ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Understanding the underlying factors that influence the approach to overweight and obesity in children is basic to best support families searching a solution to this important public health problem. OBJECTIVE: To assess attitudes and feelings of paediatric staff in addressing overweight and childhood obesity to parents, exploring perceived barriers and facilitators, for an effective care. PARTICIPANTS AND METHOD: Qualitative study by means of individual semi-structured questionnaires of paediatric staff (paediatricians and paediatrician nurses; n = 57; 68% female) of primary health care centres and hospitals in Mallorca. Thematic analysis was done. RESULTS: Three themes emerged from the data: "Parents' attitude in childhood obesity" (sub-themes "The conscience of parents", "The parents ask for help"), "Paediatric staff and childhood obesity" (sub-themes "Approaching to the problem: The interview with parents", "Looking together for the solution"), and "System barriers" (sub-themes "Improving teamwork and health policy", "Family participation in addressing childhood obesity"). CONCLUSIONS: Paediatric staffs know how to treat childhood obesity, but demand training on motivation. Effectivity on therapy of childhood obesity will be obtained after parents/carers recognize the problem and establish a trustful relationship with paediatric staff. The health system is still a barrier to the activity of paediatric personnel.
Subject(s)
Pediatric Obesity , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Motivation , Overweight , Parents , Pediatric Obesity/prevention & control , Qualitative ResearchABSTRACT
Two practically simple chiral derivatization protocols for determining the enantiopurity of chiral diols by (1)H NMR and (19)F NMR spectroscopic analysis are described, involving treatment of the diol with 2-formylphenylboronic acid and alpha-methyl-4-fluorobenzylamine, or its derivatization with 4-fluoro-2-formylphenylboronic acid and alpha-methyl-benzylamine. Both approaches afford mixtures of imino-boronate esters whose diastereomeric ratio may be measured by (1)H NMR or (19)F NMR spectroscopy, the value of which is an accurate reflection of the enantiopurity of the parent diol.
Subject(s)
Alcohols/analysis , Boronic Acids/chemistry , Esters/chemistry , Imines/chemistry , Boronic Acids/chemical synthesis , Esters/chemical synthesis , Fluorine/chemistry , Imines/chemical synthesis , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/standards , Molecular Conformation , Protons , Reference Standards , StereoisomerismABSTRACT
We have studied the complications of varicella in children treated with inhaled steroids. From 1995 to 2005, 3/213 (1.4%) children hospitalized on the island of Mallorca, Spain, for varicella had received inhaled steroids. The rate of hospitalization for varicella complications in children receiving inhaled steroids was 17/100,000 children taking inhaled steroids, a rate similar to the rest of the children's population (18.2/100,000). Inhaled steroids did not increase the risk of varicella complications (relative risk 0.94; 95% confidence interval: 0.3-2.89).
Subject(s)
Chickenpox/complications , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Steroids/adverse effects , Administration, Inhalation , Adolescent , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/adverse effects , Asthma/drug therapy , Chickenpox/epidemiology , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Prevalence , Risk , Spain/epidemiology , Steroids/administration & dosageABSTRACT
A three-component chiral derivatization protocol for determining the enantiopurity of chiral diols by (1)H NMR spectroscopic analysis is described here. The present approach involves the derivatization of 1,2- 1,3- and 1,4-diols with 2-formylphenylboronic acid and enantiopure alpha-methylbenzylamine. This method affords a mixture of diastereoisomeric iminoboronate esters whose ratio can be determined by integration of well-resolved diastereotopic resonances in their (1)H NMR spectra, thus enabling the determination of the enantiopurity of the parent diol. The protocol as described takes less than 90 min to complete.
