (mucosa of tumor with a normal esophagic mucosa appearance). This lesion initially could not be identified because the patient was admitted due to upper gastrointestinal bleeding caused by peptic esophagitis Grade D according to Los Angeles Classification. After histological analysis and immunohistochemistry of the lesion, melanoma was diagnosed. No skin, mucous or ocular lesions were found and multislice spiral computed tomography of thorax and abdomen did not show any metastasis.

[Deep vein thrombosis as an extraintestinal manifestation of ulcerative colitis. Presentation of a case]. / Trombosis venosa profunda como manifestación extra intestinal de colitis ulcerativa. Presentación de un caso.

Extra-intestinal manifestations of Inflammatory Bowel Disease occur in 25% of cases. Vascular manifestations are rare and occur in 1 to 8% of cases. The most relevant are Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT) and Pulmonary Embolism (PE). They both represent an important cause of morbidity and mortality and increase the risk of DVT recurrence. These are the reasons why prevention and early recognition of these entities are important. There is no agreement yet about the prophylaxis of DVT, neither primary nor secondary, to prevent recurrences in this group of patients. We report the case of a 52 year-old male patient who was admitted due to DVT in the left leg and who was simultaneously diagnosed with Ulcerative Colitis (Truelove activity index:16 points) during this same hospitalization. Doppler ultrasonography of the leg showed a thrombus in the left popliteal vein. Colonoscopy showed nodules, erosions, edema and erythema in the whole colonic mucosa in a continuous fashion. The patient was treated with Sulfazalasine 2gr per day, resulting in total remission of the intestinal complaints, and with Enoxaparin 1.5 IU/Kg per day followed by warfarin 5 mg per day, resulting in disappearance of the popliteal thrombus at 4 weeks. Oral anticoagulant treatment continued for 6 months and no DVT recurrences were seen during follow-up appointments.

Melanoma primario del esófago / Primary melanoma of the esophagus - case report

El Melanoma Maligno Primario de Esófago es una neoplasia muy rara, de comportamiento agresivo y pobre pronostico, generalmente diagnosticada en estadío avanzado. La cirugía (esofagectomía) es el tratamiento de elección cuando es operable por lo que la única manera de mejorar el pronóstico es la identificación de las lesiones en estadios tempranos y el reconocimiento de lesiones no típicas. Generalmente se presentan como masas grandes, de aspecto proliferativo, ulceradas y pigmentadas nosotros presentamos un caso clínico cuya presentación endoscópica fue de una lesión elevada protruida sésil (Clasificación de Paris Tipo 0-Is), amelanocitico de 4 mm de tamaño, con superficie lisa, rosada, bordes regulares (mucosa de tumor con apariencia de mucosa esofágica normal) que inicialmente no pudo ser identificado pues el paciente ingreso por Hemorragia Digestiva Alta debido a esofagitis péptica Los Ángeles D. No se detectaron lesiones cutáneas, en mucosas u oculares. La tomografía espiral multicorte abdomino torácico no mostro metástasis.

Primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus is a rare, aggressive and poor-prognostic neoplasm, usually detected in late stages. Surgery (esophagectomy) is the treatment of choice when operable and the only factor that improves the disease prognosis is the detection of the lesions in early stages and the recognition of non-typical lesions. Most commonly, Melanoma lesions appear as large masses with proliferative, ulcerated and pigmented aspect. We report a clinical case whose endoscopic presentation was an elevated, protruding and sessile lesion (Paris Classification Type 0- Is), amelanocytic, size of 4mm, smooth surface, pink and with regular borders (mucosa of tumor with a normal esophagic mucosa appearance). This lesion initially could not be identified because the patient was admitted due to upper gastrointestinal bleeding caused by peptic esophagitis Grade D according to Los Angeles Classification. After histological analysis and immunohistochemistry of the lesion, melanoma was diagnosed. No skin, mucous or ocular lesions were found and multislice spiral computed tomography of thorax and abdomen did not show any metastasis.

Trombosis venosa profunda como manifestación extra intestinal de colitis ulcerativa. Presentación de un caso / Deep vein thrombosis as an extra intestinal manifestation of ulcerative colitis. Case report

Las manifestaciones extra intestinales en pacientes con Enfermedad Inflamatoria Intestinal (EII) se presentan en un 25% de los casos, de éstas, las manifestaciones vasculares son raras y representan entre el 1% al 8%, las más importantes son la trombosis venosa profunda (TVP) y la embolia pulmonar (EP), representan una causa relevante de morbilidad y mortalidad, además de un mayor riesgo de recurrencia de TVP. Por lo que el reconocimiento y la prevención de estas complicaciones son importantes. No hay consenso aún sobre profilaxis primaria ni secundaria para evitar recurrencias en este tipo de pacientes. Reportamos el caso de un paciente varón de 52 años de edad quien ingresa con cuadro de TVP en vena poplítea izquierda al momento del diagnóstico de Colitis Ulcerativa y durante un episodio de exacerbación severa (Índice de Truelove: 16 puntos). El ecodoppler mostró la presencia de un trombo organizado en vena poplítea izquierda. La colonoscopia mostro en toda la extensión del colon una mucosa nodular, erosionada y tejido edematoso con estenosis parcial, la biopsia reveló Colitis Ulcerativa (CU). El paciente recibió tratamiento con sulfazalasina 2gr/día con remisión de cuadro clínico de CU y anticoagulantes con Enoxaparina 1.5 UI/kg/día al inicio de tratamiento, seguido con Warfarina 5mg/día, con remisión de trombo en vena poplítea a las 4 semanas. Continuó con tratamiento anticoagulante por vía oral por 6 meses no presentando recurrencia de TVP durante el seguimiento de 1,5 años.

Extra-intestinal manifestations of inflammatory Bowel Disease occur in 25% of cases. Vascular manifestations are rare and occur in 1 to 8% of cases. The most relevant are Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT) and Pulmonary Embolism (PE). They both represent an importants cause of morbidity and mortality and increase the risk of DVT recurrence. These are the reasons why prevention and early recognition of these entities are important. There is no agreement yet about the prophylaxis of DVT, neither primary nor secondary, to prevent recurrences in this group of patients. We report the case of a 52 year-old male patient who was admitted due to DVT in the left leg and who was simultaneously diagnosed with Ulcerative Colitis (Truelove activity index:16 points) during this same hospitalization. Doppler ultrasonography of the leg showed a thrombus in the left poplitel vein. Colonoscopy showed nodules, erosions, edema and erythema in the whole colonic mucosa in a continuous fashion. The patient was treated with Sulfazalasine 2gr per day, resulting in total remission of the intestinal complaints, and with Enoxaparin 1.5 IU/Kg per day followed by warfarin 5 mg per day, resulting in disappearance of the popliteal thrombus at 4 weeks. Oral anticoagulant treatment continued for 6 months and no DVT recurrences were seen during follow-up appointments.

[Eosinophilic gastroenteritis with ascites: clinical case report]. / Gastroenteritis eosinofílica con ascitis: presentación de un caso clínico.

Eosinophilic Gastroentertis (EG) is a very rare disease, characterized by focal or difuse eosinophilic infiltration of the gastrointestinal tract. The clinical presentation is variable and depends on the histological and the extension layer involved. We report a case of eosinophilic gastroenteritis whose main presentation was ascites with peripheral eosinophilia and chronic intermittent diarrhea in a patient with a history of atopy. Upper endoscopy showed severe multifocal erythematous gastritis, the ascitic fluid showed elevated WBC with eosinophilia, with a SAAG (Serum albumin ascites gradient) of less 1.1. The patient was treated with corticoesteroids with remission of clinical manifestation.

Gastroenteritis eosinofílica con ascitis: presentación de un caso clínico / Eosinophilic gastroenteritis with ascites: clinical case report

La Gastroenteritis Eosinofílica (GE) es una enfermedad muy rara, caracterizándose por infiltrado eosinofílico focal o difusa del tracto gastrointestinal, cuya presentación clínica es muy variable y depende de la capa histológica y la extensión involucrada. Reportamos un caso de gastroenteritis eosinofílica cuya presentación principal fue la ascitis, con eosinofilia periférica y diarrea crónica intermitente en una paciente con historia de atopía. La endoscopia alta mostro gastritis eritematosa severa multifocal, el liquido ascítico mostro leucocitos elevados con eosinofilia, con un GASA (Gradiente albumina sérica liquido ascítico) menor a 1.1. La paciente recibió tratamiento con corticoides con remisión del cuadro clínico.

Eosinophilic Gastroentertis (EG) is a very rare disease, characterized by focal or difuse eosinophilic infiltration of the gastrointestinal tract. The clinical presentation is variable and depends on the histological and the extension layer involved. We report a case of eosinophilic gastroenteritis whose main presentation was ascites with peripheral eosinophilia and chronic intermittent diarrhea in a patient with a history of atopy. Upper endoscopy showed severe multifocal erythematous gastritis, the ascetic fluid showed elevated WBC with eosinophilia, with a SAAG (Serum albumin ascites gradient) of less 1.1 The patient was treated with corticoesteroids with remission of clinical manifestation.