[Actual problems of palliative care in geriatric practice in Almaty.]

The study design was a transversal single-sample cross-section randomized study. In total, 1 898 people over 60 years of age living in Almaty were interviewed on the questionnaire to study their needs for palliative and medical and social care. Study of the need with the definition of functional states of older age (according to WHO) in medical and social care and palliative care in Almaty using SPSS IBM Statistics version 23.0 found that geriatric patients with non-oncological pathology have different characteristics of medical and social needs, which require interagency cooperation. The solution of the problem can be achieved by creating a register of elderly patients at the level of primary care to provide palliative care at home with the help of mobile and multidisciplinary teams, which include health workers, psychologists, social workers.

[Comparison of the Results of Satellite Studies of "Mars-500" Experiment Participans in Syktyvkar and Almaty].

Participants of "Mars-500" experiment living in Syktyvkar (northerners) and Almaty (southerners) were studied throughout the year in various seasons. Latitude-caused differences of vegetative index values (RMSSD and pNN50) between groups were found in summer. Northerners were found to have significant seasonal shifts in thermoregulation parameters and RMSSD and pNN50 values. Southerners showed no seasonal changes in abovementioned indices. Participants from both groups were shown to have deviations of several physiological parameters from moderate latitude norms. Many participants from both groups demonstrated stress in adaptation mechanisms. Orthostatic tests performed in both groups revealed deficiencies in regulation of blood circulation.

The evaluation of cognitive skills and the quality of life between Parkinson Disease patients and healthy aged people above 60 years old.

In the 21st century mankind has made a huge progress in the health care system, so the average life expectancy has increased significantly compared to the previous centuries. The managing of healthy ageing of the population represents one of the main actual problems of the national health care systems around the world as the aged population is increasing, so, for instance, it is estimated that there will be over 2 billion people worldwide over the age of 65 by the year 2050 [36]. In particular, the age-related neurological diseases such as Parkinson Disease (PD) have seen a dramatic increase in international prevalence. Projections suggest that the neurodegenerative diseases like PD will surpass cancer as the leading cause of death by the year 2040 [36]; thus presenting an ever-growing challenge to maintain an optimal quality of life of the patients. In healthy ageing, cognitive skills impair naturally due to natural brain atrophy; in PD these processes are rather accelerated, so that, overwhelming clinical studies showed that dementia eventually develops in up to 80-85 % of patients with PD [1, 39]. This article is focuses on evaluating the health related quality of life measurements of PD patients such as cognitive status, anxiety and stress levels as well as it aims to suggest a possible future strategy to improve the quality of life of the patients.

Apolipoprotein Gene Polymorphisms (APOB, APOC111, APOE) in the Development of Coronary Heart Disease in Ethnic Groups of Kazakhstan.

BACKGROUND: Previous Analysis of polymorphism of genes associated with the development of coronary heart disease (CHD) reveals that the frequency distribution of genotypes and alleles depends on the ethnic characteristics of the populations under study. Further impetus is derived from the well -established links between alcoholism (high prevalence in Kazakhstan region) and cardiovascular disorders. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine a number of apolipoprotein gene polymorphisms and correlate these alleles with changes of lipid profile in CHD patients of Kazakh and Uyghur nationalities. METHODS: Four-Hundred Forty Eight (448) males of Kazakh and Uyghur nationalities residing in Kazakhstan were evaluated and genotyped. The age range of these subjects was 30-55 years which included both afflicted and controls. Specifically, 161- Kazakhs suffered from myocardial infarction compared to 112 health controls; 80- Uyghurs suffered from CHD compared to 95 health controls. Blood lipid profiles were examined in the total cohort. Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using oligonucleotide primers identifying; ApoB; ApoC111; and APOE gene polymorphisms. RESULTS: Initial screening revealed a significant inter-ethnic difference on the frequency of alleles associated with both the ApoB and APOE genes. We found that the X1 ApoB gene polymorphism is overrepresented in healthy Kazakhs relative to Uyghurs [86.4% in Kazakhs vs. 69.4% in Uyghurs]. Moreover, we found that the E4APOE allele was also overrepresented in healthy Kazakhs relative to Uyghurs [16.8% in Kazakhs vs. 9.5% in Uyghurs]. There was a significant relationship of polymorphisms of APOE such as ApoB and ApoC 111 with the value of lipid indices in Kazakhs. Additionally, we found that the E4 allele of the APOE gene also correlated with the value of lipid indices in Kazakhs. Further evaluation showed that the X2 allele of the ApoB and the S2 allele of the ApoCIII gene significantly associated with the lipid indices of Uyghurs. CONCLUSION: This systematic investigation confirms the association of various alleles of Apolipoprotein gene polymorphisms and contribution to aberrant lipid metabolism. Putatively at least in our population we are proposing that certain gene polymorphisms of Apolipoprotein genes such as ApoB; ApoC111; APOE ; X2 of ApoB; and S2 of ApoCIII differentially represented in either Kazakhs or Uyghurs are genetic markers of hypertriglyceridemia.